Nature Physics October Issue

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Advertisement AIMResearch - Highlighting research from the Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) in Japan, which promotes mathematics-materials science collaboration Latest highlights: Graphene: Finding catalytic success with three-dimensional nanopores In the spotlight: Material benefits from US connections Register today for monthly email alerts!  TABLE OF CONTENTS October 2014 Volume 10, Issue 10 Editorial Commentary Thesis Research Highlights News and Views Correction Letters Articles Erratum Futures Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Communications soon to be fully open access   From 20th October Nature Communications, will become fully open access for all new submissions. If an author has a manuscript they wish to submit to the journal via the subscription route, they must submit before 20th October. After this date all new submissions, if accepted, will be published open access and an article processing charge (APC) will apply. For any questions on the switch, open access or advice on policies and funding, visit our website, read the press release or contact our dedicated support team at openaccess@nature.com.   Editorial Top On the money   p699 doi:10.1038/nphys3128 Increases in governmental funding for research are outmatched by the swelling ranks of scientists competing for grants. Physicists are starting to look for creative alternatives to complement their funding. Commentary Top Together we stand   pp700 - 702 Ioannis Pavlidis, Alexander M. Petersen and Ioanna Semendeferi doi:10.1038/nphys3110 University culture stands at a critical crossroads: the era of team science is upon us functionally, but not yet structurally. Solutions to the problems this mismatch creates involve rethinking education — and giving credit where credit is due. Thesis Top Clear as a Bell   p703 Mark Buchanan doi:10.1038/nphys3118 Research Highlights Top Detour ahead | Drive for a spin | Two-star show | Break the ice | Shine a light News and Views Top Two-dimensional quantum transport: Tunnel vision   pp705 - 706 Isao H. Inoue doi:10.1038/nphys3098 A superconducting surface under a drop of ionic liquid, when divided into two banks by a strip of insulating material having a single quantum point contact, becomes a device for discovering quantum phenomena. See also: Letter by Gallagher et al. Magnetism: Radicals unite   p706 Abigail Klopper doi:10.1038/nphys3120 Quantum memory: Needle in a haystack   pp707 - 708 Klaus Mølmer doi:10.1038/nphys3079 Hybrid systems offer attractive possibilities for quantum information processing. Experiments show how off-resonant coupling to a microwave resonator can prolong the storage of photons inside a large collection of precessing spins. See also: Letter by Putz et al. Quantum gases: The high-symmetry switch   pp708 - 709 Alexey V. Gorshkov doi:10.1038/nphys3107 Accessing orbital exchange between highly symmetric many-component spins may hold the key to a number of exotic, strongly correlated quantum phenomena, but probing such exchange is far from easy. An experiment with ultracold gases takes on the task. See also: Article by Scazza et al. Carbon nanotubes: Perfect mismatch   pp709 - 711 João Lopes dos Santos doi:10.1038/nphys3108 The electronic coupling between two stacked atomic layers is usually weak if their periodicities are incommensurate. Optical absorption experiments have now revealed unexpectedly strong interlayer coupling in incommensurate double-walled carbon nanotubes. See also: Letter by Liu et al. Fluid dynamics: Swimming across scales   pp711 - 712 Johannes Baumgart and Benjamin M. Friedrich doi:10.1038/nphys3099 The myriad creatures that inhabit the waters of our planet all swim using different mechanisms. Now, a simple relation links key physical observables of underwater locomotion, on scales ranging from millimetres to tens of metres. See also: Letter by Gazzola et al. Multilayer networks: Dangerous liaisons?   pp712 - 714 Ginestra Bianconi doi:10.1038/nphys3097 Many networks interact with one another by forming multilayer networks, but these structures can lead to large cascading failures. The secret that guarantees the robustness of multilayer networks seems to be in their correlations. See also: Letter by Reis et al. Physics JOBS of the week Post-doctoral fellowships in Theoretical Physics Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare Faculty in Experimental Particle Physics University of Pennsylvania Professor (W3) of Biomedical Physics Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Biophysics / Computational Physics Khalifa University of Science Technology and Research Tenure-Track Faculty Opening in Experimental Space Physics Washington University More Science jobs from Physics EVENT Physics of Emergent Behaviour 2015 9th - 10th July 2015 London, UK More science events from Correction Top Correction   p714 doi:10.1038/nphys3131 Letters Top Confined quantum Zeno dynamics of a watched atomic arrow   pp715 - 719 Adrien Signoles, Adrien Facon, Dorian Grosso, Igor Dotsenko, Serge Haroche et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3076 Repeatedly probing a quantum system restricts its evolution, providing a route for state engineering. Such confinement, described by quantum Zeno dynamics, has now been implemented to generate superposition states in a multi-level Rydberg atom. Protecting a spin ensemble against decoherence in the strong-coupling regime of cavity QED   pp720 - 724 S. Putz, D. O. Krimer, R. Amsüss, A. Valookaran, T. Nöbauer et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3050 Hybridized systems offer a promising route for developing quantum devices, but inhomogeneous broadening limits the practical use of large spin ensembles. Suppression of the decoherence induced by such broadening has now been demonstrated for a superconducting cavity coupled to an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond. See also: News and Views by Mølmer Environment-assisted quantum control of a solid-state spin via coherent dark states   pp725 - 730 Jack Hansom, Carsten H. H. Schulte, Claire Le Gall, Clemens