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SciBX: Science-Business eXchange
Collection on Brown Fat
This special collection from SciBX: Science-Business eXchange provides an overview of the state of affairs on brown fat from the scientific, business and regulatory perspectives.
Click here to access the Collection for free!
Sponsored by: Ember Therapeutics
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Light it up
Tracey Baas
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.1
Poor tumor definition makes it hard to remove all malignant cells during cancer surgery. A Texas team has designed fluorescent nanoparticles that can light up tumors regardless of genotype or phenotype, potentially allowing surgeons to achieve more complete tumor resection.
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Targets and Mechanisms | Top |
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The next battle line against melanoma
Lev Osherovich
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.2
Boston and Los Angeles researchers have reported mechanisms of resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors in melanoma. The work points to targets downstream of BRAF that could lead to combination therapies to forestall resistance to marketed melanoma therapeutics.
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Targets and Mechanisms | Top |
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Covalent hits on KRAS
Amy Donner
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.3
UCSF- and Harvard Medical School–led teams have independently synthesized the first covalent inhibitors of a common oncogenic form of KRAS. Araxes has licensed the UCSF team's findings and has partnered with Johnson & Johnson to optimize the compounds for in vivo testing.
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Tools | Top |
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Silencing KRAS
Lauren Martz
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.4
Oncogenic KRAS is notoriously difficult to target. Silenseed thinks its localized, sustained siRNA delivery technology, dubbed LODER, provides a viable strategy and also addresses issues of tissue targeting, cellular uptake and degradation in the blood associated with nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Distillery: Therapeutics |
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Autoimmune disease | Top |
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Inducible T cell kinase (ITK)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.5
Mouse studies suggest inhibiting ITK could help treat autoimmune diseases.
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Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R; C-FMS; CD115)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.6
Mouse studies suggest inhibiting CSF1R could increase the efficacy of adoptive T cell cancer immunotherapy.
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Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase/monooxygenase (DOHH)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.7
Studies in cell culture suggest antagonizing DOHH could be useful for treating cervical cancer.
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Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.8
In vitro studies have identified an allosteric Hsp70 inhibitor that could help treat cancer.
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K-Ras (KRAS) G12C
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.9
In vitro studies suggest an allosteric, irreversible inhibitor of KRAS G12C could help treat cancer.
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Cancer | Top |
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Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1); AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.10
In vitro and mouse studies suggest activating SIRT1 or AMPK could help prevent hypoxia-induced chemotherapy resistance.
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CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2; IL8RB)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.11
Mouse studies suggest antagonizing CXCR2 could help treat or prevent colitis-associated colon cancer.
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MAP kinase 1 (MAPK1; ERK-2); MAPK3 (ERK-1)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.12
Studies in human tissue and cell culture suggest inhibiting ERK-1 and 2 could be useful for treating melanoma resistant to a combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
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Protein kinase B (PKB; PKBA; AKT; AKT1)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.13
Studies in human tissue and cell culture suggest antagonizing AKT signaling could be useful for treating BRAF inhibitor–resistant melanoma.
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Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF); LIF receptor
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.14
Studies in mice and in patient samples suggest inhibiting LIF receptor signaling could help treat nasopharyngeal cancer.
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CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4; NPY3R); programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (CD274 molecule; PD-L1; B7-H1); CTLA-4 (CD152)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.15
Mouse studies suggest CXCR4 antagonists could help treat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Endocrine/metabolic disease | Top |
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Calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIγ (CAMK2G)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.16
Mouse studies suggest inhibiting CAMK2G could help improve hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Unfolded protein response
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.17
Studies in mice suggest compounds that activate the unfolded protein response could help treat type 1 diabetes.
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ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 6 (ABCC6; MRP6; PXE)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.18
In vitro and mouse studies suggest upregulating plasma levels of pyrophosphate could help treat pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE).
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Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; FRAP; RAFT1)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.19
Mouse studies suggest inhibiting mTOR with rapamycin could help treat Leigh's disease.
