Nature Geoscience contents: November 2014 Volume 7 Number 11 pp777-848

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TABLE OF CONTENTS November 2014 Volume 7, Issue 11 Editorials Commentaries Books and Arts News and Views Letters Articles Corrigendum Addendum Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Collections: Climate Change Countdown The countdown is on to reach a climate change agreement. The articles in this downloadable and printable PDF Collection, published in Nature Geoscience and Nature Climate Change, take stock of CO2 emissions and discuss how to share carbon budgets equitably.  Purchase now for only $1.99 and benefit from having your own personal copy of this informative Nature Collection.     Editorials Top Towards transparency   p777 doi:10.1038/ngeo2294 Sharing data is key for efficient scientific progress. More open code would be beneficial too. Acquired risk   p777 doi:10.1038/ngeo2295 Wealth in a country typically protects against earthquake damage. The same cannot always be said for wealth of individuals. Commentaries Top Of carrots and sticks   pp778 - 779 Jens Kattge, Sandra Díaz & Christian Wirth doi:10.1038/ngeo2280 Journals and funders increasingly require public archiving of the data that support publications. We argue that this mandate is necessary, but not sufficient: more incentives for data sharing are needed. Open code for open science?   pp779 - 781 Steve M. Easterbrook doi:10.1038/ngeo2283 Open source software is often seen as a path to reproducibility in computational science. In practice there are many obstacles, even when the code is freely available, but open source policies should at least lead to better quality code. Books and Arts Top Exhibition: Lens to the stars   p782 doi:10.1038/ngeo2286 News and Views Top Oceanography: Freshened from the south   pp783 - 784 G. Reverdin doi:10.1038/ngeo2268 Surface salinity in the Nordic Seas dropped between 1965 and 1995, but the source of fresh water to this region is contentious. Observations and simulations suggest that the low-salinity water was derived from the North Atlantic Ocean. See also: Letter by Glessmer et al. Biogeochemistry: Carbon sinks and sinking tundra   p784 Jonathan Hickman doi:10.1038/ngeo2288 Early earth: Arsenic and primordial life   pp785 - 786 Thomas R. Kulp doi:10.1038/ngeo2275 Some modern microorganisms derive energy from the oxidation and reduction of arsenic. The association of arsenic with organic cellular remains in 2.7-billion-year-old stromatolites hints at arsenic-based metabolisms at the dawn of life. See also: Letter by Sforna et al. Geoscience JOBS of the week Maersk Oil Chair in Applied Geophysics (ID 689478) Aarhus University Postdoctoral Fellowships Carnegie Institution of Washington Tenure-track Professorships Harvard University More Science jobs from Letters Top Evidence for basaltic volcanism on the Moon within the past 100 million years   pp787 - 791 S. E. Braden, J. D. Stopar, M. S. Robinson, S. J. Lawrence, C. H. van der Bogert et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2252 The majority of basaltic volcanism on the Moon occurred more than 3 billion years ago. Small mounded formations on the lunar nearside may be products of basaltic eruptions less than 100 million years ago, suggesting a long decline of magmatic activity. Decreasing emissions of NOx relative to CO2 in East Asia inferred from satellite observations   pp792 - 795 M. Reuter, M. Buchwitz, A. Hilboll, A. Richter, O. Schneising et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2257 Global CO2 emissions are usually assessed from uncertain bottom-up estimates. A satellite-based top-down estimate suggests that emissions of NOx in East Asia have been reduced relative to those of CO2 since 2003, probably due to cleaner technology. Detection of solar dimming and brightening effects on Northern Hemisphere river flow   pp796 - 800 N. Gedney, C. Huntingford, G. P. Weedon, N. Bellouin, O. Boucher et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2263 Solar dimming from aerosols has the potential to reduce surface evaporation. A detection analysis suggests that through this effect, river flow increased by up to 25% in the most heavily polluted regions of Europe around 1980. Atlantic origin of observed and modelled freshwater anomalies in the Nordic Seas   pp801 - 805 Mirjam Sophia Glessmer, Tor Eldevik, Kjetil Våge, Jan Even Øie Nilsen & Erik Behrens doi:10.1038/ngeo2259 The salinity of the Nordic Seas dropped between 1965 and 1990. Observations and a model hindcast suggest the source of this freshwater anomaly was water