Nature Climate Change Contents August 2014 Volume 4 Number 8 pp 645-735

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TABLE OF CONTENTS August 2014 Volume 4, Issue 8 Editorial Correspondence Commentaries Market Watch Research Highlights News and Views Correction Perspectives Letters Article Erratum Corrigendum Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter     Advertisement Climate Change: Raising Ambition, Delivering Results  3-4 November 2014, Chatham House, London  This event will take stock of recent developments, including the latest science, the findings of high-level commissions, initiatives from the business community and the UN Secretary General?s Climate Summit. Looking forward to 2015, it will examine opportunities to raise ambition and convert this into results. Speakers include Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary, UNFCCC       Editorial Top Job for Jakarta p645 doi:10.1038/nclimate2338 Indonesia's incoming government must act decisively to protect the nation's forests. Correspondence Top Wetter then drier in some tropical areas pp646 - 647 Ed Hawkins, Manoj Joshi and Dave Frame doi:10.1038/nclimate2299 A note of caution about the excess winter deaths measure p647 Shakoor Hajat and Sari Kovats doi:10.1038/nclimate2302 See also: Correspondence by Philip Staddon et al. Reply to 'A note of caution about the excess winter deaths measure' p648 Philip Staddon, Hugh Montgomery and Michael Depledge doi:10.1038/nclimate2304 See also: Correspondence by Shakoor Hajat et al. Missing tree rings and the AD 774–775 radiocarbon event pp648 - 649 Scott Rutherford and Michael E. Mann doi:10.1038/nclimate2315 Power to the people pp649 - 650 Murray Goulden doi:10.1038/nclimate2325 Commentaries Top Debt relief and financing climate change action pp650 - 653 Adrian Fenton, Helena Wright, Stavros Afionis, Jouni Paavola and Saleemul Huq doi:10.1038/nclimate2303 Slow progress in scaling-up climate finance has emerged as a major bottleneck in international negotiations. Debt relief for climate finance swaps could provide an alternative source for financing mitigation and adaptation action in developing countries. The social heart of global environmental change pp653 - 655 Heide Hackmann, Susanne C. Moser and Asuncion Lera St. Clair doi:10.1038/nclimate2320 The environmental challenges that confront society are unprecedented and staggering in their scope, pace and complexity. Unless we reframe and examine them through a social lens, societal responses will be too little, too late, and potentially blind to negative consequences. See also: Commentary by C. P. Weaver et al. From global change science to action with social sciences pp656 - 659 C. P. Weaver, S. Mooney, D. Allen, N. Beller-Simms, T. Fish, A. E. Grambsch, W. Hohenstein, K. Jacobs, M. A. Kenney, M. A. Lane, L. Langner, E. Larson, D. L. McGinnis, R. H. Moss, L. G. Nichols, C. Nierenberg, E. A. Seyller, P. C. Stern and R. Winthrop doi:10.1038/nclimate2319 US efforts to integrate social and biophysical sciences to address the issue of global change exist within a wider movement to understand global change as a societal challenge and to inform policy. Insights from the social sciences can help transform global change research into action. See also: Commentary by Heide Hackmann et al. Market Watch Top Adaptation with participation pp660 - 661 Anna Petherick doi:10.1038/nclimate2324 As international efforts towards adaptation shift from finding the cash to designing the processes through which it will be spent, Anna Petherick asks what we can learn from participatory budgeting. Research Highlights Top Biodiversity: Conserving immigrants | Policy: Flood risk governance | Climate impacts: Fire fuels change | Climate impacts: Wind ups ocean heat News and Views Top Climate policy: Reforming emissions trading pp663 - 664 Ottmar Edenhofer doi:10.1038/nclimate2327 Courageous steps are required to reform the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme. To this end, an independent carbon authority has been proposed — this is a move in the right direction, but should be part of a much broader discussion about reforming emissions trading. Atmospheric science: Quiet weather, polluted air pp664 - 665 John Dawson doi:10.1038/nclimate2306 Severe air pollution episodes are caused by certain types of weather. Now, research suggests these meteorological conditions will become more common due to climate change. See also: Letter by Daniel E. Horton et al. Ecosystem science: Plump trees win under drought pp666 - 667 Anna Sala and Maurizio Mencuccini doi:10.1038/nclimate2329 The long-held assumption that the storage of starch and related compounds helps plants cope with drought stress is now supported by much needed experimental evidence. See