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Neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 (NPY2R); peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.20
Mouse studies suggest PYY delivered as an oral spray could help suppress appetite and treat obesity.
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Hepatic disease | Top |
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MicroRNA-21 (miR-21)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.21
Studies in mice and in human samples suggest antagonizing miR-21 could help treat liver fibrosis.
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Infectious disease | Top |
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IL-12
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.22
Mouse studies suggest antagonizing IL-12 or using vaccines that limit IL-12 production could help protect against influenza infection.
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Bacterial lipid II
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.23
In silico, in vitro and mouse studies suggest a compound that mimics the antimicrobial peptide defensin α1 (DEFA1; HNP-1) could be used to treat sepsis.
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Inflammation | Top |
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Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.24
In vitro and mouse studies identified parasitic worm–based compounds that could help treat or prevent inflammation and allergy.
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Neurology | Top |
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Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9; GDF2)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.25
Mouse studies suggest BMP9 could be useful for treating AD.
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AMPA glutamate receptor (GRIA; GLUR)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.26
Rat studies suggest GLUR potentiators could help treat depression associated with chronic pain.
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Calpastatin; calpain
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.27
In vitro and mouse studies suggest calpastatin, an inhibitor of the proteinase calpain, could help treat nerve injury.
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Ophthalmic disease | Top |
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Adrenergic receptor α1 (ADRA1); ADRA2; adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1; AC1)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.28
Mouse studies suggest antagonizing ADRA1 or stimulating ADRA2 could help treat Stargardt disease.
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Various | Top |
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BET bromodomain proteins
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.29
In vitro studies suggest inhibiting distinct bromodomains within BET bromodomain–containing proteins could have distinct therapeutic effects.
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Distillery: Techniques |
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Assays and screens | Top |
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Cancer diagnostics measuring the mechanical properties of cells
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.30
Human tissue studies suggest measuring the mechanical properties of cells could be used to diagnose cancer.
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Serum factor protein microarrays to identify autoreactive antibodies in patients with autoimmune disease
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.31
Serum factor microarrays that identify autoreactive antibodies could help identify therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases.
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Chemistry | Top |
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Site-selective fluorination of aryl carbons in nitrogen heterocycles
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.32
A method for fluorinating aryl carbons in nitrogen heterocycles could generate new drug compounds or drug intermediates for SAR studies.
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Computational models | Top |
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In silico prediction of drug toxicity based on effective plasma concentration
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.33
A logistic regression model based on effective plasma concentration (Ceff) of a compound could provide an in silico measure for predicting toxicity.
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Disease models | Top |
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Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from transgenic mice expressing human microtubule-associated protein-τ (MAPT; tau; FTDP-17) P301S recapitulate tau pathology in vitro
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.34
A cell culture model could be used to study human tau pathology and screen for drugs to treat tauopathies.
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Drug delivery | Top |
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Local drug eluter (LODER) for the prolonged delivery of siRNA
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.35
Delivery of siRNA targeting mutant K-Ras (KRAS) using LODER could help treat pancreatic cancers.
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Drug platforms | Top |
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Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into renal progenitor–like cells with tissue-forming potential
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.36
In vitro studies identified culture conditions that differentiated iPS cells into renal progenitor–like cells for kidney disease modeling or cell-based therapy.
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Imaging | Top |
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Ultra-pH–sensitive (UPS), fluorescent nanoprobe–based nanoparticles for tumor imaging
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.37
UPS, fluorescent nanoparticles could be used to specifically label tumors in vivo.
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Markers | Top |
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) loss-of-function mutations as predictors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor response
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.38
In vitro and mouse studies suggest CDK12 mutations could help predict tumor response to PARP inhibitors.
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Testis expressed 101 (TEX101) and extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) as biomarkers to identify subtypes of infertile azoospermia patients
doi:10.1038/scibx.2014.39
TEX101 and ECM1 could be used as infertility biomarkers to help identify patients with azoospermia.
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