Nature Communications - 23 December 2013

Weekly Content Alert 23 December 2013  Featured image: Wang et al. develop a 'sugar blowing' technique to synthesize three-dimensional graphene networks for energy storage applications. Latest content: Articles Corrigendum Erratum Journal homepage Recommend to library Web feed   Advertisement Scientific Reports Fast and simple publishing! Visit our Guide to Authors page to find out more. nature.com/scientificreports       Latest Articles View all Articles     Sumoylated hnRNPA2B1 controls the sorting of miRNAs into exosomes through binding to specific motifs OPEN Carolina Villarroya-Beltri, Cristina Gutiérrez-Vázquez, Fátima Sánchez-Cabo, Daniel Pérez-Hernández, Jesús Vázquez, Noa Martin-Cofreces, Dannys Jorge Martinez-Herrera, Alberto Pascual-Montano, María Mittelbrunn and Francisco Sánchez-Madrid Cells secrete micro-RNAs by packaging them into exosomes; however, the mechanisms by which this packaging occurs are unclear. Here, the authors identify a sequence motif that confers exosomal targeting to micro-RNAs and identify a ribonucleoprotein complex that plays a role in this process. 20 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3980 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Molecular biology  Gap junction signalling is a stress-regulated component of adrenal neuroendocrine stimulus-secretion coupling in vivo Michel G. Desarménien, Carole Jourdan, Bertrand Toutain, Emilie Vessières, Sheriar G. Hormuzdi and Nathalie C. Guérineau Findings from ex vivo studies suggest that gap junctional coupling contributes to hormone release in neuroendocrine/endocrine tissues. Here, the authors provide in vivo evidence that direct communication between adrenal chromaffin cells via gap junctions contributes to catecholamine secretion. 20 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3938 Biological Sciences  Neuroscience  Development of an ultra-thin film comprised of a graphene membrane and carbon nanotube vein support Xiaoyang Lin, Peng Liu, Yang Wei, Qunqing Li, Jiaping Wang, Yang Wu, Chen Feng, Lina Zhang, Shoushan Fan and Kaili Jiang Graphene has great potential in various electronic devices, but obtaining large-area suspended graphene is problematic. Here, the authors use carbon nanotubes as supports for graphene, enabling large areas of strong and 90% electron transparent suspended graphene to be realized. 20 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3920 Physical Sciences  Materials science  Nanotechnology  Transcription factor IRF4 drives dendritic cells to promote Th2 differentiation Jesse W. Williams, Melissa Y. Tjota, Bryan S. Clay, Bryan Vander Lugt, Hozefa S. Bandukwala, Cara L. Hrusch, Donna C. Decker, Kelly M. Blaine, Bethany R. Fixsen, Harinder Singh, Roger Sciammas and Anne I. Sperling Asthma is often characterized by Th2-mediated inflammatory responses, which are initiated by lung dendritic cells. Here, Williams et al. demonstrate that dendritic cell expression of transcription factor IRF4 drives Th2 differentiation through IL-33 and IL-10 activation. 20 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3990 Biological Sciences  Immunology  Poly(ADP-ribose) binding to Chk1 at stalled replication forks is required for S-phase checkpoint activation WooKee Min, Christopher Bruhn, Paulius Grigaravicius, Zhong-Wei Zhou, Fu Li, Anja Krüger, Bénazir Siddeek, Karl-Otto Greulich, Oliver Popp, Chris Meisezahl, Cornelis F. Calkhoven, Alexander Bürkle, Xingzhi Xu and Zhao-Qi Wang DNA damage at stalled replication forks activates Chk1 kinase and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase 1. Min et al. find that retention of Chk1 to stalled replication forks depends on its direct interaction with PAR, and show that PAR chain length fine-tunes Chk1 and S-phase checkpoint activation. 20 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3993 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Spliced MDM2 isoforms promote mutant p53 accumulation and gain-of-function in tumorigenesis Tongsen Zheng, Jiabei Wang, Yuhan Zhao, Cen Zhang, Meihua Lin, Xiaowen Wang, Haiyang Yu, Lianxin Liu, Zhaohui Feng and Wenwei Hu Mdm2 controls the levels of the tumour suppressor p53 in cells and p53 is often mutated in cancer. Here, Zheng et al. show that a particular Mdm2 isoform that is altered in cancer leads to elevated levels of mutant p53 protein and enhanced gain-of-function of the protein. 20 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3996 Biological Sciences  Cancer  Mapping the evolution of hierarchical microstructures in a Ni-based superalloy Florian Vogel, Nelia Wanderka, Zoltan Balogh, Mohammed Ibrahim, Patrick Stender, Guido Schmitz and John Banhart Phase separation in nickel-based superalloys is known to be complex and to determine the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. Here, the authors use atom probe tomography to study phase development, finding that nickel concentration is critical in driving the formation of the γ phase from γ'. 