| | Cell biology: Nuclear dilemma resolved
After cell division, membranes become fused around the nucleus to encapsulate the cell's chromosomes. It emerges that this process is regulated by the ESCRT-III protein complex.
| Cell biology: Receptors for selective recycling
Two studies show that the engulfment of certain intracellular membranous structures by vesicles called autophagosomes regulates the structures' degradation in a selective, receptor-protein-mediated manner.
| Materials science: Round the bend with microwaves
Simulations reveal that microwaves propagating through a waveguide can travel around sharp bends in the device without being reflected. The finding might open the way to technologies that exploit this uncommon phenomenon.
| Cloning and variation of ground state intestinal stem cells
Novel technology to rapidly clone patient-specific, 'ground state' stem cells of columnar epithelia reveals their proliferative potential, remarkably precise and origin-dependent lineage commitment as well as genomic stability, despite extensive culturing, thereby skirting limitations associated with pluripotent stem cells.
| Conversion of abiraterone to D4A drives anti-tumour activity in prostate cancer
The drug abiraterone is converted to Δ4-abiraterone (D4A) in mice and patients with prostate cancer, which has more potent anti-tumour activity and may lead to more effective therapies.
| Spastin and ESCRT-III coordinate mitotic spindle disassembly and nuclear envelope sealing
ESCRT-III, a protein complex best known for membrane constriction and sealing during various cellular processes, mediates reassembly of the nuclear envelope during late anaphase.
| Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels
The central nervous system undergoes constant immune surveillance, but the route that immune cells take to exit the brain has been unclear as it had been thought to lack a classical lymphatic drainage system; here functional lymphatic vessels able to carry both fluid and immune cells from the cerebrospinal fluid are shown to be located in the brain meninges.
| Condensin-driven remodelling of X chromosome topology during dosage compensation
Genome-wide chromosome conformation capture analysis in C. elegans reveals that the dosage compensation complex, a condensin complex, remodels the X chromosomes of hermaphrodites into a sex-specific topology distinct from autosomes while regulating gene expression chromosome-wide.
| Human body epigenome maps reveal noncanonical DNA methylation variation OPEN
As part of the Epigenome Roadmap Project, genome-wide maps of DNA methylation and transcriptomes together with genomic DNA sequencing of 18 different primary human tissue types from 4 individuals are presented; analysis reveals widespread differential methylation of CG sites between tissues, and the presence of non-CG methylation in adult tissues.
| Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum turnover by selective autophagy
The protein FAM134B is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident receptor that facilitates ER autophagy, and downregulation of this protein (mutations of which are also known to cause sensory neuropathy in humans) results in expanded ER structures and degeneration of mouse sensory neurons.
| ESCRT-III controls nuclear envelope reformation
The ESCRT-III complex is implicated in the reformation of the nuclear envelope; the CHMP2A component of ESCRT-III is directed to the forming nuclear envelope through classical ESCRT-assembly mechanisms, with the help of the p97 complex component UFD1, and provides an activity essential for nuclear envelope reformation.
| Receptor-mediated selective autophagy degrades the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus
In yeast, the novel protein Atg40 is enriched in the cortical and cytoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and loads these ER subdomains into autophagosomes to facilitate ER autophagy; Atg39 localizes to the perinuclear ER and induces autophagic sequestration of part of the nucleus, thus ensuring cell survival under nitrogen-deprived conditions.
| A noisy linear map underlies oscillations in cell size and gene expression in bacteria
Quantification of single-cell growth over long periods of time in E. coli shows transient oscillations in cell size, with periods stretching across more than ten generations; a noisy negative feedback on cell-size control is proposed in which cells with a small initial size tend to divide later than cells with a large initial size with implications for the genetic and physiological processes required.
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1st Nature Immunology - Cellular & Molecular Immunology Joint Conference:
Inflammation, Stress and Immune Homeostasis
June 17-19, 2015 | The Swan Lake Hotel, Hefei, China
Register Now! | | | | | | | | | | | | | Resonant interactions and chaotic rotation of Pluto's small moons
Analyses of the interactions and rotations of Pluto's four small moons Styx, Nix, Kerberos and Hydra are reported.
M. R. Showalter, D. P. Hamilton | Lymphatic vessels arise from specialized angioblasts within a venous niche
The lymphatic endothelium is thought to arise entirely from trans-differentiation of the venous endothelium; a new mechanism of lymphatic vessel formation is identified in zebrafish, whereby the lymphatic vessels derive from specialized angioblasts within the floor of the cardinal vein.
