Nature Immunology Contents: November 2014 Volume 15 pp 997 - 1090

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Advertisement A*STAR Research - Highlighting the best of research at the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore's premier research organization   Recent Highlights Drug delivery: A double blast to ward off pneumonia | Genetics: A safe way to manipulate immune cells | Immunology: Monkey antibodies help fight virus Download the A*STAR Research app now! TABLE OF CONTENTS November 2014 Volume 15, Issue 11 Commentary News and Views Research Highlights Review Articles Corrigenda Advertisement   Powerful flow at your fingertips: 3 lasers, 12 parameters, down to 0.2 µm resolution. Unleash what's possible with the new Guava easyCyte™ 12 and 12HT microcapillary flow cytometers. The powerful easy-to-use bench top machines offer improved sensitivity and particle resolution making multi color, high throughput flow analysis accessible to any level of user. Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Dendritic cells and macrophages in the kidney: a spectrum of good and evil   Renal dendritic cells and macrophages are key factors in the initiation and propagation of renal disease and tissue regeneration. This Review discusses the characteristics of dendritic cells and macrophages as well as current understanding of the renal-specific functions of these important phagocytic, antigen-presenting cell types in potentiating or mitigating intrinsic kidney disease.   Read this Review FREE online    Commentary Top Street smarts of science for students   pp997 - 999 Michael M Chen, Anita Zahs, Sulie L Chang and Elizabeth J Kovacs doi:10.1038/ni.2989 A workshop organized by the Society for Leukocyte Biology offers advice to graduate students on how to navigate educational and professional waters to find success in academia. News and Views Top Time to cast a larger net   pp1000 - 1001 Matthew L Wheeler and David M Underhill doi:10.1038/ni.3013 Neutrophils sense the size of microbial targets and respond via 'NETosis' when targets are too big to internalize and contain via phagocytosis. See also: Article by Levine et al. TCR signaling fuels Treg cell suppressor function   pp1002 - 1003 Jinfang Zhu and Ethan M Shevach doi:10.1038/ni.3014 Acute ablation of T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) in regulatory T cells (Treg cells) impairs the suppressive activity of these cells, even though they retain expression of Foxp3 and CD25. TCR signaling imparts a critical role in the suppressive function of Treg cells. See also: Article by Levine et al. Skin DCs cluster for efficient T cell activation   pp1004 - 1005 Scott N Mueller doi:10.1038/ni.3012 Clusters of dermal dendritic cells and T cells are required for efficient activation of T cells in skin following hapten sensitization via a process dependent on interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and the chemokine CXCL2 produced by macrophages. See also: Article by Natsuaki et al. Fate PPAR-titioning: PPAR-γ 'instructs' alveolar macrophage development   pp1005 - 1007 Florent Ginhoux doi:10.1038/ni.3011 Alveolar macrophages derive from fetal monocytes that seed the lungs during late embryogenesis. The cytokine GM-CSF expressed in the developing lungs induces expression of the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ, which in turn 'instructs' the differentiation of alveolar macrophage. See also: Article by Schneider et al. Immunology JOBS of the week Interdisciplinary PhD Position in Nanotoxicology / Immunology University of Fribourg and the Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI) Postdoctoral Research Position in Immunology UCLA Immunogenetics Center Two Postdoctoral Positions in Immunology Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York Postdoctoral Fellowship in Immunology and Cancer St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH) More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT Global summit on Virology 27th Aug 2015 Dubai, Saudi Arabia More science events from Research Highlights Top A matter of life and death | NF-κB flavors in germinal centers | Tetherin signaling | Human T cell variations | Isoketals drive hypertension | Decrepit DCs Review Top Plasticity of mesenchymal stem cells in immunomodulation: pathological and therapeutic implications   pp1009 - 1016 Ying Wang, Xiaodong Chen, Wei Cao and Yufang Shi doi:10.1038/ni.3002 Mesenchymal stem cells are being considered as potential therapy for the regeneration of damaged tissues. Shi and colleagues review how these cells are influenced by inflammation and their interactions with cells of the immune system. Advertisement Get the quantitation of digital imaging with the sensitivity of film. Introducing the ChemiDoc™ Touch Imaging System. Ensure the quality and reproducibility of your western blotting results. See performance data.   