also: Letter by Michael J. O' Brien et al. Biodiversity: Penguins in peril pp667 - 668 Madan K. Oli doi:10.1038/nclimate2328 Climate-driven demographic changes could cause drastic decline in the global emperor penguin population, driving some colonies to extinction. See also: Letter by Stéphanie Jenouvrier et al. Climate change ecology: Older and wiser pp668 - 669 Heidi Burdett doi:10.1038/nclimate2316 Historical records of long-lived marine organisms may provide the key to understanding how marine ecosystems will respond to projected climate change. See also: Letter by S. J. McCoy et al. nclimate JOBS of the week PhD studentship in New methods for quantifying sources of black carbon King's College London Marine Earth Observation Scientists (x3) Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) PhD position in Global Change Ecology / Isotope Biogeochemistry University of Vienna (Universitaet Wien) 11 Doctoral Positions and 4 Scholarships Graduate School "Human Development in Landscapes" at Kiel University Non-Tenure Track Associate Professor / Assistant Professor in Environmental Economics and Policy The University of Hong Kong More Science jobs from nclimate EVENT Pharmacology 2014 16.12.14 London, UK More science events from Correction Top Correction p669 doi:10.1038/nclimate2321 Perspectives Top Science integration into US climate and ocean policy pp671 - 677 Laura E. Petes, Jennifer F. Howard, Brian S. Helmuth and Elizabeth K. Fly doi:10.1038/nclimate2312 Marine systems around the world are increasingly affected by climate change. This Perspective describes emerging US initiatives aimed at enhancing ocean resilience to climate change. Ocean management issues that would benefit from more systematic consideration of climate information are identified, along with opportunities for advancing partnerships between scientists, policy makers and society to address ocean and climate issues. Limited potential of no-till agriculture for climate change mitigation pp678 - 683 David S. Powlson, Clare M. Stirling, M. L. Jat, Bruno G. Gerard, Cheryl A. Palm, Pedro A. Sanchez and Kenneth G. Cassman doi:10.1038/nclimate2292 No-till agriculture is generally considered good for soils, and probably also beneficial in relation to climate change adaptation. However, this Perspective argues that the potential for climate change mitigation through soil carbon sequestration that is possible from a change to no-till agriculture has been widely overstated. Letters Top Potential contribution of wind energy to climate change mitigation pp684 - 688 R. J. Barthelmie and S. C. Pryor doi:10.1038/nclimate2269 The increased use of wind turbines for power generation could play an important role in climate change mitigation efforts. This study shows that, assuming greenhouse gas emissions are kept in check and energy-use efficiency increases, crossing the 2 °C warming threshold could be significantly delayed or even avoided altogether depending on how aggressively wind energy is taken up over coming decades. Potential for concentrating solar power to provide baseload and dispatchable power pp689 - 692 Stefan Pfenninger, Paul Gauché, Johan Lilliestam, Kerstin Damerau, Fabian Wagner and Anthony Patt doi:10.1038/nclimate2276 Intermittency is often cited as the single greatest hurdle to making a transition from a fossil-based power system to one based on renewables. This study shows that a network of solar power plants, located in deserts, could provide significant baseload in four world regions, suggesting that decarbonization of the power system may be possible and affordable, even if no new technologies come online. Insights from Antarctica on volcanic forcing during the Common Era pp693 - 697 Michael Sigl, Joseph R. McConnell, Matthew Toohey, Mark Curran, Sarah B. Das, Ross Edwards, Elisabeth Isaksson, Kenji Kawamura, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Kirstin Krüger, Lawrence Layman, Olivia J. Maselli, Yuko Motizuki, Hideaki Motoyama, Daniel R. Pasteris and Mirko Severi doi:10.1038/nclimate2293 Historical aerosol forcing from large volcanic eruptions are reconstructed from sulphate deposition measured in ice cores. This study updates these records by using a more extensive collection of Antarctic ice cores, which provide new records and accurate dating of published records. The results show that prior to the year 1500 the reconstructions were either previously overestimating global aerosol forcing by 20–30% or underestimating it by 20–50%. This has implications for estimates of climate sensitivity. Occurrence and persistence of future atmospheric stagnation events pp698 - 703 Daniel E. Horton, Christopher B. Skinner, Deepti Singh and Noah S. Diffenbaugh doi:10.1038/nclimate2272 Atmospheric stagnation can