Nature Immunology Contents: December 2014 Volume 15 pp 1091 - 1189

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Advertisement NEW WHITE PAPER: The Latest Advances in Cell and Tissue Humanized Mice  This white paper provides an in-depth overview of cell and tissue humanized mice and how they can help to bridge the biological gap between mice and humans. Learn More About: How cell and tissue humanized mice are generated The application of humanized models in basic and applied research And, read an evaluation of the available super immunodeficient models for cell and tissue Download Your Copy Today TABLE OF CONTENTS December 2014 Volume 15, Issue 12 Obituary Commentary News and Views Research Highlights Review Articles Resource Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Obituary Top Ray D. Owen 1915-2014   p1091 Michael P Cancro doi:10.1038/ni.3033 Commentary Top The physician scientist: balancing clinical and research duties   pp1092 - 1094 Penelope A Morel and Gillian Ross doi:10.1038/ni.3010 Physician scientists bridge the gap between biomedical research and clinical practice. However, the continuing decrease in number of people who choose this career path poses a threat to the advancement of biomedical science and the translation of research findings to clinical practice. News and Views Top Beyond the age of cellular discovery   pp1095 - 1097 Jonathan Michael Irish doi:10.1038/ni.3034 The combination of machine-learning tools and mass-cytometry measurements of more than 30 protein markers per cell comprehensively maps cell identity in the heterogeneous myeloid cell system and reveals the global effect of deletion of the gene encoding the receptor for the growth factor GM-CSF. See also: Resource by Becher et al. Systematic analysis of immunodeficiency   pp1097 - 1098 David F Tough doi:10.1038/ni.3029 Humans deficient in the adaptor MyD88 or the kinase IRAK4 suffer from primary immunodeficiency. Blood cells from these patients show defective induction of specific subsets of genes after exposure to microbial stimuli in vitro. See also: Article by Alsina et al. ParadYm shift: Ym1 and Ym2 as innate immunological regulators of IL-17   pp1099 - 1100 Gaia Muallem and Christopher A Hunter doi:10.1038/ni.3032 Chitinase-like proteins are associated with type 2 immune responses and the 'wound-healing' pathway, but their role has remained unclear. Studies have now highlighted their contribution to IL-17 production and their link to neutrophil activity required for the control of helminth infection. See also: Article by Sutherland et al. The RIP1-RIP3 complex initiates mitochondrial fission to fuel NLRP3   pp1100 - 1102 Manira Rayamajhi and Edward A Miao doi:10.1038/ni.3030 Vesicular stomatitis virus, a double-stranded RNA virus, triggers activation of the serine-threonine kinases RIP1 and RIP3, which damages mitochondria by activating the GTPase DRP1. This results in excessive production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. See also: Article by Wang et al. Immunology JOBS of the week Interdisciplinary PhD Position in Nanotoxicology / Immunology University of Fribourg and the Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI) Postdoctoral Research Position in Immunology UCLA Immunogenetics Center Two Postdoctoral Positions in Immunology Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York Postdoctoral Fellowship in Immunology and Cancer St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH) Faculty Position- Virology & Immunology Gladstone Institutes More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT Global summit on Virology 27th Aug 2015 Dubai, Saudi Arabia More science events from Research Highlights Top Fatty acid regulation of TH17 cells | IL-37 as an adaptive dampener | Computational toolbox | Neurotrophic receptors in HSCs | TH1 identity | Inflammation super-enhancers Review Top Molecular regulation of effector and memory T cell differentiation   pp1104 - 1115 John T Chang, E John Wherry and Ananda W Goldrath doi:10.1038/ni.3031 Advertisement Get the quantitation of digital imaging with the sensitivity of film. Introducing the ChemiDoc™ Touch Imaging System. Ensure the quality and reproducibility of your western blotting results. See performance data.   Articles Top Chitinase-like proteins promote IL-17-mediated neutrophilia in a tradeoff between nematode killing and host damage   pp1116 - 1125 Tara E Sutherland, Nicola Logan, Dominik Ruckerl, Alison A Humbles, Stuart M Allan et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3023 Type 2 immune responses are often associated with the expression of chitinase-like Ym proteins, but their role is unclear. Allen and colleagues show that Ym1 and Ym2 act on γδ T cells to increase their expression of IL-17A and enhance the recruitment of neutrophils. See also: News and Views by Muallem & Hunter RNA viruses promote activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through a RIP1-RIP3-DRP1 signaling pathway   pp1126 - 1133 Xiaqiong Wang, Wei Jiang, Yiqing Yan, Tao Gong, Jiahuai Han et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3015 The mechanisms by which viruses activate the NLRP3 inflammasome remain unclear. Zhou and colleagues show that RNA viruses initiate a RIP1-RIP3 complex that drives mitochondrial damage and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome independently of necrosis. See also: News and Views by Rayamajhi & Miao A narrow repertoire of transcriptional modules responsive to pyogenic bacteria is impaired in patients carrying loss-of-function mutations in MYD88 or IRAK4   pp1134 - 1142 Laia Alsina, Elisabeth Israelsson, Matthew C Altman, Kristen K Dang, Pegah Ghandil et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3028 People with loss of function of MyD88 or IRAK4 have a surprisingly limited altered phenotype. Chaussabel and colleagues use a systems approach to identify defined signaling modules that are altered in such people. See also: News and Views by Tough A central role for Notch in effector CD8+ T cell differentiation   pp1143 - 1151 Ronald A Backer, Christina Helbig, Rebecca Gentek, Andrew Kent, Brian J Laidlaw et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3027 Activated CD8+ T cells must 'choose' between the terminal effector cell fate or the memory precursor cell fate. Amsen and colleagues find that the cell surface receptor Notch controls this 'choice'. Autophagy is essential for effector CD8+ T cell survival and memory formation   pp1152 - 1161 Xiaojin Xu, Koichi Araki, Shuzhao Li, Jin-Hwan Han, Lilin Ye et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3025 Autophagy has essential roles in cellular energy mobilization and homeostasis, but its role in T cell memory formation is remains poorly understood. Ahmed and colleagues demonstrate that autophagy is critical for the survival of cytotoxic memory cells. A microRNA upregulated in asthma airway T cells promotes TH2 cytokine production   pp1162 - 1170 Laura J Simpson, Sana Patel, Nirav R Bhakta, David F Choy, Hans D Brightbill et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3026 miRNAs 'tune' gene expression to orchestrate cell activity. Ansel and colleagues show that miR-19 modulates TH2 cytokine production by targeting TH2-specific as well as general T cell-activation pathways. The transcription repressors Bach2 and Bach1 promote B cell development by repressing the myeloid program   pp1171 - 1180 Ari Itoh-Nakadai, Reina Hikota, Akihiko Muto, Kohei Kometani, Miki Watanabe-Matsui et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3024 The role of the repressors Bach1 and Bach2 in early B cell development is unclear. Igarashi and colleagues have now found these Bach factors directly repress various myeloid genes in common lymphoid progenitors to restrict a B cell lineage fate. Resource Top High-dimensional analysis of the murine myeloid cell system   pp1181 - 1189 Burkhard Becher, Andreas Schlitzer, Jinmiao Chen, Florian Mair, Hermi R Sumatoh et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3006 Myeloid cells show great phenotypic and functional diversity. Newell and colleagues use mass cytometry with a panel of 38 mouse myeloid markers to describe myeloid cell phenotypic diversity in unprecedented depth within eight different tissues. See also: News and Views by Irish Top Advertisement Announcing the Nature Index: A global indicator of high-quality research The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance.  Access the Nature Index free online.      Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. 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