Nature Immunology Contents: October 2015 Volume 16 pp 1001 - 1103

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TABLE OF CONTENTS October 2015 Volume 16, Issue 10 Commentary News and Views Research Highlights Review Articles Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Microbiology: Call for Papers Launching in January 2016, Nature Microbiology is now open for submissions and inviting high-quality submissions. The journal will cover all aspects of microorganisms be it their evolution, physiology and cell biology, their interactions with each other, with a host, with an environment, or their societal significance.  Submit your next research paper to the journal.     Commentary Top Genomics is rapidly advancing precision medicine for immunological disorders   pp1001 - 1004 Yu Zhang, Helen C Su and Michael J Lenardo doi:10.1038/ni.3275 Advances in human genomics, when validated functionally, can lead to new insights into how the immune system works. Notably, previously unknown mechanisms revealed by genomics can lead to the development of precision medicine unanticipated on the basis of phenotype alone. News and Views Top Subversion of anticancer immunosurveillance by radiotherapy   pp1005 - 1007 Laurence Zitvogel and Guido Kroemer doi:10.1038/ni.3236 Paradoxically, radiotherapy can reinforce immunosuppressive pathways that undermine anticancer immunosurveillance and treatment efficacy. Irradiation induces Langerhans cells to migrate from the skin to lymph nodes, where they stimulate regulatory T cells. See also: Article by Price et al. To κ+ B or not to κ+ B   pp1007 - 1009 Megan R Fisher and Craig H Bassing doi:10.1038/ni.3277 Immature B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes assemble antigen receptor-encoding genes in lineage- and developmental stage-specific fashion. New findings show that pre-B cells use specialized locus-specific epigenetic mechanisms to promote recombination of the locus encoding the immunoglobulin κ-chain (Igk) and κ-chain+ B cell development. See also: Article by Mandal et al. Reading the fine print: sequence-specific activation of cGAS   pp1009 - 1010 Jessica J Chiang and Michaela U Gack doi:10.1038/ni.3274 A unique guanosine-flanked Y-form DNA triggers innate cGAS-dependent responses that lead to upregulation of the production of type I interferons. See also: Article by Herzner et al. ILC development: TCF-1 reporting in   pp1011 - 1012 Jonathan Kaye doi:10.1038/ni.3276 The transcriptional regulator TCF-1 marks rare progenitor cells in adult bone marrow that have lost the potential to develop into the lymphocyte lineage but can give rise to all innate lymphoid cell lineages. See also: Article by Yang et al. Immunology JOBS of the week Faculty Positions in Immunology and Host-Pathogen Interactions Columbia University Postdoctoral Scholar in Immunology University of California (UCSF) The John Forrester Senior Postdoctoral Fellowship in Experimental Immunology Lions Eye Institute Postdoc in molecular hematology-immunology University of Liege, Belgium Human Cancer Immunology Faculty Positions The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine (JAX-GM) More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT Plant Genetics and Breeding Technologies II 1st Feb - 3rd Feb 2016 Vienna, Austria More science events from Research Highlights Top Danger takes its Toll | Unifying principles | Metastasis factor | Guiding nerve regeneration | Understanding deletional CSR | Universal influenza vaccine Review Top Autophagy and autophagy-related proteins in the immune system   pp1014 - 1024 Shusaku T Shibutani, Tatsuya Saitoh, Heike Nowag, Christian Münz and Tamotsu Yoshimori doi:10.1038/ni.3273 Autophagy is an essential intracellular degradation process. Yoshimori and colleagues review the broad role of autophagy in immunological function. Advertisement Stock up on Recombinant Proteins Cell Sciences is offering 20 - 50% off milligram size cytokines, growth factors & chemokines. These proteins are low endotoxin, carrier-free, highly pure, biologically active and suitable for cell culture and animal studies. Custom vialing to your specifications is available.   