20 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3955 Physical Sciences  Materials science  Inactivation of the Hippo tumour suppressor pathway by integrin-linked kinase OPEN Isabel Serrano, Paul C. McDonald, Frances Lock, William J. Muller and Shoukat Dedhar The Hippo tumour suppressor pathway is inactivated in many cancer types, but how this occurs is unclear. Here, the authors show that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) has a role in inhibiting the Hippo pathway and pharmacological inhibition of ILK reduces the size of tumours in mice. 20 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3976 Biological Sciences  Cancer  Cell biology  Transcription factors FOXG1 and Groucho/TLE promote glioblastoma growth Federica Verginelli, Alessandro Perin, Rola Dali, Karen H. Fung, Rita Lo, Pierluigi Longatti, Marie-Christine Guiot, Rolando F. Del Maestro, Sabrina Rossi, Umberto di Porzio, Owen Stechishin, Samuel Weiss and Stefano Stifani Glioblastoma cancers contain brain tumour-initiating cells and targeting these specific cells is an attractive opportunity for therapy. In this study, the authors show that FOXG1 and Groucho/TLE transcription factors are important for glioblastoma growth and might be useful therapeutic targets. 20 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3956 Biological Sciences  Cancer  Cell biology  Ultrashort single-walled carbon nanotubes in a lipid bilayer as a new nanopore sensor OPEN Lei Liu, Chun Yang, Kai Zhao, Jingyuan Li and Hai-Chen Wu Nanopore sensors are a promising tool for the controlled detection of a range of possible substrates. Here the authors describe a nanopore sensor based on short single-walled carbon nanotubes inserted into a lipid bilayer, with modified sensing properties compared to longer nanotubes. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3989 Physical Sciences  Biotechnology  Materials science  Structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre determined by serial femtosecond crystallography OPEN Linda C. Johansson, David Arnlund, Gergely Katona, Thomas A. White, Anton Barty, Daniel P. DePonte, Robert L. Shoeman, Cecilia Wickstrand, Amit Sharma, Garth J. Williams, Andrew Aquila, Michael J. Bogan, Carl Caleman, Jan Davidsson, R Bruce Doak, Matthias Frank, Raimund Fromme, Lorenzo Galli, Ingo Grotjohann, Mark S. Hunter et al. Serial femtosecond crystallography is an X-ray free-electron-laser-based method that uses X-ray bursts to determine protein structures. Here the authors present the structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre, an integral membrane protein, achieved with no sign of X-ray-induced radiation damage. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3911 Physical Sciences  Biochemistry  Biophysics  STIM1/Orai1 coiled-coil interplay in the regulation of store-operated calcium entry OPEN Peter B. Stathopulos, Rainer Schindl, Marc Fahrner, Le Zheng, Geneviève M. Gasmi-Seabrook, Martin Muik, Christoph Romanin and Mitsuhiko Ikura When endoplasmic reticulum calcium levels are low, STIM1 binds to and opens Orai1 channels in the plasma membrane to replenish calcium stores. Stathopulos et al. present solution structures of the STIM1 coiled-coil domain in the presence and absence of Orai1, revealing the structural basis for this interaction. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3963 Biological Sciences  Biochemistry  Cell biology  Forced protein unfolding leads to highly elastic and tough protein hydrogels Jie Fang, Alexander Mehlich, Nobuyasu Koga, Jiqing Huang, Rie Koga, Xiaoye Gao, Chunguang Hu, Chi Jin, Matthias Rief, Juergen Kast, David Baker and Hongbin Li Protein-based hydrogels are of great interest for many biomedical applications. Here, the authors demonstrate the use of mechanical labile proteins to initiate large-scale forced unfolding in order to engineer the mechanical properties of protein-based biomaterials. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3974 Physical Sciences  Materials science  Binding of PHF1 Tudor to H3K36me3 enhances nucleosome accessibility Catherine A. Musselman, Matthew D. Gibson, Erik W. Hartwick, Justin A. North, Jovylyn Gatchalian, Michael G. Poirier and Tatiana G. Kutateladze Binding of the Tudor domain of the PHD finger protein PHF1 to H3K36me3 inhibits Polycomb PRC2 complex methyltransferase activity. Here, Musselman et al. characterize this interaction in the context of the full nucleosome and show dual binding of the PHF1 Tudor domain to H3K36me3 and double-stranded DNA. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3969 Biological Sciences  Molecular biology  Functional anatomy of an allosteric protein Prasad Purohit, Shaweta Gupta, Snehal Jadey and Anthony Auerbach ϕ analysis provides a means to tease apart the dynamics of fast conformational changes in proteins by analysing the thermodynamic impact of point mutations. Purohit et al. apply this approach on a grand scale to map energy changes associated with the opening and closing of an acetylcholine receptor. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3984 Biological Sciences  Biochemistry  Biophysics  Spatial optimization of carbon-stocking projects across Africa integrating stocking potential with co-benefits and feasibility Michelle Greve, Belinda Reyers, Anne Mette Lykke and Jens-Christian Svenning Africa is one of the fastest growing regions for the voluntary carbon market. Here, Greve et al. quantify the potential for aboveground C stocking across tropical Africa and assess the optimal placement of carbon-stocking projects when also taking co-benefits and feasibility into account. