Nature Reviews Neuroscience contents November 2014 Volume 15 Number 11 pp 697-764

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
November 2014 Volume 15 Number 11
Impact Factor 31.376 *	In this issue Research Highlights Reviews Perspectives Also this month Article series: The endocannabinoid system  Featured article: Early phytocannabinoid chemistry to endocannabinoids and beyond Raphael Mechoulam, Lumír O. Hanuš, Roger Pertwee & Allyn C. Howlett
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Dendritic cells and macrophages in the kidney: a spectrum of good and evil   Renal dendritic cells and macrophages are key factors in the initiation and propagation of renal disease and tissue regeneration. This Review discusses the characteristics of dendritic cells and macrophages as well as current understanding of the renal-specific functions of these important phagocytic, antigen-presenting cell types in potentiating or mitigating intrinsic kidney disease.   Read this Review FREE online
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Sleep: Let sleeping worms lie p697 | doi:10.1038/nrn3849 Two new studies show that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans displays a sleep-like state in response to heat shock and suggest that this state is necessary for recovery from cellular stress. PDF Glia: Schwann cells provide life support for axons p698 | doi:10.1038/nrn3840 The regulation of Schwann cell metabolism by LKB1 is essential for the preservation of axonal integrity. PDF Gene therapy: Going from strength to strength p698 | doi:10.1038/nrn3847 A new gene therapy approach can be used to increase size and efficiency of neuromuscular junctions with corresponding inceases in muscle strength. PDF Synaptic plasticity: Timing is everything p699 | doi:10.1038/nrn3850 Dopamine regulates reinforcement-based plasticity at the single-spine level on medium spiny neurons in the striatum by increasing the gain of Hebbian plasticity. PDF Neural circuits: Grooming's innate, innit? p700 | doi:10.1038/nrn3845 Distinct populations of neurons in the posterior dorsal part of the medial amygdala antagonistically regulate social behaviour and self-grooming, a non-social behaviour. PDF Neurotransmission: Transmission takes two p700 | doi:10.1038/nrn3848 Two studies in rodents show that lateral habenula activity is regulated by neurons that co-release glutamate and GABA. PDF IN BRIEF Sleep: Asleep but aware | Depression: Mood food | Learning and memory: Epigenetic exchange mechanisms | Neurodegeneration: Active astrocytes drive inflammation | Learning and memory: The left-right divide | Neural circuits: Getting colder | Perception: A decisive response | Learning and memory: Actively compensating PDF Neuroscience JOBS of the week Neuroscience Faculty Recruitment Columbia Universitiy Department of Neuroscience Lab Technician in Neuroscience and Metabolism Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) PhD Wellcome Trust Programme With The Institute Of Neuroscience Newcastle University Stem Cell Institute Tenure Track Faculty-Neuroscience Albert Einstein College of Medicine // Gottesman Stem Cell Institute Assistant Professors in Learning / Educational Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT 17th International Neuroscience Winter Conference 2015 07.04.15 Soelden, Austria More science events from
REVIEWS		Top
Neuromuscular synaptogenesis: coordinating partners with multiple functions Houssam Darabid, Anna P. Perez-Gonzalez & Richard Robitaille p703 | doi:10.1038/nrn3821 The formation and maturation of the neuromuscular junction require the concerted efforts of the presynaptic nerve terminal, the postsynaptic muscle fibre and perisynaptic Schwann cells. In this Review, Robitaille and colleagues describe the molecular and activity-dependent processes that underlie the development of neuron–muscle contacts. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
The role of orexin in motivated behaviours Takeshi Sakurai p719 | doi:10.1038/nrn3837 Recent data have shown that orexins regulate not only wakefulness but also feeding, emotional behaviour, reward seeking and autonomic and endocrine responses. Takeshi Sakurai summarizes these findings and proposes that the orexin system regulates the response of the body to its internal and external environments to support various motivated behaviours. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Time cells in the hippocampus: a new dimension for mapping memories Howard Eichenbaum p732 | doi:10.1038/nrn3827 The recently discovered hippocampal 'time cells' are thought to represent the flow of time in specific memories. In this Review, Howard Eichenbaum discusses the evidence for the existence of time cells, describes their characteristics and relationship with place cells, and considers their role in memory. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
Expectation in perceptual decision making: neural and computational mechanisms Christopher Summerfield & Floris P. de Lange p745 | doi:10.1038/nrn3838 Visual stimuli can often be predicted by other stimuli in the environment — for example, a barking sound would predict the sight of a dog but not a cat. In this Review, Summerfield and de Lange discuss how expectation modulates neural signals and behaviour in response to visual stimuli. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
PERSPECTIVES		Top
TIMELINE Article series: The endocannabinoid system Early phytocannabinoid chemistry to endocannabinoids and beyond Raphael Mechoulam, Lumír O. Hanuš, Roger Pertwee & Allyn C. Howlett p757 | doi:10.1038/nrn3811 Despite centuries of recreational use of cannabis, it is only relatively recently that its mechanisms of action, and the existence of endogenous cannabinoids, have been discovered. In this Timeline article, Raphael Mechoulam and colleagues discuss early research on the plant cannabinoids and speculate on the directions this research might take in the future. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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Nature Collections Clinical applications of next-generation sequencing This special Collection highlights the breadth of applications of next-generation sequencing technologies in the clinic and the importance of the insights that are being gained through these methods to improve health. Produced with support from Life Technologies, a brand of Thermo Fisher Scientific.
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*2013 Journal Citation Report (Thomson Reuters, 2014)

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