Nature Climate Change Contents May 2015 Volume 5 Number 5 pp 387-486

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TABLE OF CONTENTS May 2015 Volume 5, Issue 5 Editorial Correspondence Commentaries Feature Books and Arts Research Highlights News and Views Perspectives Review Letters Articles Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Come to Paris (7-10 July 2015) to attend the international scientific conference "Our Common Future under Climate Change". Discuss and exchange with scientists from all disciplines on the various aspects of climate change in the broader context of global change. Don't miss this key milestone leading up to COP 21. More information at http://www.commonfuture-paris2015.org     Editorial Top From stalled progress to epic wins p387 doi:10.1038/nclimate2644 Global energy sector emissions have stalled. But urgent questions remain about the best way to tackle climate change. Correspondence Top Opposing local precipitation extremes pp389 - 390 Feifei Zheng, Seth Westra and Michael Leonard doi:10.1038/nclimate2579 IAMs and peer review p390 Richard A. Rosen doi:10.1038/nclimate2582 Long history of IAM comparisons p391 Steven J. Smith, Leon E. Clarke, James A Edmonds, Jiang Kejun, Elmar Kriegler, Toshihiko Masui, Keywan Riahi, Priyadarshi R. Shukla, Massimo Tavoni, Detlef P. van Vuuren and John P. Weyant doi:10.1038/nclimate2576 Strategies for changing the intellectual climate pp391 - 392 Myanna Lahsen, Andrew Mathews, Michael R. Dove, Ben Orlove, Rajindra Puri, Jessica Barnes, Pamela McElwee, Frances Moore, Jessica O'Reilly and Karina Yager doi:10.1038/nclimate2596 See also: Correspondence by Noel Castree Power in climate change research pp392 - 393 Lauren A. Rickards doi:10.1038/nclimate2557 See also: Correspondence by Noel Castree Reply to 'Strategies for changing the intellectual climate' and 'Power in climate change research' p393 Noel Castree doi:10.1038/nclimate2608 Commentaries Top Robust warming projections despite the recent hiatus pp394 - 396 Matthew H. England, Jules B. Kajtar and Nicola Maher doi:10.1038/nclimate2575 The hiatus in warming has led to questions about the reliability of long-term projections, yet here we show they are statistically unchanged when considering only ensemble members that capture the recent hiatus. This demonstrates the robust nature of twenty-first century warming projections. Pricing climate risk mitigation pp396 - 398 Joseph E. Aldy doi:10.1038/nclimate2540 Adaptation and geoengineering responses to climate change should be taken into account when estimating the social cost of carbon. Representation of nitrogen in climate change forecasts pp398 - 401 Benjamin Z. Houlton, Alison R. Marklein and Edith Bai doi:10.1038/nclimate2538 The models used by the IPCC are yet to provide realistic predictions for nitrogen emissions from the land to the air and water. Natural isotopic benchmarks offer a simple solution to this emerging global imperative. Linking coasts and seas to address ocean deoxygenation pp401 - 403 Lisa A. Levin and Denise L. Breitburg doi:10.1038/nclimate2595 Accelerated oxygen loss in both coastal and open oceans is generating complex biological responses; future understanding and management will require holistic integration of currently fragmented oxygen observation and research programmes. Feature Top Changing course pp405 - 407 Elisabeth Jeffries doi:10.1038/nclimate2630 Health improvement and nutritional change could be an innovative route to emissions reduction. It makes sense to combine these previously divorced aims by measuring the carbon impacts of diet. Books and Arts Top Energy ethics p409 Global Energy Justice: Problems, Principles, and Practices by Benjamin K. Sovacool and Michael H. Dworkin Richard York doi:10.1038/nclimate2609 Research Highlights Top Public opinion: Wealthy worries | Climate policy: Military futures | Carbon cycle: Amazonian emissions | Landscape Emissions: Wetland footprints News and Views Top Oceanography: Fresh news from the Atlantic pp411 - 412 Didier Swingedouw doi:10.1038/nclimate2626 The Atlantic overturning circulation plays a key role in large-scale climate but how it varies is not well known. Now a study proposes that the weakening