Nature Chemical Biology Contents: April 2015, Volume 11 No 4 pp 237 - 299

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TABLE OF CONTENTS April 2015 Volume 11, Issue 4 Editorial Book Review Research Highlights News and Views Perspective Brief Communication Articles Errata Corrigenda Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Editorial Top Double-blind peer review   p237 doi:10.1038/nchembio.1785 Nature and the Nature journals start offering anonymity to authors during the peer-review process. Book Review Top Translational research: Drug discovery from the inside   p239 Reviewed by Derek Lowe doi:10.1038/nchembio.1778 Research Highlights Top Viral mechanisms: Tat modulates DAT | Plant hormones: Phyto-antiperspirants | Biosynthesis: The X factor | Ligation reactions: All about that rate | Biocatalysis: Statins in one step | Leukemia: Free RUNX1 News and Views Top Photosynthesis: Dissipating energy by carotenoids   pp242 - 243 Diana Kirilovsky doi:10.1038/nchembio.1771 The demonstration of excitation energy dissipation via energy transfer in a cyanobacterial chlorophyll-carotenoid membrane complex provides evidence that this mechanism may also operate in the light-harvesting complex antennae of higher plants. See also: Article by Staleva et al. Carbohydrates: Translation from sticky to sweet   pp243 - 244 Michela G Tonetti doi:10.1038/nchembio.1773 Bacterial translation elongation factor P (EF-P) is essential to overcome ribosome stalling at polyproline stretches during protein synthesis. A new mechanism of EF-P activation, identified in a subset of Bacteria, involves addition of the sugar L-rhamnose to a critical arginine residue. See also: Article by Lassak et al. GPCRs: Heterodimer-specific signaling   pp244 - 245 Marc Parmentier doi:10.1038/nchembio.1772 Heterodimerization of G protein-coupled receptors can lead to the activation of intracellular pathways that are not triggered by either of the individual receptors. This property may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches showcasing increased efficiency and selectivity. See also: Article by Bellot et al. Chemical Biology EVENT 40th FEBS Congress — The Biochemical Basis of Life 4 July 2015 Berlin, Germany More science events from Perspective Top Regulation of the oncoprotein Smoothened by small molecules   pp246 - 255 Hayley J Sharpe, Weiru Wang, Rami N Hannoush and Frederic J de Sauvage doi:10.1038/nchembio.1776 This Perspective discusses recent advances in understanding the structural and pharmacological properties of the downstream Hedgehog pathway effector Smoothened. Small molecule agonists and antagonists of Smo could be used as potential therapeutics. Brief Communication Top The structure of SpnF, a standalone enzyme that catalyzes [4 + 2] cycloaddition   pp256 - 258 Christopher D Fage, Eta A Isiorho, Yungnan Liu, Drew T Wagner, Hung-wen Liu et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1768 Establishing the existence of a Diels-Alderase—an enzyme that catalyzes a concerted [4 + 2] cycloaddition—is made easier by a crystal structure of SpnF, which, along with computational and biochemical analysis, should enable mechanistic investigations. Articles Top An enzymatic [4+2] cyclization cascade creates the pentacyclic core of pyrroindomycins   pp259 - 265 Zhenhua Tian, Peng Sun, Yan Yan, Zhuhua Wu, Qingfei Zheng et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1769 The discovery of two new types of enzymes that act in tandem within the spirotetramate biosynthetic pathway to catalyze [4+2] cycloadditions offers new opportunities for mechanistic investigations of potential Diels-Alderases. Chemical compounds Arginine-rhamnosylation as new strategy to activate translation elongation factor P   pp266 - 270 Jürgen Lassak, Eva C Keilhauer, Maximilian Fürst, Kristin Wuichet, Julia Gödeke et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1751 N-linked glycosylation of a conserved arginine in the translation elongation factor EF-P by a newly discovered rhamnosyltransferase EarP is needed to rescue ribosomal stalling at polyproline-encoding sequences in β-proteobacteria and other species. See also: News and Views by Tonetti Dual agonist occupancy of AT1-R–α2C-AR heterodimers results in atypical Gs-PKA signaling   pp271 - 279 Morgane Bellot, Ségolène Galandrin, Cédric Boularan, Heinrich J Matthies, Fabien Despas et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1766 Technologies that bias GPCR expression for formation of heterodimers show that, when heterodimerized, α2C-AR and AT-1R exhibit atypical Gs-cAMP-PKA signaling upon ligand stimulation compared to either parent receptor expressed alone and mimic activation associated with arterial hypertension. See also: News and Views by Parmentier Pharmacological folding chaperones act as allosteric ligands of Frizzled4   pp280 - 286 Serena F Generoso, Mariateresa Giustiniano, Giuseppe La Regina, Sara Bottone, Sara Passacantilli et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1770 Several GPCRs have ligands that act as pharmacological chaperones that rescue function of mutated receptors. This formed the basis of a screening strategy to identify new ligands for Frizzled4 that act allosterically at an effector domain to inhibit β-catenin signaling. Chemical compounds Mechanism of photoprotection in the cyanobacterial ancestor of plant antenna proteins   pp287 - 291 Hristina Staleva, Josef Komenda, Mahendra K Shukla, Václav Šlouf, Radek Kaňa et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1755 Light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) manage energy flux into photosynthesis and dissipate excess light energy. The demonstration of dissipative energy transfer from chlorophyll-a to β-carotene in cyanobacterial high light–inducible proteins provides a mechanistic model for similar processes in LHCs. See also: News and Views by Kirilovsky Compounds targeting disulfide bond forming enzyme DsbB of Gram-negative bacteria   pp292 - 298 Cristina Landeta, Jessica L Blazyk, Feras Hatahet, Brian M Meehan, Markus Eser et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1752 A screen for compounds that inhibit disulfide bond formation in β-galactosidase in Escherichia coli found inhibitors of the membrane enzyme DsbB. Given the importance of DsbB in bacterial virulence, the inhibitors are potentially useful as antibacterials. Chemical compounds Corrigenda Top Corrigendum: Chemical biologists rush to San Francisco for the ICBS   p299 Evan W Miller doi:10.1038/nchembio0415-299c Corrigendum: Arginine-rhamnosylation as new strategy to activate translation elongation factor P   p299 Jurgen Lassak, Eva C Keilhauer, Maximilian Furst, Kristin Wuichet, Julia Godeke et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio0415-299d Errata Top Erratum: Coordinated gripping of substrate by subunits of an AAA+ proteolytic machine   p299 Ohad Iosefson, Andrew R Nager, Tania A Baker and Robert T Sauer doi:10.1038/nchembio0415-299a Erratum: Chemical biologists rush to San Francisco for the ICBS   p299 Evan W Miller doi:10.1038/nchembio0415-299b Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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