J. Nicenboim, G. Malkinson, T. Lupo et al. | A prefrontal–thalamo–hippocampal circuit for goal-directed spatial navigation
Trajectory-dependent firing of neurons within the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus–hippocampus circuit predicted subsequent running direction, and disruption of this circuit reduced predictive firing in the hippocampus, suggesting that the thalamus is a key node in the integration of signals during goal-oriented navigation.
Hiroshi T. Ito, Sheng-Jia Zhang, Menno P. Witter et al. | Cardiac lymphatics are heterogeneous in origin and respond to injury
The lymphatic system is thought to be derived by transdifferentiation of venous endothelium; this study shows that the origin of cardiac lymphatics is in fact more heterogeneous, including both venous and non-venous origins and that lymphangiogenesis occurs in the adult heart following myocardial infarction and can be enhanced to improve heart function.
Linda Klotz, Sophie Norman, Joaquim Miguel Vieira et al. | | Greenland supraglacial lake drainages triggered by hydrologically induced basal slip
A dense network of GPS observations shows that rapid lake drainage events on the western Greenland Ice Sheet are preceded by period of ice-sheet uplift and/or enhanced basal slip.
Laura A. Stevens, Mark D. Behn, Jeffrey J. McGuire et al. | Ancient proteins resolve the evolutionary history of Darwin's South American ungulates
Protein sequences preserved in two Quaternary taxa, Macrauchenia and Toxodon, resolve the evolutionary history of South American native ungulates.
Frido Welker, Matthew J. Collins, Jessica A. Thomas et al. | New cosmogenic burial ages for Sterkfontein Member 2 Australopithecus and Member 5 Oldowan
Isochron burial dating with cosmogenic nuclides 26Al and 10Be shows that the skeleton of the australopithecine individual known as 'Little Foot' is around 3.67 million years old, coeval with early Australopithecus from East Africa; a manuport dated to 2.18 million years ago from the Oldowan tool assemblage conforms with the oldest age previously suggested by fauna.
Darryl E. Granger, Ryan J. Gibbon, Kathleen Kuman et al. | eIF3 targets cell-proliferation messenger RNAs for translational activation or repression
Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3)—the deregulation of which has been linked with diverse cancers—is shown to bind to and direct the specialized translation of a subset of messenger RNAs, primarily involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and can exert either translational activation or repression.
Amy S. Y. Lee, Philip J. Kranzusch, Jamie H. D. Cate | Disruption of DNA-methylation-dependent long gene repression in Rett syndrome
Rett syndrome is caused by mutation of the MECP2 gene that codes for a protein that binds methylated DNA; this study reveals that MeCP2 affects the expression of long genes, which often serve neuronal functions.
Harrison W. Gabel, Benyam Kinde, Hume Stroud et al. | Niche-induced cell death and epithelial phagocytosis regulate hair follicle stem cell pool
Mouse hair follicles in the skin cycle between growth and regression, while maintaining a pool of stem cells for continued regeneration; here, live imaging is used to show that a combination of niche-induced stem cell apoptosis and epithelial phagocytosis underlies regression, regulating the stem cell pool.
Kailin R. Mesa, Panteleimon Rompolas, Giovanni Zito et al. | Dissemination, divergence and establishment of H7N9 influenza viruses in China
Influenza surveillance over 15 cities across 5 provinces in China from October 2013 to July 2014 shows that the virus has diverged into distinct clades, becoming established in chickens and also disseminating to wider geographic regions.
Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, Boping Zhou, Jia Wang et al. | Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps
New anomalocaridid specimens from the Early Ordovician Fezouata Biota of Morocco show well-preserved trunk anatomy, revealing evidence for the evolution of arthropod limbs.
Peter Van Roy, Allison C. Daley, Derek E. G. Briggs | Observation of the rare Bs0 →µ+µ− decay from the combined analysis of CMS and LHCb data OPEN
Combined analysis of proton-proton collision data from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN by the CMS and LHCb collaborations leads to the observation of the extremely rare decay of the strange B meson into muons; the result is compatible with the standard model of particle physics, and does not show any signs of new physics, such as supersymmetry.
CMS Collaboration, V. Khachatryan, A.M. Sirunyan et al. | Interaction and signalling between a cosmopolitan phytoplankton and associated bacteria
Molecular characterization of interactions between a globally distributed marine diatom and its bacterial consortium.
S. A. Amin, L. R. Hmelo, H. M. van Tol et al. | The hypoxic cancer secretome induces pre-metastatic bone lesions through lysyl oxidase
Metastasis to the bone of certain breast cancers can be driven by the enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) produced by primary tumour cells.
Thomas R. Cox, Robin M. H. Rumney, Erwin M. Schoof et al. | | | | |
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