it may have experienced in the late 1970s is unprecedented over the last millennium. See also: Article by Stefan Rahmstorf et al. JOBS of the week Senior Fellow - Parkinson's Disease Research University of Washington Research Assistant California Institute of Technology Independent Research Fellowships The University of York Graduate Studentship University of Oxford More Science jobs from EVENT Chronic Cough and COPD 2015 16.06.15 London, UK More science events from   Perspectives Top Climate change games as tools for education and engagement pp413 - 418 Jason S. Wu and Joey J. Lee doi:10.1038/nclimate2566 Whether simple or sophisticated, educational games can help inform the public about climate change, its impacts, and what can be done about it. Fossil fuels in a trillion tonne world pp419 - 423 Vivian Scott, R. Stuart Haszeldine, Simon F. B. Tett and Andreas Oschlies doi:10.1038/nclimate2578 This Perspective assesses the global balance between fossil-fuel carbon supply and the sufficiency of carbon stores for climate-change mitigation. Review Top Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world pp424 - 430 Mountain Research Initiative EDW Working Group doi:10.1038/nclimate2563 In this Review, temperature trends in mountainous regions around the world and the mechanisms that contribute to elevation-dependent warming are discussed. Letters Top National greenhouse-gas accounting for effective climate policy on international trade pp431 - 435 Astrid Kander, Magnus Jiborn, Daniel D. Moran and Thomas O. Wiedmann doi:10.1038/nclimate2555 A consumption-based carbon accounting method that takes into account how national policy changes affect emissions redraws the global emissions map. Improved representation of investment decisions in assessments of CO2 mitigation pp436 - 440 Gokul C. Iyer, Leon E. Clarke, James A. Edmonds, Brian P. Flannery, Nathan E. Hultman, Haewon C. McJeon and David G. Victor doi:10.1038/nclimate2553 Assessments of emissions mitigation patterns have largely ignored differences in investment risk across technologies and regions. With a model accounting for such differences in the electricity generation sector, research now finds that mitigation costs are higher than with no risk variation, and highlights the importance of institutional reforms to lower investment risks. Stochastic integrated assessment of climate tipping points indicates the need for strict climate policy pp441 - 444 Thomas S. Lontzek, Yongyang Cai, Kenneth L. Judd and Timothy M. Lenton doi:10.1038/nclimate2570 Analysis of the uncertainty associated with the timing of climate tipping points suggests that carbon taxes need to be increased by a minimum of 50%. If considering a rapid, high-impact tipping event, these taxes should be more than 200% higher. This implies that the discount rate to delay stochastic tipping points is much lower than that for deterministic climate damages. Causal feedbacks in climate change pp445 - 448 Egbert H. van Nes, Marten Scheffer, Victor Brovkin, Timothy M. Lenton, Hao Ye, Ethan Deyle and George Sugihara doi:10.1038/nclimate2568 Although the correlation between greenhouse gases and temperature is well documented, it is difficult to show causality from the data. This study uses insight from dynamical systems theory to show that internal Earth system mechanisms largely control climate dynamics, rather than orbital forcing, and temperature does have a reinforcing feedback on greenhouse-gas concentrations. Equilibrium climate sensitivity in light of observations over the warming hiatus pp449 - 453 Daniel J. A. Johansson, Brian C. O’Neill, Claudia Tebaldi and Olle Häggström doi:10.1038/nclimate2573 The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report revised estimates of equilibrium climate sensitivity as a result of the ongoing warming hiatus. This study investigates how accumulating observations affect climate sensitivity estimates and finds that although there is a small downwards adjustment in the sensitivity, the lower bound of the 90% range is unchanged. Positive but variable sensitivity of August surface ozone to large-scale warming in the southeast United States pp454 - 458 Tzung-May Fu, Yiqi Zheng, Fabien Paulot, Jingqiu Mao