Nature Medicine Contents: September 2014 Volume 20 Number 9 pp 967-1078

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To learn more, please visit www.lightcycler96.com TABLE OF CONTENTS September 2014 Volume 20, Issue 9 Editorial News Book Review News and Views Research Highlights Articles Letters Technical Reports Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Podcast Advertisement Q&A with Eppendorf Award 2014 winner, Madeline Lancaster Madeline Lancaster is this year's recipient of the Eppendorf Award for Young European Investigators, which recognizes talented young individuals working in the field of biomedical research in Europe. Read excerpts from an interview with Madeline and learn about her work in this Q&A feature article.     Editorial Top Ebola: a call to action   p967 doi:10.1038/nm.3689 The size, speed and potential reach of the 2014 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa presents a wake-up call to the research and pharmaceutical communities[mdash]and to federal governments[mdash]of the continuing need to invest resources in the study and cure of emerging infectious diseases. News Top Malaria vaccine, destined for Africa, seeks OK from Europe   pp968 - 969 Cassandra Willyard doi:10.1038/nm0914-968 Efficacy studies build up the case for prenatal immunization   pp970 - 972 Amanda B Keener doi:10.1038/nm0914-970 Clinical labs worry proposed FDA rules may force tough choices   p973 Sarah CP Williams doi:10.1038/nm0914-973 News in Brief Biomedical briefing   pp974 - 975 doi:10.1038/nm0914-974 News Features Oldie but goodie: Repurposing penicillin for tuberculosis   pp976 - 978 Amanda B. Keener doi:10.1038/nm0914-976 Blood feud: The debate over how long blood lasts   pp979 - 982 Jeanne Erdmann doi:10.1038/nm0914-979 What's in the Bag?   p981 Jeanne Erdmann doi:10.1038/nm0914-981 Book Review Top Cancer, anthropology and anger   p983 Charles Roberts reviews Malignant: How Cancer Becomes Us by S. Lochlann Jain doi:10.1038/nm.3674 News and Views Top Neuregulin-1 alleviates Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in rats   pp984 - 985 Rudolf Martini doi:10.1038/nm.3684 Disrupted differentiation of Schwann cells contributes to axonal loss in a rat model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A neuropathy. Early neuregulin-1 treatment promotes Schwann cell differentiation, preserves axons and restores nerve function in this model. See also: Letter by Fledrich et al. Atypical transforming growth factor-[beta] signaling in the hypothalamus is linked to diabetes   pp985 - 987 Eliana P Araujo, Claudio T de Souza and Licio A Velloso doi:10.1038/nm.3673 Aging and a high-fat diet are predisposing factors for type 2 diabetes. A study in mice suggests that dietary fat and aging lead to atypical transforming growth factor-[beta]1 signaling in the hypothalamus, which disturbs whole-body glucose regulation. See also: Article by Yan et al. Activating internal ribosome entry to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy   pp987 - 988 Shireen R Lamande and Kathryn N North doi:10.1038/nm.3677 Mutations in the DMD gene, encoding dystrophin, cause the most common forms of muscular dystrophy. A new study shows that forcing translation of DMD from an internal ribosome entry site can alleviate Duchenne muscular dystrophy symptoms in a mouse model. See also: Article by Wein et al. Inhibiting Janus kinases to treat alopecia areata   pp989 - 990 Sherrie J Divito and Thomas S Kupper doi:10.1038/nm.3685 Alopecia areata is an immune-mediated, nonscarring form of hair loss. A new study using human clinical samples and a mouse model demonstrates that CD8[alpha][beta]+NKG2D+ T effector memory cells mediate alopecia areata in part through Janus kinase (JAK) signaling and that alopecia areata might be treated with JAK inhibitors. See also: Letter by Xing et al. Nature Medicine JOBS of the week Bioinformatics Position (m / f) Fraunhofer Gesellschaft FhG, Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME) Postdoctoral Position in Behavioral Neuroscience University of Gothenburg (GU) POSTDOC : Organic Memory Devices and their Implementation in Neuromorphic Circuits CEA French Atomic and Alternative Energies Commission Tenure Track Faculty Positions The Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis More Science jobs from Nature Medicine EVENT The 6th Annual Personalized Medicine Conference 29.