Articles Top Sequence-specific activation of the DNA sensor cGAS by Y-form DNA structures as found in primary HIV-1 cDNA   pp1025 - 1033 Anna-Maria Herzner, Cristina Amparo Hagmann, Marion Goldeck, Steven Wolter, Kirsten Kübler et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3267 Truncated reverse transcription of HIV RNA produces a single-stranded DNA intermediate with a unique Y-DNA stem-loop structure flanked by unpaired guanines. Schlee and colleagues show this Y-DNA activates cGAS to elicit the production of type I interferon. See also: News and Views by Chiang & Gack The transcription factor ATF7 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced epigenetic changes in macrophages involved in innate immunological memory   pp1034 - 1043 Keisuke Yoshida, Toshio Maekawa, Yujuan Zhu, Claire Renard-Guillet, Bruno Chatton et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3257 The role of the stress-induced transcription factor ATF7 in immunity is largely unknown. Ishii and colleagues show that ATF7 represses select innate immunity-related genes, but activity is downregulated during the induction of macrophage memory. TCF-1 upregulation identifies early innate lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow   pp1044 - 1050 Qi Yang, Fengyin Li, Christelle Harly, Shaojun Xing, Longyun Ye et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3248 The cellular and molecular events that drive early innate lymphoid cell (ILC) development remain poorly understood. Bhandoola and colleagues used a reporter mouse to identify a new subset of early ILC progenitors (EILPs) that express high amounts of TCF-1. See also: News and Views by Kaye Innate immunological function of TH2 cells in vivo   pp1051 - 1059 Liying Guo, Yuefeng Huang, Xi Chen, Jane Hu-Li, Joseph F Urban Jr et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3244 T cells are normally dependent on TCR stimulation to be activated. Guo and colleagues now show that memory type 2 helper T cells can respond to interleukin 33 elicited by helminth infection in an TCR-independent way to induce eosinophilic inflammation. CDKN1A regulates Langerhans cell survival and promotes Treg cell generation upon exposure to ionizing irradiation   pp1060 - 1068 Jeremy G Price, Juliana Idoyaga, Hélène Salmon, Brandon Hogstad, Carolina L Bigarella et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3270 Treatment with ionizing radiation can lead to the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells. Merad and colleagues show that Langherans cells resist ionizing radiation via expression of p21 and potentiate the generation and accumulation of Treg cells. See also: News and Views by Zitvogel & Kroemer TCR affinity for thymoproteasome-dependent positively selecting peptides conditions antigen responsiveness in CD8+ T cells   pp1069 - 1076 Kensuke Takada, Francois Van Laethem, Yan Xing, Kazuyuki Akane, Haruhiko Suzuki et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3237 In the thymus, low-affinity T cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement facilitates positive selection of the T cell repertoire. Takahama and colleagues now show TCR responsiveness of mature CD8+ T cells is fine-tuned by their affinity for positively selecting peptides in the thymus. The DNA-binding inhibitor Id3 regulates IL-9 production in CD4+ T cells   pp1077 - 1084 Hiroko Nakatsukasa, Dunfang Zhang, Takashi Maruyama, Hua Chen, Kairong Cui et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3252 The molecular mechanisms that lead to TH9 differentiation remain unclear. Chen and colleagues show that TGF-β- and IL-4-induced downregulation of the transcriptional repressor Id3 is required for TH9 differentiation. A discrete chromatin loop in the mouse Tcra-Tcrd locus shapes the TCRδ and TCRα repertoires   pp1085 - 1093 Liang Chen, Zachary Carico, Han-Yu Shih and Michael S Krangel doi:10.1038/ni.3232 Tcra and Tcrd segments are embedded within a single locus but undergo distinct temporal rearrangements. Krangel and colleagues show that chromatin looping mediated by CTCF regulates the availability of variable gene segments to the RAG recombinase. Histone reader BRWD1 targets and restricts recombination to the Igk locus   pp1094 - 1103 Malay Mandal, Keith M Hamel, Mark Maienschein-Cline, Azusa Tanaka, Grace Teng et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3249 V(D)J recombination is developmentally regulated and occurs at restricted sites within the genome. Clark and colleagues show that the histone reader BRWD1 is required for precise positioning of nucleosomes and targeting of RAG recombinase proteins within the Igk locus. See also: News and Views by Fisher & Bassing Advertisement Nature Reviews special on Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy This Collection and Animation describe the immune response to tumours and new anticancer strategies based on immunotherapeutics. Nature Collections: Cancer immunotherapy Animation: Tumour immunology and immunotherapy Collection and Animation produced with support of a grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb     Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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