and Robert M. Yantosca doi:10.1038/nclimate2567 The sensitivity of surface ozone, a major pollutant, to climate warming is shown to be positive but variable over the southeast United States. Optimal stomatal behaviour around the world pp459 - 464 Yan-Shih Lin, Belinda E. Medlyn, Remko A. Duursma, I. Colin Prentice, Han Wang, Sofia Baig, Derek Eamus, Victor Resco de Dios, Patrick Mitchell, David S. Ellsworth, Maarten Op de Beeck, Göran Wallin, Johan Uddling, Lasse Tarvainen, Maj-Lena Linderson, Lucas A. Cernusak, Jesse B. Nippert, Troy W. Ocheltree, David T. Tissue, Nicolas K. Martin-StPaul, Alistair Rogers, Jeff M. Warren, Paolo De Angelis, Kouki Hikosaka, Qingmin Han, Yusuke Onoda, Teresa E. Gimeno, Craig V. M. Barton, Jonathan Bennie, Damien Bonal, Alexandre Bosc, Markus Löw, Cate Macinins-Ng, Ana Rey, Lucy Rowland, Samantha A. Setterfield, Sabine Tausz-Posch, Joana Zaragoza-Castells, Mark S. J. Broadmeadow, John E. Drake, Michael Freeman, Oula Ghannoum, Lindsay B. Hutley, Jeff W. Kelly, Kihachiro Kikuzawa, Pasi Kolari, Kohei Koyama, Jean-Marc Limousin, Patrick Meir, Antonio C. Lola da Costa, Teis N. Mikkelsen, Norma Salinas, Wei Sun and Lisa Wingate doi:10.1038/nclimate2550 Stomatal conductance is a land-surface attribute that links the water and carbon cycles. Analysis of a global database covering a wide range of plant functional types and biomes now provides a framework for predicting the behaviour of stomatal conductance that can be applied to model ecosystem productivity, energy balance and ecohydrological processes in a changing climate. Decoupling of nitrogen and phosphorus in terrestrial plants associated with global changes pp465 - 469 Z. Y. Yuan and Han Y. H. Chen doi:10.1038/nclimate2549 Living plants maintain a balance of multiple chemical elements for optimal growth and reproduction. A meta-analysis now shows that terrestrial plant N:P ratios decrease with increased atmospheric CO2, rainfall, and P fertilization, but increase with warming, drought, and N fertilization. Recent reversal in loss of global terrestrial biomass pp470 - 474 Yi Y. Liu, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Richard A. M. de Jeu, Josep G. Canadell, Matthew F. McCabe, Jason P. Evans and Guojie Wang doi:10.1038/nclimate2581 Vegetation change is a key component of the carbon cycle, but quantifying these changes is challenging. Research using passive microwave observations now provides global estimates for forest and non-forest biomass trends over the past two decades. Articles Top Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation pp475 - 480 Stefan Rahmstorf, Jason E. Box, Georg Feulner, Michael E. Mann, Alexander Robinson, Scott Rutherford and Erik J. Schaffernicht doi:10.1038/nclimate2554 Cooling has been observed over the past century in the northern Atlantic, and this study presents multiple lines of evidence that suggest it may be a result of a reduction in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. The decrease in this circulation, particularly after 1970, seems to be unprecedented in the past millennium and melt from the Greenland Ice Sheet may be a contributing factor. See also: News and Views by Didier Swingedouw High carbon and biodiversity costs from converting Africa’s wet savannahs to cropland pp481 - 486 Timothy D. Searchinger, Lyndon Estes, Philip K. Thornton, Tim Beringer, An Notenbaert, Daniel Rubenstein, Ralph Heimlich, Rachel Licker and Mario Herrero doi:10.1038/nclimate2584 Africa’s savannahs and shrublands have been assumed to provide a large area for the expansion of cropland with relatively little damage to the environment. Research now shows that conversion would be likely to have high carbon and biodiversity costs. Advertisement The Naturejobs Career Expo is returning to Boston! May 20, 2015 This career fair offers young, talented researchers an excellent opportunity to meet a diverse selection of national and international employers from academic institutions and scientific industries, such as pharmaceutical organisations, digital technology companies, science publishing and more. Register for FREE today!     Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. 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