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3975 Earth Sciences  Biogeochemistry  Climate science  Evolution of the average avalanche shape with the universality class OPEN Lasse Laurson, Xavier Illa, Stéphane Santucci, Ken Tore Tallakstad, Knut Jørgen Måløy and Mikko J Alava The processes of earthquakes and plastic deformation are examples of systems which respond to slow external forces by avalanche dynamics. Here, the authors show how a fundamental fingerprint of such dynamics - the average shape of the avalanches - evolves with its universality class. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3927 Physical Sciences  Theoretical physics  Adenosine is required for sustained inflammasome activation via the A2A receptor and the HIF-1α pathway Xinshou Ouyang, Ayaz Ghani, Ahsan Malik, Tuere Wilder, Oscar Rene Colegio, Richard Anthony Flavell, Bruce Neil Cronstein and Wajahat Zafar Mehal Inflammasome activation can lead to chronic inflammatory conditions; however, the mechanisms controlling the duration of this activation are not well understood. Here, Ouyang et al. report that adenosine sustains inflammasome activity, which brings insights into the pathology of chronic inflammatory diseases. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3909 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Immunology  Ultrafast viscous water flow through nanostrand-channelled graphene oxide membranes Hubiao Huang, Zhigong Song, Ning Wei, Li Shi, Yiyin Mao, Yulong Ying, Luwei Sun, Zhiping Xu and Xinsheng Peng Pressure-driven ultrafiltration membranes are important for industrial and environmental applications. Here, the authors describe nanochannelled graphene oxide membranes, fabricated via a copper hydroxide nanostrand templating approach and evaluate their performance in water purification processes. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3979 Physical Sciences  Materials science  TCTP directly regulates ATM activity to control genome stability and organ development in Drosophila melanogaster Sung-Tae Hong and Kwang-Wook Choi Human TCTP, a highly conserved protein linked to tumorigenesis, has been implicated in the cellular DNA damage response in an ATM kinase-dependent manner. Here, Hong et al. demonstrate in vivo that Drosophila dTCTP controls genome stability by enhancing dATM activity towards its substrate H2Av. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3986 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Molecular biology  Continuous adsorption in highly ordered porous matrices made by nanolithography Giampaolo Mistura, Alessandro Pozzato, Gianluca Grenci, Lorenzo Bruschi and Massimo Tormen The idea that closed-end pores should not display an adsorption–desorption hysteresis loop has long been proposed but never experimentally confirmed. Here, through the preparation of highly uniform pores with smooth walls, the authors confirm the presence of a reversible isotherm in such systems. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3966 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  Materials science  Nanotechnology  Indoleamides are active against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Shichun Lun, Haidan Guo, Oluseye K. Onajole, Marco Pieroni, Hendra Gunosewoyo, Gang Chen, Suresh K. Tipparaju, Nicole C. Ammerman, Alan P. Kozikowski and William R. Bishai New classes of antitubercular drugs are in constant demand as drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis become more prevalent. Here, the authors characterize a class of drugs that are active against various M. tuberculosis strains, including those resistant to currently used antituberculars. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3907 Biological Sciences  Medical research  Microbiology  Codon-reading specificities of mitochondrial release factors and translation termination at non-standard stop codons Christoffer Lind, Johan Sund and Johan Åqvist Unconventional stop codons in the mitochondrial genome were thought to be recognized by the mitochondrial release factors mtRF1 and mtRF1a. Here, Lind et al. employ homology modelling and simulations to show that neither reads the putative stop codons AGA/AGG; instead, termination is due to their paralogue ICT1. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3940 Biological Sciences  Molecular biology  Structural basis of AMPK regulation by small molecule activators OPEN Bing Xiao, Matthew J. Sanders, David Carmena, Nicola J. Bright, Lesley F. Haire, Elizabeth Underwood, Bhakti R. Patel, Richard B. Heath, Philip A. Walker, Stefan Hallen, Fabrizio Giordanetto, Stephen R. Martin, David Carling and Steven J. Gamblin Small molecule activators of the energy sensing kinase AMPK are promising candidates as therapies for metabolic disease. Xiao et al. present the crystal structure of AMPK in complex with a small molecule activator, and show that the drug stabilizes interaction between the catalytic and carbohydrate-binding domains. