Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Contents: 2015 Volume #22 pp 273-347

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TABLE OF CONTENTS April 2015 Volume 22, Issue 4 News and Views Research Highlights Articles Brief Communications Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   News and Views Top Structures of human DNA polymerases ν and θ expose their end game   pp273 - 275 William A Beard and Samuel H Wilson doi:10.1038/nsmb.3006 Although the two B-family human DNA polymerases, pol δ and pol ε, are responsible for the bulk of nuclear genome replication, at least 14 additional polymerases have roles in nuclear DNA repair and replication. In this issue, newly reported crystal structures of two specialized A-family polymerases, pol ν and pol θ, expose these enzymes' strategies for handling aberrant DNA ends. See also: Article by Lee et al. | Article by Zahn et al. Methylation gets into rhythm with NAD+-SIRT1   pp275 - 277 Luisa Tasselli and Katrin F Chua doi:10.1038/nsmb.3004 Circadian regulation of epigenetic chromatin marks drives daily transcriptional oscillation of thousands of genes and is intimately linked to cellular metabolism and bioenergetics. New work links circadian fluctuations in the activity of the SIRT1 deacetylase, a sensor of the cellular energy state, to histone-methylation changes and the circadian expression of clock-controlled genes. See also: Article by Aguilar-Arnal et al. How to open a proton pore—more than S4?   pp277 - 278 Marcel P Goldschen-Ohm and Baron Chanda doi:10.1038/nsmb.2997 Pioneering studies in voltage-gated potassium channels have described movement of the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) S4 helix across the membrane electric field in molecular detail, but much less is known regarding opening of the intrinsic proton pore within VSDs of voltage-dependent proton channels. By systematically probing local kinematics, a new study reveals that movements in helix S1 correlate with pore opening and are distinct from voltage-sensing movements of the charged S4 segment. See also: Article by Mony et al. Micro-terminator: 'Hasta la vista, lncRNA!'   pp279 - 281 Sven Diederichs doi:10.1038/nsmb.3001 Transcriptional termination is an important yet incompletely understood aspect of gene expression. Proudfoot, Jopling and colleagues now identify a new Microprocessor-mediated mechanism of transcriptional termination, which acts specifically on long noncoding transcripts that serve as microRNA precursors. See also: Article by Dhir et al. Structural & Molecular Biology JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Associate Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute Research Engineer Position in Structural Biology Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Postdoctoral Fellow National University of Singapore (NUS) Exciting PhD Positions in Modern Biology VBC PhD Programme More Science jobs from Structural & Molecular Biology EVENT Thiol-based redox switches in life sciences 18.09.15 Sant Feliu de Guixols, Spain More science events from Research Highlights Top Insecticidal RNAs in green disguise | Helping dengue along its way | Keeping autophagy at bay Articles Top A specialized molecular motion opens the Hv1 voltage-gated proton channel   pp283 - 290 Laetitia Mony, Thomas K Berger and Ehud Y Isacoff doi:10.1038/nsmb.2978 Voltage- and patch-clamp fluorometry reveal structural rearrangements of the S1 helix and its surroundings that are important for gating of the Hv1 voltage-gated proton channel. See also: News and Views by Goldschen-Ohm & Chanda Evidence that processing of ribonucleotides in DNA by topoisomerase 1 is leading-strand specific   pp291 - 297 Jessica S Williams, Anders R Clausen, Scott A Lujan, Lisette Marjavaara, Alan B Clark et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2989 In the absence of RNase H2, ribonucleotides incorporated during DNA replication can be processed by Top1. This activity is directed to the nascent leading strand, because gaps in the lagging strand would limit torsional tension. How a homolog of high-fidelity replicases conducts mutagenic DNA synthesis   pp298 - 303 Young-Sam Lee, Yang Gao and Wei Yang doi:10.1038/nsmb.2985 Though related to high-fidelity replicases, DNA Pol ν performs mutagenic DNA synthesis. These properties are now explained by structural and biochemistry analyses of human DNA Pol ? revealing conformational changes involving the finger and thumb domains. See also: News and Views by Beard & Wilson Human DNA polymerase θ grasps the primer terminus to mediate DNA repair   pp304 - 311 Karl E Zahn, April M Averill, Pierre Aller, Richard D Wood and Sylvie Doublié doi:10.1038/nsmb.2993 DNA polymerase θ is involved in alternative end-joining repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Structural and biochemical analyses shed light on pol θ's ability to prime DNA synthesis from nonoptimal base-pairing. See also: News and Views by Beard & Wilson NAD+-SIRT1 control of H3K4 trimethylation through circadian deacetylation of MLL1   pp312 - 318 Lorena Aguilar-Arnal, Sayako Katada, Ricardo Orozco-Solis and Paolo Sassone-Corsi doi:10.1038/nsmb.2990 MLL1 regulates circadian promoters by depositing H3K4 trimethyl marks, whose levels are also modulated by the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. SIRT1 is now shown to promote circadian deacetylation of MLL1, thus affecting MLL1's methyltransferase activity. See also: News and Views by Tasselli & Chua Microprocessor mediates transcriptional termination of long noncoding RNA transcripts hosting microRNAs   pp319 - 327 Ashish Dhir, Somdutta Dhir, Nick J Proudfoot and Catherine L Jopling doi:10.1038/nsmb.2982 The finding that miRNA transcripts originating from long-noncoding-RNA loci use Microprocessor, rather than canonical cleavage and polyadenylation, to terminate transcription establishes a new RNase III–mediated transcriptional-termination pathway. See also: News and Views by Diederichs Small-RNA loading licenses Argonaute for assembly into a transcriptional silencing complex   pp328 - 335 Daniel Holoch and Danesh Moazed doi:10.1038/nsmb.2979 New biochemical and genetic analyses in S. pombe show that Argonaute must be loaded with small RNAs to promote association of the GW-protein components required to assemble a functional transcriptional silencing complex. High-resolution structure of the Escherichia coli ribosome   pp336 - 341 Jonas Noeske, Michael R Wasserman, Daniel S Terry, Roger B Altman, Scott C Blanchard et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2994 High-resolution structure of the E. coli ribosome highlights rRNA and protein modifications and provides details on solvation characteristics and the structural impacts of ribosome modifications. Brief Communications Top Structural insights into the role of rRNA modifications in protein synthesis and ribosome assembly   pp342 - 344 Yury S Polikanov, Sergey V Melnikov, Dieter Söll and Thomas A Steitz doi:10.1038/nsmb.2992 High-resolution crystal structures of Thermus thermophilus ribosomes reveal previously unseen modifications of rRNA and their contacts with mRNA and tRNAs or the protein pY. Structural organization of the dynein-dynactin complex bound to microtubules   pp345 - 347 Saikat Chowdhury, Stephanie A Ketcham, Trina A Schroer and Gabriel C Lander doi:10.1038/nsmb.2996 EM analyses reveal the architecture of cytoplasmic dynein in complex with dynactin and the BicD2 cargo adaptor on microtubules, showing the quaternary complex positioned for unidirectional movement and cargo recruitment. Top Advertisement Don't let your data go to waste... Scientific Data helps researchers make the most of their data, offering publication in a peer reviewed open access journal. We welcome data of all sizes, from all areas of science. What's unique? A new type of article providing detailed descriptions of scientifically valuable datasets, maximising data discoverability and reuse.  Discover what we can do for your data     Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. 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