Matthiesen, Edmund Clarke et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3077 The interaction of a quantum system with its surroundings is usually detrimental, introducing decoherence. Experiments now show how such interactions can be harnessed to provide all-optical control of the spin state of a quantum dot. Trajectory of the anomalous Hall effect towards the quantized state in a ferromagnetic topological insulator   pp731 - 736 J. G. Checkelsky, R. Yoshimi, A. Tsukazaki, K. S. Takahashi, Y. Kozuka et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3053 Quantized resistivity values for 2D electron systems don't necessarily result from an external magnetic field as in the 'normal' quantum Hall effect; they can arise due to a material's intrinsic ferromagnetism too—the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Experiments with a ferromagnetic topological insulator now establish how the anomalous states can be mapped onto the normal states. Van der Waals-coupled electronic states in incommensurate double-walled carbon nanotubes   pp737 - 742 Kaihui Liu, Chenhao Jin, Xiaoping Hong, Jihoon Kim, Alex Zettl et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3042 Two concentric carbon nanotubes don't need to have a common finite unit cell. Absorption spectra of such incommensurate double-walled carbon nanotubes reveal strong hybridization of the electron wavefunctions — unusual for van der Waals-coupled structures. The observations can be rationalized by zone folding the electronic structure of twisted-and-stretched graphene bilayers. See also: News and Views by dos Santos Gate-dependent pseudospin mixing in graphene/boron nitride moire superlattices   pp743 - 747 Zhiwen Shi, Chenhao Jin, Wei Yang, Long Ju, Jason Horng et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3075 Electrons in graphene have a pseudospin, but controlling this degree of freedom is challenging. Evidence now suggests that the moiré superlattices arising in two-dimensional heterostructures can be used to electrically manipulate pseudospins. Gate-tunable superconducting weak link and quantum point contact spectroscopy on a strontium titanate surface   pp748 - 752 Patrick Gallagher, Menyoung Lee, James R. Williams and David Goldhaber-Gordon doi:10.1038/nphys3049 Strontium titanate is a common substrate for growing oxide heterostructures—from superconductors to interfaces that support several phases of matter. But in an all-strontium-titanate device with a liquid electrolyte and metal-oxide gate, the results are anything but common. See also: News and Views by Inoue Nonlinear inelastic electron scattering revealed by plasmon-enhanced electron energy-loss spectroscopy   pp753 - 757 Chun Kai Xu, Wen Jie Liu, Pan Ke Zhang, Meng Li, Han Jun Zhang et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3051 Electron energy-loss spectroscopy uses inelastically scattered electrons to provide information about a material's chemical composition. It is now shown that localized plasmonic excitations can lead to nonlinear scattering, significantly enhancing the signals arising from inelastic electrons. Scaling macroscopic aquatic locomotion   pp758 - 761 Mattia Gazzola, Médéric Argentina and L. Mahadevan doi:10.1038/nphys3078 Nonlinear inertial flows usually influence the motion of swimming organisms, but most studies focus on the tractable case of swimmers too small to feel such effects. A mechanistic principle now unifies the varied dynamics of macroscopic swimmers. See also: News and Views by Baumgart & Friedrich Avoiding catastrophic failure in correlated networks of networks   pp762 - 767 Saulo D. S. Reis, Yanqing Hu, Andrés Babino, José S. Andrade Jr, Santiago Canals et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3081 Connecting complex networks is known to exacerbate perturbations and lead to cascading failures, but natural networks of networks are surprisingly stable. A theory now proposes that network structure holds the key to understanding this paradox. See also: News and Views by Bianconi Articles Top Universal van der Waals physics for three cold atoms near Feshbach resonances   pp768 - 773 Yujun Wang and Paul S. Julienne doi:10.1038/nphys3071 A class of van der Waals universality is introduced in the collision dynamics of three identical ultracold atoms at all scattering lengths. It is insensitive to short-range chemical details and can be computed using two-body parameters only. Quantum criticality of topological phase transitions in three-dimensional interacting electronic systems   pp774 - 778 Bohm-Jung Yang, Eun-Gook Moon, Hiroki Isobe and Naoto Nagaosa doi:10.1038/nphys3060 In a topological material, Weyl fermions—with relativistic and Newtonian characteristics—at a quantum critical point couple to the Coulomb interaction, leading to an anisotropic screening such that the fermions are effectively non-interacting. Observation of two-orbital spin-exchange interactions with ultracold SU(N)-symmetric fermions   pp779 - 784 F. Scazza, C. Hofrichter, M. Höfer, P. C. De Groot, I. Bloch et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3061 Using the two stable electronic states of alkaline-earth atoms, an orbital spin-exchange interaction—the building block of orbital quantum magnetism—has been observed in a fermionic quantum gas. See also: News and Views by Gorshkov Erratum Top Erratum: Hierarchy of Hofstadter states and replica quantum Hall ferromagnetism in graphene superlattices   p784 G. L. Yu, R. V. Gorbachev, J. S. Tu, A. V. Kretinin, Y. Cao et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3112 Futures Top Wonderful things   p786 Brian Clegg doi:10.1038/nphys3133 A date with the past. Top Advertisement Nature Insight Exoplanets Almost 20 years after the discovery of the first exoplanet this Insight brings together a selection of reviews discussing our current theoretical understanding of exoplanets and their atmospheres, the missions that led to exoplanet discovery and the instruments, both present and future, that characterize planetary atmospheres. Access the Insight online      Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. 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