have serious health implications due to increased pollution exposure. This study investigates how global warming will alter atmospheric circulation and the resulting changes in the frequency and persistence of stagnation events. The authors find an overall increase in the size of the population exposed to these events and highlight the need to evaluate air pollution management. See also: News and Views by John Dawson Amplified mid-latitude planetary waves favour particular regional weather extremes pp704 - 709 James A. Screen and Ian Simmonds doi:10.1038/nclimate2271 An increase in extreme weather events in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes has been proposed as a result of amplification of atmospheric planetary waves in the region. This study finds months of extreme weather are associated with amplified planetary waves, with different types of extreme events associated to differing degrees. Drought survival of tropical tree seedlings enhanced by non-structural carbohydrate levels pp710 - 714 Michael J. O'Brien, Sebastian Leuzinger, Christopher D. Philipson, John Tay and Andy Hector doi:10.1038/nclimate2281 Widespread forest die-back due to the increasing frequency and intensity of drought in many parts of the planet is focusing attention on the mechanisms of tree drought resistance. This study provides direct experimental evidence that greater non-structural carbohydrate concentrations before drought help maintain hydraulic function and thereby prolong drought tolerance in seedlings of ten tropical tree species. See also: News and Views by Anna Sala et al. Projected continent-wide declines of the emperor penguin under climate change pp715 - 718 Stéphanie Jenouvrier, Marika Holland, Julienne Stroeve, Mark Serreze, Christophe Barbraud, Henri Weimerskirch and Hal Caswell doi:10.1038/nclimate2280 The criteria used to classify species as being at risk of extinction are based on global population estimates, making global-scale analysis important for conservation. Now, a study projecting population dynamics of all 45 known emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) colonies indicates long-term decline, primarily due to altered Antarctic sea ice conditions. See also: News and Views by Madan K. Oli Skeletal trade-offs in coralline algae in response to ocean acidification pp719 - 723 S. J. McCoy and F. Ragazzola doi:10.1038/nclimate2273 Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are potential ‘poster children’ of ocean acidification stress, yet their stress responses have been poorly studied in a natural or ecological context. Now, a comparison of historical and modern specimens from a site with a declining pH trend over a 30-year period reveals trade-offs in skeletal traits tied to calcium carbonate use in response to ocean acidification in four CCA species. See also: News and Views by Heidi Burdett Interdependency of tropical marine ecosystems in response to climate change pp724 - 729 Megan I. Saunders, Javier X. Leon, David P. Callaghan, Chris M. Roelfsema, Sarah Hamylton, Christopher J. Brown, Tom Baldock, Aliasghar Golshani, Stuart R. Phinn, Catherine E. Lovelock, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Colin D. Woodroffe and Peter J. Mumby doi:10.1038/nclimate2274 Linkages between neighbouring ecosystems are rarely considered when seeking to predict ecological responses to climate change. However, the finding that the impact of climate change on seagrass beds is mediated by the response of neighbouring coral reef habitats highlights the need for a broader-scale view of climate change impacts on ecosystems. Article Top Primary forest cover loss in Indonesia over 2000–2012 pp730 - 735 Belinda Arunarwati Margono, Peter V. Potapov, Svetlana Turubanova, Fred Stolle and Matthew C. Hansen doi:10.1038/nclimate2277 Deforestation affects climate, biodiversity and other ecosystem services. This study quantifies Indonesia’s increasing rate of primary forest loss, which runs counter to the declining rates of loss in Brazil. The results highlight the value of thematically consistent and spatially and temporally explicit information in tracking forest change.   Erratum Top Erratum: Global models of human decision-making for land-based mitigation and adaptation assessment p736 A. Arneth, C. Brown and M. D. A. Rounsevell doi:10.1038/nclimate2311 Corrigendum Top Corrigendum: Attributing mortality from extreme temperatures to climate change in Stockholm, Sweden p736 Daniel Oudin Åström, Bertil Forsberg, Kristie L. Ebi and Joacim Rocklöv doi:10.1038/nclimate2308 Advertisement Nature Outlook Assessing Science Australia and New Zealand might be neighbours, but their programmes of research assessment are very different. 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