-30.10.14 San Francisco, US More science events from Research Highlights Top Developmental disorders: p53 and CHARGE syndrome | Depression: miR135 promotes resilience | Inflammation: IFN's anti-inflammatory effects | Cancer: An estrogen receptor for survival Articles Top Translation from a DMD exon 5 IRES results in a functional dystrophin isoform that attenuates dystrophinopathy in humans and mice   pp992 - 1000 Nicolas Wein, Adeline Vulin, Maria S Falzarano, Christina Al-Khalili Szigyarto, Baijayanta Maiti et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3628 A novel internal ribosomal entry site in the 5' end of the dystrophin gene allows for expression of a form of the protein that could be therapeutic for certain forms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. See also: News and Views by Lamande & North Obesity- and aging-induced excess of central transforming growth factor-[beta] potentiates diabetic development via an RNA stress response   pp1001 - 1008 Jingqi Yan, Hai Zhang, Ye Yin, Juxue Li, Yizhe Tang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3616 Obesity and aging result in elevated levels of central TGF-[beta], resulting in hypothalamic inflammation and the development of type 2 diabetes. See also: News and Views by Araujo et al. Wnt4 signaling prevents skeletal aging and inflammation by inhibiting nuclear factor-[kappa]B   pp1009 - 1017 Bo Yu, Jia Chang, Yunsong Liu, Jiong Li, Kareena Kevork et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3586 Wnt4 promotes bone growth while inhibiting bone loss to prevent osteopenia in a mouse model. An acetate switch regulates stress erythropoiesis   pp1018 - 1026 Min Xu, Jason S Nagati, Jian Xie, Jiwen Li, Holly Walters et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3587 Manipulation of acetate levels in mice can affect the activity of the hypoxia-responsive transcription factor HIF-2[alpha] and facilitate recovery from anemia. Rationale for co-targeting IGF-1R and ALK in ALK fusion-positive lung cancer   pp1027 - 1034 Christine M Lovly, Nerina T McDonald, Heidi Chen, Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran, Lukas C Heukamp et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3667 Activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor may underlie clinical resistance to inhibition of the anaplastic lymphoma receptor kinase in lung cancer. The G protein [alpha] subunit G[alpha]s is a tumor suppressor in Sonic hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma   pp1035 - 1042 Xuelian He, Liguo Zhang, Ying Chen, Marc Remke, David Shih et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3666 Deficiency in Gnas, encoding the Gs protein [alpha] subunit, is sufficient to induce medulloblastoma in mice due to derepression of the Sonic hedgehog pathway. Letters Top Alopecia areata is driven by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is reversed by JAK inhibition   pp1043 - 1049 Luzhou Xing, Zhenpeng Dai, Ali Jabbari, Jane E Cerise, Claire A Higgins et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3645 Cytotoxic T cells are necessary and sufficient for the development of alopecia areata in mice, while JAK inhibition promotes regrowth of hair in patients and mice with established disease. See also: News and Views by Divito & Kupper CAPON-nNOS coupling can serve as a target for developing new anxiolytics   pp1050 - 1054 Li-Juan Zhu, Ting-You Li, Chun-Xia Luo, Nan Jiang, Lei Chang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3644 Blocking the binding between two proteins whose interaction is increased during stress can reduce anxiety in mouse models. See also: News and Views by Martini Soluble neuregulin-1 modulates disease pathogenesis in rodent models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1A   pp1055 - 1061 Robert Fledrich, Ruth M Stassart, Axel Klink, Lennart M Rasch, Thomas Prukop et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3664 Postnatal administration of neuregulin-1 into rodent models of the peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease can ameliorate motor symptoms. Technical Reports Top In vivo proteomic imaging analysis of caveolae reveals pumping system to penetrate solid tumors   pp1062 - 1068 Phil Oh, Jacqueline E Testa, Per Borgstrom, Halina Witkiewicz, Yan Li et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3623 Proteomic-imaging analysis of caveolae shows active transvascular pumping of antibodies across the endothelial cell barrier and into solid tumors against a concentration gradient. Micromagnetic resonance relaxometry for rapid label-free malaria diagnosis   pp1069 - 1073 Weng Kung Peng, Tian Fook Kong, Chee Sheng Ng, Lan Chen, Yongxue Huang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3622 An implantable microfluidic device for self-monitoring of intraocular pressure   pp1074 - 1078 Ismail E Araci, Baolong Su, Stephen R Quake and Yossi Mandel doi:10.1038/nm.3621 Continuous 24-hour intraocular pressure self-monitoring device for glaucoma management using an implantable sensor with smartphone readout. 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