Articles Top Neutrophils sense microbe size and selectively release neutrophil extracellular traps in response to large pathogens   pp1017 - 1025 Nora Branzk, Aleksandra Lubojemska, Sarah E Hardison, Qian Wang, Maximiliano G Gutierrez et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2987 How neutrophils clear hyphae and other pathogens that are too large to be ingested by phagocytosis has remained unknown. Papayannopoulos et al. show that neutrophils sense microbe size and selectively release neutrophil extracellular traps in response to large pathogens. Induction of the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ by the cytokine GM-CSF is critical for the differentiation of fetal monocytes into alveolar macrophages   pp1026 - 1037 Christoph Schneider, Samuel P Nobs, Michael Kurrer, Hubert Rehrauer, Christoph Thiele et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3005 Details of the ontogeny of alveolar macrophages remain unclear. Kopf and colleagues show that fetal monocytes give rise to alveolar macrophages in a manner dependent on the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ and the cytokine GM-CSF. See also: News and Views by Ginhoux N-glycosylation bidirectionally extends the boundaries of thymocyte positive selection by decoupling Lck from Ca2+ signaling   pp1038 - 1045 Raymond W Zhou, Haik Mkhikian, Ani Grigorian, Amanda Hong, David Chen et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3007 Thymocytes are positively selected upon recognition of self peptide-MHC complexes. Demetriou and colleagues show that N-glycosylation of TCR and coreceptor molecules increases the number of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes that are positively selected. Chaperone-mediated autophagy regulates T cell responses through targeted degradation of negative regulators of T cell activation   pp1046 - 1054 Rut Valdor, Enric Mocholi, Yair Botbol, Ignacio Guerrero-Ros, Dinesh Chandra et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3003 Chaperone-mediated autophagy selectively targets single cytoplasmic proteins for degradation. Macian and colleagues show that such autophagy is induced by engagement of the TCR to target negative regulators of T cell activation. The ion channel TRPV1 regulates the activation and proinflammatory properties of CD4+ T cells   pp1055 - 1063 Samuel Bertin, Yukari Aoki-Nonaka, Petrus Rudolf de Jong, Lilian L Nohara, Hongjian Xu et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3009 The membrane channel TRPV1 is well studied as a pain receptor, but its function beyond sensory neurons remains unclear. Raz and colleagues demonstrate that TRPV1 is also a non-store-operated calcium channel on CD4+ T cells with an important function in cell activation. Perivascular leukocyte clusters are essential for efficient activation of effector T cells in the skin   pp1064 - 1069 Yohei Natsuaki, Gyohei Egawa, Satoshi Nakamizo, Sachiko Ono, Sho Hanakawa et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2992 How APCs encounter T cells in the periphery remains unclear. Kabashima and colleagues show that dendritic cells form macrophage-dependent clusters in dermal perivascular areas for efficient in situ proliferation and activation of T cells. See also: News and Views by Mueller Continuous requirement for the TCR in regulatory T cell function   pp1070 - 1078 Andrew G Levine, Aaron Arvey, Wei Jin and Alexander Y Rudensky doi:10.1038/ni.3004 Regulatory T cells help to keep adaptive immunity in check. Rudensky and colleagues show that these cells continuously require TCR signaling to maintain their cellular identity and homeostasis and to exert their suppressive ability. See also: News and Views by Zhu & Shevach Cleavage of roquin and regnase-1 by the paracaspase MALT1 releases their cooperatively repressed targets to promote TH17 differentiation   pp1079 - 1089 Katharina M Jeltsch, Desheng Hu, Sven Brenner, Jessica Zöller, Gitta A Heinz et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3008 Mutations in the RNA-binding protein roquin-1 are known to result in humoral autoimmunity. Heissmeyer and colleagues show that MALT1 cleavage of roquin and regnase-1 downstream of TCR signaling releases cooperatively repressed targets to promote TH17 cell differentiation Corrigenda Top Corrigendum: Splenic stroma drives mature dendritic cells to differentiate into regulatory dendritic cells   p1090 Minghui Zhang, Hua Tang, Zhenhong Guo, Huazhang An, Xuejun Zhu et al. doi:10.1038/ni1114-1090a Corrigendum: STAT1-cooperative DNA binding distinguishes type 1 from type 2 interferon signaling   p1090 Andreas Begitt, Mathias Droescher, Thomas Meyer, Christoph D Schmid, Michelle Baker et al. doi:10.1038/ni1114-1090b Corrigendum: Constant replenishment from circulating monocytes maintains the macrophage pool in the intestine of adult mice   p1090 Calum C Bain, Alberto Bravo-Blas, Charlotte L Scott, Elisa Gomez Perdiguero, Frederic Geissmann et al. doi:10.1038/ni1114-1090c Top Advertisement nature.com webcasts Macmillan Science Communication presents a custom webcast on: A Closer Look at Cell Death with Imaging Flow Cytometry Wednesday, November 5th at 9AM PST, 12PM EST, 5PM GMT, 6PM CET  Register for the webcast and live Q and A session  Sponsored by: EMD Millipore      Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. 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