Nature Reviews Microbiology contents May 2015 Volume 13 Number 5 pp 249-326

TABLE OF CONTENTS
May 2015 Volume 13 Number 5
Impact Factor 23.317 *	In this issue Research Highlights News and Analysis Reviews Perspectives Also this month Article series: Microbial biofilms  Featured article: Living in the matrix: assembly and control of Vibrio cholerae biofilms Jennifer K. Teschler, David Zamorano-Sánchez, Andrew S. Utada, Christopher J. A. Warner, Gerard C. L. Wong, Roger G. Linington & Fitnat H. Yildiz
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Bacterial genetics: Metalloregulatory riboswitches p249 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3478 Three new studies show that bacteria use selective transition metal-sensing riboswitches to balance the intracellular levels of potentially toxic metal ions. PDF Bacterial evolution: Cutting out the carBs feeds a bistable switch p250 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3476 A metabolic bifurcation point functions as a bistable switch that results in phenotypic switching in a Pseudomonas fluorescens population. PDF Antimicrobials: Targeting of C. difficile made easy p250 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3481 A new study describes the development of a modified bacteriocin that specifically targets and kills the major nosocomial pathogen Clostridium difficile. PDF Parasite biology: Dual-core centrosomes power cell division p252 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3470 A new study shows that that an unusual bipartite centrosome structure coordinates replication and cytokinesis in apicomplexan parasites. PDF Microbiome: Taking advantage of quorum sensing p252 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3477 A new study shows how altering the levels of quorum sensing signals can modulate the composition of the antibiotic-treated gut microbiota. PDF IN BRIEF Parasite physiology: RIFINs promote rosette formation during malaria | Viral pathogenesis: HCV RNA acts as a miR-122 sponge | Viral infection: CRISPR-Cas9 defence against HIV-1 | Archaeal genetics: Increasing diversity | Structural biology: Where to make the cut | Bacterial genetics: Pneumococci switch it up PDF Microbiology JOBS of the week Research positions (1 Posdoc & 1 PhD) in stream biofilm ecology Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Associate Professor, Physician in chief, Infectious Diseases Service CHUV Lausanne Postdoctoral Position - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX Executive Director & Chief Executive Officer The American Society for Microbiology Postdoctoral fellows Harvard Medical School More Science jobs from Microbiology EVENT VI International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology - BioMicroWorld2015 10.28.15 Barcelona, Spain More science events from
NEWS AND ANALYSIS		Top
GENOME WATCH Bugs full of viruses Astrid Gall p253 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3479 This month's Genome Watch highlights how high-throughput sequencing has provided new insights into the diversity, evolution and genome organization of arthropod viruses. PDF
REVIEWS		Top
Article series: Microbial biofilms Living in the matrix: assembly and control of Vibrio cholerae biofilms Jennifer K. Teschler et al. p255 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3433 Bacteria form biofilms as a strategy for survival and persistence. In this Review, Yildiz and colleagues discuss Vibrio cholerae surface attachment and the biofilm matrix components. They also review the regulatory network that governs V. cholerae biofilm formation, including the transcriptional regulators of key genes involved in this process, as well as the roles of small nucleotides and small RNAs. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options Ana L. Flores-Mireles, Jennifer N. Walker, Michael Caparon & Scott J. Hultgren p269 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3432 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens. In this Review, Hultgren and colleagues discuss how basic science studies are elucidating the molecular mechanisms of UTI pathogenesis and how this knowledge is being used for the development of novel clinical treatments for UTIs. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
Mechanisms of ribosome rescue in bacteria Kenneth C. Keiler p285 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3438 In bacteria, ribosome stalling is a frequent event that threatens viability. In this Review, Kenneth Keiler discusses the triggers of ribosome stalling, the physiological consequences of stalling and the mechanisms used by bacteria to rescue stalled ribosomes, including trans-translation and the alternative pathways mediated by alternative ribosome-rescue factor A (ArfA) and ArfB. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Recent functional insights into the role of (p)ppGpp in bacterial physiology Vasili Hauryliuk et al. p298 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3448 In this Review, Gerdes and colleagues discuss the multifaceted alarmones guanosine tetraphosphate and guanosine pentaphosphate (collectively referred to as (p)ppGpp) and their functions in the regulation of bacterial physiology, including their synthesis and degradation, as well as their role in transcriptional regulation, in GTP biosynthesis and in the formation of bacterial persisters. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
PERSPECTIVES		Top
OPINION Tackling antibiotic resistance: the environmental framework Thomas U. Berendonk et al. p310 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3439 Antibiotic resistance constitutes a threat to human and animal health worldwide. Here, Manaia and colleagues report the main findings of the European COST (Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action DARE (Detecting Evolutionary Hotspots of Antibiotic Resistance in Europe) and discuss the need for improved sampling of the environment and more comprehensive databases, as well as the policy and management options that should be considered as priorities to tackle antibiotic resistance in the environment. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
OPINION An evolutionary link between capsular biogenesis and surface motility in bacteria Rym Agrebi, Morgane Wartel, Céline Brochier-Armanet & Tâm Mignot p318 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3431 Mignot and colleagues present an evolutionary scenario to explain the emergence of the two distinct machines — the Agl-Glt and Agl-Nfs complexes — that are involved in motility and assembly of the spore coat in Myxococcus xanthus. They argue that elucidation of the composition and mechanism of action of these complexes will improve our understanding of the evolution of macromolecular complexes. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
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