| | Cell biology: The micronucleus gets its big break
Extensive chromosomal rearrangement – chromothripsis – is seen in several cancers. Imaging and sequencing of single cells shows that this phenomenon can occur inside cellular anomalies known as micronuclei.
| Cancer: Opening LOX to metastasis
New findings implicate the enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX), secreted by oxygen-deprived breast cancer cells, in inducing bone lesions that precede and facilitate the spread of the cancer cells to the bone.
| Microbiology: Exclusive networks in the sea
The identification of an exchange of nutrients and signalling molecules between a planktonic alga and a bacterium demonstrates that targeted mutualistic interactions occur across domains of life in the oceans.
| Cancer: Precise control of localized signals
The tumour-suppressor protein PTEN is mostly found in the cell cytoplasm, tethered to endosome vesicles. This localization regulates the enzyme's activity towards specific lipids and influences its control of cell growth.
| A prefrontal–thalamo–hippocampal circuit for goal-directed spatial navigation
Trajectory-dependent firing of neurons within the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus–hippocampus circuit predicted subsequent running direction, and disruption of this circuit reduced predictive firing in the hippocampus, suggesting that the thalamus is a key node in the integration of signals during goal-oriented navigation.
| Chromothripsis from DNA damage in micronuclei
The mechanism for chromothripsis, "shattered" chromosomes that can be observed in cancer cells, is unknown; here, using live-cell imaging and single-cell sequencing, chromothripsis is shown to occur after a chromosome is isolated into a micronucleus, an abnormal nuclear structure.
| Cell-intrinsic adaptation of lipid composition to local crowding drives social behaviour
Little is known about how individual cells within a group of cells exposed to the same external signals can produce a specific individual response to their local microenvironment; a quantitative analysis of cell crowding reveals that single cells can autonomously sense local crowding though their ability to spread and activate focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which ultimately results in changes in cellular lipid composition.
| Improving survival by exploiting tumour dependence on stabilized mutant p53 for treatment
Novel hotspot mutant p53 gain-of-function mouse model shows that tumours depend on its sustained expression, and genetic and pharmacological approaches reveal mutant p53 as an actionable cancer drug target.
| Interaction and signalling between a cosmopolitan phytoplankton and associated bacteria
Molecular characterization of interactions between a globally distributed marine diatom and its bacterial consortium.
| The hypoxic cancer secretome induces pre-metastatic bone lesions through lysyl oxidase
Metastasis to the bone of certain breast cancers can be driven by the enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) produced by primary tumour cells.
| | New species from Ethiopia further expands Middle Pliocene hominin diversity
A new hominin species, Australopithecus deyiremeda, which lived between 3.5 and 3.3 million years ago, at around the same time as species such as Au. afarensis ('Lucy'), is discovered in Ethiopia; its morphology suggests that some dental features traditionally associated with later genera such as Paranthropus and Homo emerged earlier than previously thought.
Yohannes Haile-Selassie, Luis Gibert, Stephanie M. Melillo et al. | Whole–genome characterization of chemoresistant ovarian cancer
Whole-genome sequencing of tumour and germline DNA samples from 92 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer identifies frequent gene breakages that inactivate the tumour suppressors RB1, NF1, RAD51B and PTEN, and contribute to chemotherapy resistance; acquired resistance was associated with diverse mechanisms such as reversions of germline BRCA1/2 mutations and overexpression of the drug efflux pump MDR1.
Ann-Marie Patch, Elizabeth L. Christie, Dariush Etemadmoghadam et al. | | Coordination of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis during ageing in C. elegans
Mitophagy, a selective type of autophagy targeting mitochondria for degradation, interfaces with mitochondrial biogenesis to regulate mitochondrial content and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Konstantinos Palikaras, Eirini Lionaki, Nektarios Tavernarakis | A kiloparsec-scale internal shock collision in the jet of a nearby radio galaxy
Observations of a collision between two knots in the jet of nearby radio galaxy 3C 264 support the internal shock model of how the jet plasma is energized.