from the Atlantic inflow, instead of the relatively fresh Arctic Ocean as previously suspected. See also: News and Views by Reverdin Subtropical iceberg scours and meltwater routing in the deglacial western North Atlantic   pp806 - 810 Jenna C. Hill & Alan Condron doi:10.1038/ngeo2267 During the last deglaciation, Northern Hemisphere ice sheets discharged ice and meltwater. Seafloor scours and numerical modelling suggest that freshwater and icebergs from the Laurentide ice sheet reached the subtropical North Atlantic. Evidence for arsenic metabolism and cycling by microorganisms 2.7 billion years ago   pp811 - 815 Marie Catherine Sforna, Pascal Philippot, Andrea Somogyi, Mark A. van Zuilen, Kadda Medjoubi et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2276 Today, arsenic metabolism occurs in some anoxic aquatic systems. Geochemical analyses of 2.7-billion-year-old stromatolites show evidence of microbial arsenic cycling in a saline, shallow marine system. See also: News and Views by Kulp Nitrogen speciation in upper mantle fluids and the origin of Earth's nitrogen-rich atmosphere   pp816 - 819 Sami Mikhail and Dimitri A. Sverjensky doi:10.1038/ngeo2271 Compared with the other terrestrial planets, Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen-rich. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that nitrogen is readily degassed from oxidized mantle beneath Earth's subduction zones. North Atlantic magmatism controlled by temperature, mantle composition and buoyancy   pp820 - 824 Eric L. Brown & Charles E. Lesher doi:10.1038/ngeo2264 Compositional variations in the mantle can generate anomalous magmatism, calling into question the need for hot, upwelling mantle plumes. Numerical simulations, however, point to a plume source for the North Atlantic large igneous province. A multi-sill magma plumbing system beneath the axis of the East Pacific Rise   pp825 - 829 Milena Marjanović, Suzanne M. Carbotte, Helene Carton, Mladen R. Nedimović, John C. Mutter et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2272 At mid-ocean ridges, upper oceanic crust forms from a central magma reservoir, but it is unclear how the lower crust forms. Seismic data from the East Pacific Rise identify a series of smaller magma lenses that help form the lower crust. Plateau uplift in western Canada caused by lithospheric delamination along a craton edge   pp830 - 833 Xuewei Bao, David W. Eaton & Bernard Guest doi:10.1038/ngeo2270 Mantle convection helps create continental plateaux. Seismic imaging of the mantle beneath the Canadian Cordillera—an ancient plateau—suggests the plateau formed when upwelling mantle caused a block of lithosphere to detach. Articles Top Snowfall less sensitive to warming in Karakoram than in Himalayas due to a unique seasonal cycle   pp834 - 840 Sarah B. Kapnick, Thomas L. Delworth, Moetasim Ashfaq, Sergey Malyshev and P. C. D. Milly doi:10.1038/ngeo2269 Glaciers in the Karakoram mountains have been stable in mass, whereas in nearby regions, mass loss has prevailed. Climate model simulations reveal a unique seasonal cycle in Karakoram snowfall that contributes to this pattern. Orbital forcing of the East Antarctic ice sheet during the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene   pp841 - 847 M. O. Patterson, R. McKay, T. Naish, C. Escutia, F. J. Jimenez-Espejo et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2273 The volume of the East Antarctic ice sheet is influenced by changes in the Earth's orbit. Ice-rafted debris accumulation between 4.3 and 2.2 million years ago suggests precession affected the extent of the marine margins of the ice sheet. Corrigendum Top Corrigendum: Global assessment of trends in wetting and drying over land   p848 Peter Greve, Boris Orlowsky, Brigitte Mueller, Justin Sheffield, Markus Reichstein et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2274 Addendum Top Addendum: Wave attenuation over coastal salt marshes under storm surge conditions   p848 Iris Möller, Matthias Kudella, Franziska Rupprecht, Tom Spencer, Maike Paul et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2287 Top Advertisement Nature has once again been ranked the N0.1 weekly science journal with an Impact Factor of 42.351*. Subscribe to Nature for only $42, £42 or €42. You will receive print, online and app access, providing unbelievable value for money. This is a limited time offer - so don't miss out and subscribe today! *2013 Journal Citation Reports® (Thomson Reuters, 2014)     Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. 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