Nature Reviews Neuroscience contents March 2014 Volume 15 Number 3 pp 133-201

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Just one of many high-quality articles from Frontiers in Human Neuroscience:  Taming a wandering attention: Short-form mindfulness training in student cohorts Mindfulness training (MT) is a form of mental training in which individuals engage in exercises to cultivate an attentive, present centered, and non-reactive mental mode. In this study, Amishi P. Jha and colleagues examine the putative benefits of MT in University students for whom mind wandering can interfere with academic success.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
March 2014 Volume 15 Number 3
Impact Factor 31.673 *	In this issue Research Highlights Reviews Perspectives Also this month  Featured article: Synaptic tagging during memory allocation Thomas Rogerson, Denise J. Cai, Adam Frank, Yoshitake Sano, Justin Shobe, Manuel F. Lopez-Aranda & Alcino J. Silva
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Glia: A critical mass of microglia? p133 | doi:10.1038/nrn3700 A sufficient number of microglia must be present during postnatal development to ensure normal long-range connectivity and social behaviour in adulthood. PDF Sensory systems: Protons: thinking laterally p134 | doi:10.1038/nrn3690 Lateral inhibition of photoreceptors in the zebrafish retina is mediated by proton efflux from horizontal cells. PDF Learning and memory: Unlearning fear p134 | doi:10.1038/nrn3695 In mice, behavioural training is effective at attenuating old fear memories in mice if these memories are epigenetically 'primed' after recall by treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor. PDF Synaptic transmission: Membrane lipids channel a message p135 | doi:10.1038/nrn3701 The membrane lipid arachidonic acid is released from the postsynaptic neuron and can potentiate synaptic transmission by inhibiting presynaptic voltage-gated potassium channels. PDF Sleep: A rude awakening p136 | doi:10.1038/nrn3696 A new study shows that responsiveness of the Caenorhabditis elegans ASH avoidance circuit to aversive stimuli is reduced during sleep and reveals that re-establishment of synchrony between interneurons in this circuit is crucial for rapid reversal to wakefulness. PDF Neuroendocrinology: Programming the projections p136 | doi:10.1038/nrn3699 In mice, excessive maternal calorie intake during lactation 'metabolically programmes' offspring by altering their hypothalamic axon projections. PDF Cell biology of the neuron: Epidermal cells eat up dendrites p137 | doi:10.1038/nrn3688 A new study reveals that epidermal cells engulf and degrade degenerating dendrites in the Drosophila melanogaster peripheral nervous system. PDF Synaptic plasticity: Unmasked: dendritic mRNA dynamics p138 | doi:10.1038/nrn3697 Endogenous β-actin mRNA is masked from translation by association with a protein complex and is released by synaptic activity. PDF Fear: Balancing memories p138 | doi:10.1038/nrn3698 Fear extinction induces a shift in the balance of activity between 'fear neurons' and 'extinction neurons' in the basal amygdala, which project to prelimbic and infralimbic portions of the medial prefrontal cortex, respectively. PDF IN BRIEF Metabolism: PFC neurons take control of food intake | Neuroanatomy: Following subcortical development | Spatial processing: The place of head-direction cells | Synaptic physiology: mROS link metabolism to GABA transmission | Behavioural neuroscience: Feeling frazzled | Neurophysiology: Hunger games | Neurodegenerative disease: Chromatin takes it easy | Sensory systems: Oxytocin emerges from the darkness PDF Neuroscience JOBS of the week Postdoc in Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS Paris) Postdoctoral Position Advanced Image Analysis / Computational Neuroscience Washington University School of Medicine Postdoctoral Fellows in Visual Neuroscience Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) postdoc position Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Assistant Professor (Tenure Track) in Rehabilitation Engineering ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT Magstim Neuroscience Conference 2014 10.05.14 Oxford, UK More science events from **
REVIEWS		Top
Gephyrin: a master regulator of neuronal function? Shiva K. Tyagarajan & Jean-Marc Fritschy p141 | doi:10.1038/nrn3670 In neurons, gephyrin self-assembles into a protein scaffold that interacts with the cytoskeleton and anchors glycine and type A GABA receptors at postsynaptic sites. Tyagarajan and Fritschy review the formation and regulation of these scaffolds and how they in turn regulate inhibitory synapse formation and function. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
Synaptic tagging during memory allocation Thomas Rogerson, Denise J. Cai, Adam Frank, Yoshitake Sano, Justin Shobe, Manuel F. Lopez-Aranda & Alcino J. Silva p157 | doi:10.1038/nrn3667 Memories are thought to be represented in the brain by the 'memory trace' — altered levels of activity in specific neurons and synapses in a neural network. In this Review, Silva and colleagues discuss emerging evidence that the neurons and synapses involved in encoding a particular memory are not random but are specifically 'allocated' based on complex molecular signatures that are determined by the recent activity history of the neuron. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions Stefan Koelsch p170 | doi:10.1038/nrn3666 This Review examines recent studies showing that music modulates activity in core brain structures involved in the processing of emotion. The ability of music to change activity in these structures has implications for the development of music therapies in the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
PERSPECTIVES		Top
OPINION Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, spatial memory and anxiety David M. Bannerman, Rolf Sprengel, David J. Sanderson, Stephen B. McHugh, J. Nicholas P. Rawlins, Hannah Monyer & Peter H. Seeburg p181 | doi:10.1038/nrn3677 In this Perspective, Seeburg and colleagues re-examine the role of the hippocampus in spatial learning in light of recent findings. They also suggest that the hippocampus has a role in resolving conflict or uncertainty that might also explain its role in anxiety. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
OPINION On the other hand: including left-handers in cognitive neuroscience and neurogenetics Roel M. Willems, Lise Van der Haegen, Simon E. Fisher & Clyde Francks p193 | doi:10.1038/nrn3679 Left-handers are often excluded from neuroscience and neurogenetics studies in order to reduce variance in the data. In this Perspective, Willems et al. discuss the potential of studying this substantial but often-ignored portion of the population. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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