Thursday, November 6, 2014

SciBX: Science-Business eXchange Contents: November 6 2014, Volume 7 / Issue 43

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

November 6 2014, Volume 7 / Issue 43

Analysis

Cover Story
Translational Notes
Targets and Mechanisms
Tools

The Distillery: Therapeutics

Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Endocrine/metabolic disease
Hematology
Infectious disease
Inflammation
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurology
Pulmonary disease

The Distillery: Techniques

Computational models
Disease models
Drug delivery
Drug platforms
Imaging
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Analysis

Cover Story

Top

A conversation with Elias Zerhouni
Steve Usdin
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1252
Sanofi's Elias Zerhouni wants a dedicated national fund to keep young scientists involved in research, which he thinks should be the top policy priority for advancing biomedical innovation.
Full Text | PDF

Translational Notes

Top

ACTing for NIH
C. Simone Fishburn
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1253
A new campaign to petition Congress to increase NIH funding has the backing of several academic heavyweights but stops short of defining how the money would be spent.
Full Text | PDF

Targets and Mechanisms

Top

Greasing insulin
Benjamin Boettner
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1254
The once discarded target GPR120 has led to the discovery of an entirely new class of fatty acids that could restore insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes.
Full Text | PDF

Tools

Top

AD goes 3D
Lauren Martz
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1255
A 3D neuronal culture model of Alzheimer's disease is much improved over earlier models, but researchers disagree on whether it is close enough to human disease for use in drug discovery.
Full Text | PDF

Distillery: Therapeutics

Cancer

Top

Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45β (GADD45B); mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MAP2K7; MKK7)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1256
Studies in patient samples and mice suggest inhibiting the GADD45B-MKK7 complex could help treat MM.
Full Text | PDF

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1); SIRT2
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1257
Cell culture and zebrafish studies suggest inhibiting SIRT1 could help treat metastatic Ewing's sarcoma.
Full Text | PDF

Cardiovascular disease

Top

Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1258
Studies based on patient data and rodent models suggest the generic chemotherapy drug paclitaxel could help treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
Full Text | PDF

Not applicable
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1259
In vitro and pig studies suggest a perfluorodecalin coating for medical devices could help prevent thrombosis.
Full Text | PDF

Endocrine/metabolic disease

Top

G protein–coupled receptor 120 (GPR120; O3FAR1)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1260
Mouse and human sample studies suggest a class of fatty acids could help treat diabetes.
Full Text | PDF

Hematology

Top

Major histocompatibility complex class I A (HLA-A); HLA-B; HLA-C
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1261
In vitro and mouse studies suggest transfusion with HLA-A/B/C platelets generated from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells could help decrease platelet transfusion failures in patients with anti-HLA antibodies.
Full Text | PDF

Infectious disease

Top

Not applicable
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1262
In vitro and mouse studies suggest oligosaccharide-protein conjugates could help diagnose and prevent Brucella bacterial infections.
Full Text | PDF

Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP; LL37)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1263
In vitro studies suggest nylon-3 polymers could help treat Clostridium difficile infection.
Full Text | PDF

α-hemolysin (aHL)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1264
Cell culture and mouse studies suggest artificial liposomes could help treat Gram-positive bacterial infections by sequestering cytolytic toxins those pathogens secrete.
Full Text | PDF

CD160
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1265
In vitro studies suggest inhibiting CD160 could help treat viral infections by promoting T cell function.
Full Text | PDF

Inflammation

Top

Not applicable
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1266
Mouse studies suggest immunization with allergen peptides conjugated to a prodrug of α-galactosylceramide (αGC) could help treat allergen-induced asthma.
Full Text | PDF

IL-33 (NF-HEV); tryptase
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1267
In vitro and mouse studies suggest inhibiting tryptase and other IL-33-cleaving proteases produced by mast cells could help treat asthma.
Full Text | PDF

Musculoskeletal disease

Top

Platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB); cathepsin K (CTSK)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1268
In vitro and mouse studies suggest increasing PDGF-BB levels could help treat osteoporosis.
Full Text | PDF

Neurology

Top

Notch 1 (NOTCH1)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1269
Mouse studies suggest inhibiting NOTCH1 could help treat indications involving neuronal loss.
Full Text | PDF

Pulmonary disease

Top

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF2RA; GMR; CD116); granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor 2 receptor-β (CSF2RB; CD131)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1270
Mouse studies suggest pulmonary macrophage transplantation (PMT) could help treat hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (hPAP), a myeloid cell disorder caused by mutations in CSF2RA or CSF2RB.
Full Text | PDF

Distillery: Techniques

Computational models

Top

Driver-gene inference by genetic-genomics and information theory (DIGGIT) algorithm to identify disease driver mutations
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1271
In vitro studies suggest network-based analysis with DIGGIT could help identify disease driver mutations.
Full Text | PDF

Disease models

Top

3D neuronal culture model of Alzheimer's disease (AD)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1272
A 3D neuronal culture model of AD could help screen for new therapeutics.
Full Text | PDF

Mutant neuroblastoma Ras viral (v-Ras) oncogene (Nras) mouse model of melanoma
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1273
Mice expressing activating mutations in Nras could help identify new treatments for melanoma.
Full Text | PDF

Drug delivery

Top

Adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan films for sublingual drug delivery
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1274
Cell and tissue culture studies suggest adhesive films composed of PVA and chitosan could be useful for sublingual drug delivery and sustained release of peptide and protein drugs.
Full Text | PDF

Drug-silica nanoconjugates for tumor-specific delivery of cytotoxic agents
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1275
Nanoconjugates with sizes optimized for tumor penetration and retention could safely deliver cytotoxic drugs to tumors.
Full Text | PDF

Inhalable micelles expressing a lung-targeting peptide for delivery of therapies to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1276
In vitro and mouse studies suggest lung-targeted peptide-micelle conjugates could help deliver therapies to treat lung diseases such as PAH.
Full Text | PDF

Drug platforms

Top

Generation of endothelial colony–forming cells (ECFCs) from human pluripotent stem cells to treat ischemic cardiovascular diseases
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1277
A protocol for generating cells similar to cord blood ECFCs from human pluripotent stem cells could be useful for developing cellular therapies to treat ischemic cardiovascular diseases.
Full Text | PDF

Liposome-supported peritoneal dialysis for detoxification
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1278
Rat studies suggest liposome-supported dialysis could be useful for extracting excess metabolites and drugs from the peritoneal cavity.
Full Text | PDF

Synthetic aptamer-polymer hybrid constructs for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1279
Aptamer-polymer hybrid constructs could be useful for selective delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumor cells.
Full Text | PDF

Imaging

Top

Melanin-based nanoparticles for multimodal imaging of melanoma tumors
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1280
Melanin-based nanoparticles could be useful for imaging melanoma tumors in patients.
Full Text | PDF

Top

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