Eileen T. Meyer, Markos Georganopoulos, William B. Sparks et al. | Global genetic analysis in mice unveils central role for cilia in congenital heart disease
A forward genetic screen in fetal mice to identify genes involved in congenital heart disease (CHD) reveals that a large proportion of genes associated with CHD are related to cilia and cilia-transduced cell signalling, with potential implications for the human disease.
You Li, Nikolai T. Klena, George C. Gabriel et al. | MAD2L2 controls DNA repair at telomeres and DNA breaks by inhibiting 5′ end resection
MAD2L2 regulates DNA repair at deprotected telomeres and at ionizing-radiation-induced double-stranded DNA breaks by inhibiting resection of the 5′ ends; the ends are thus shunted into the non-homologous end-joining pathway.
Vera Boersma, Nathalie Moatti, Sandra Segura-Bayona et al. | Coordinated regulation of bidirectional COPI transport at the Golgi by CDC42
The COPI complex, which has a role in retrograde transport through the Golgi, is shown to also mediate anterograde tubular transport through the Golgi; in response to external stimuli, the small GTPase CDC42 acts as an essential modulator of bidirectional Golgi transport, and promotes the sorting of cargoes destined for anterograde transport into the tubules at the expense of those targeted for retrograde transport.
Seung-Yeol Park, Jia-Shu Yang, Angela B. Schmider et al. | REV7 counteracts DNA double-strand break resection and affects PARP inhibition
Loss of REV7 is shown to regulate end resection of double-stranded DNA breaks in BRCA1-deficient cells, leading to PARP inhibitor resistance and restoration of homologous recombination; REV7 dictates pathway choice in BRCA1-deficient cells and during immunoglobulin class switching.
Guotai Xu, J. Ross Chapman, Inger Brandsma et al. | Robots that can adapt like animals
An intelligent trial-and-error learning algorithm is presented that allows robots to adapt in minutes to compensate for a wide variety of types of damage.
Antoine Cully, Jeff Clune, Danesh Tarapore et al. | Ocean impact on decadal Atlantic climate variability revealed by sea-level observations
The circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean, interpreted via the sea level gradient along the US coast, is found to respond to atmospheric drivers from the North Atlantic Oscillation, and in turn influences the oceanic temperature changes characterized by Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; in this way, ocean circulation acts as the intermediary between atmospheric and ocean oscillations.
Gerard D. McCarthy, Ivan D. Haigh, Joël J.-M. Hirschi et al. | Counteraction of antibiotic production and degradation stabilizes microbial communities
Mathematical modelling and simulations reveal that including antibiotic degraders in ecological models of microbial species interaction allows the system to robustly move towards an intermixed stable state, more representative of real-world observations.
Eric D. Kelsic, Jeffrey Zhao, Kalin Vetsigian et al. | Extreme ultraviolet high-harmonic spectroscopy of solids
Intense light interacting with a thin film of silicon dioxide is used to generate broadband extreme ultraviolet radiation; the spectra reveal detailed information on the energy dispersion of the conduction band of silicon dioxide, which is at present inaccessible by conventional photoemission spectroscopy.
T. T. Luu, M. Garg, S. Yu. Kruchinin et al. | Atomic structure of anthrax protective antigen pore elucidates toxin translocation
Cryo-electron microscopy determination of anthrax toxin protective antigen pore structure at a resolution of 2.9 Å, revealing the catalytic Φ-clamp and the membrane-spanning translocation channel.
Jiansen Jiang, Bradley L. Pentelute, R. John Collier et al. | Defining fundamental steps in the assembly of the Drosophila RNAi enzyme complex
The assembly of single Drosophila RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs) is reconstituted using seven purified proteins, revealing that chaperones help stabilize the interaction of the protein heterodimer Dicer-2–R2D2 bound to the short interfering RNA with Ago2.
Shintaro Iwasaki, Hiroshi M. Sasaki, Yuriko Sakaguchi et al. | Diverse coupling of neurons to populations in sensory cortex
Exploring the relationship between population coupling and neuronal activity reveals that neighbouring neurons can differ in their coupling to the overall firing rate of the population, the circuitry of which may potentially help to explain the complex activity patterns in cortical populations.
Michael Okun, Nicholas A. Steinmetz, Lee Cossell et al. | | | | |
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