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4017 Biological Sciences  Biochemistry  Cell biology  Engineering protein thermostability using a generic activity-independent biophysical screen inside the cell Ignacio Asial, Yue Xiang Cheng, Henrik Engman, Maria Dollhopf, Binghuang Wu, Pär Nordlund and Tobias Cornvik Methods to improve protein stability are important in the biopharmaceutical industry. Here, the authors describe a high-throughput screen to increase protein thermostability and identify thermostable variants from a broad range of proteins. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3901 Biological Sciences  Biotechnology  Molecular biology  Structural insights into the role of the Smoothened cysteine-rich domain in Hedgehog signalling Rajashree Rana, Candace E. Carroll, Ho-Jin Lee, Ju Bao, Suresh Marada, Christy R.R. Grace, Cristina D. Guibao, Stacey K. Ogden and Jie J. Zheng The Wnt receptor Frizzled binds its endogenous ligand via a cysteine-rich domain; however, the function of the equivalent domain in Smoothened, a mediator of Hedgehog signalling, is unknown. Rana et al. present the NMR solution structure of this domain, and characterize its interaction with the glucocorticoid budesonide. 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3965 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Topological structure dynamics revealing collective evolution in active nematics OPEN Xia-qing Shi and Yu-qiang Ma Topological defects are observed in a range of active systems, but their dynamical properties are largely unknown. Here, the authors use a simulation of self-propelled hard-rods to generate topological defects in active nematics, finding that their anomalous dynamics may lead to large-scale collective motions. 18 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4013 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  Materials science  Surface electronic structure of the topological Kondo-insulator candidate correlated electron system SmB6 M. Neupane, N. Alidoust, S-Y. Xu, T. Kondo, Y. Ishida, D. J. Kim, Chang Liu, I. Belopolski, Y. J. Jo, T-R. Chang, H-T. Jeng, T. Durakiewicz, L. Balicas, H. Lin, A. Bansil, S. Shin, Z. Fisk and M. Z. Hasan Samarium hexaboride, a well-known Kondo insulator, shows transport anomalies at low temperatures, which recently have been proposed to be of topological origin. Using laser- and synchrotron-based photoemission techniques, Neupane et al. find evidence for a topological Fermi surface. 18 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3991 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  Postnatal muscle modification by myogenic factors modulates neuropathology and survival in an ALS mouse model Kevin H. J. Park, Sonia Franciosi and Blair R. Leavitt MyoD and myogenin are muscle regulatory factors that are involved in muscle development. Park et al. study a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and find that MyoD and myogenin have positive and negative effects, respectively, on motor neuron degeneration and muscle denervation. 18 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3906 Biological Sciences  Neuroscience  Observation of possible topological in-gap surface states in the Kondo insulator SmB6 by photoemission OPEN J. Jiang, S. Li, T. Zhang, Z. Sun, F. Chen, Z.R. Ye, M. Xu, Q.Q. Ge, S.Y. Tan, X.H. Niu, M. Xia, B.P. Xie, Y.F. Li, X.H. Chen, H.H. Wen and D.L. Feng The Kondo insulator samarium hexaboride exhibits low-temperature transport anomalies, which might be due to topological surface states. Here Jiang et al. perform angle-resolved photoemission and its circular dichroism measurements, which suggest that the anomalies might be of topological origin. 18 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4010 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  A strategic approach to recharging lithium-sulphur batteries for long cycle life Yu-Sheng Su, Yongzhu Fu, Thomas Cochell and Arumugam Manthiram Capacity degradation over extended cycles is a major problem in lithium-sulphur batteries. Here, Su et al. report a charge operation control strategy to inhibit dissolution of polysulphides leading to enhanced capacity retention over multiple cycles. 18 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3985 Chemical Sciences  Inorganic chemistry  Materials science  Heterovalent cation substitutional doping for quantum dot homojunction solar cells OPEN Alexandros Stavrinadis, Arup K. Rath, F. Pelayo García de Arquer, Silke L. Diedenhofen, César Magén, Luis Martinez, David So and Gerasimos Konstantatos To use colloidal quantum dots in applications such as p-n junction solar cells, doping of the quantum dots is needed. Here, Stavrinadis et al. achieve lead sulphide quantum dot p-n homojunctions by heterovalent cation substitution of lead using bismuth. 18 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3981 Physical Sciences  Nanotechnology  Optical physics  Unravelling the biodiversity of nanoscale signatures of spider silk fibres Luciano P. Silva and Elibio L. Rech Spider silk fibre is known to be composed of arrangements of structural domains. Here, the authors implement multiple atomic force microscopy modes to study the nanoscale morphology and mechanics of these fibres from nine spiders, and relate them to their molecular structures. 18 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4014 Physical Sciences  Materials science  The atypical mechanosensitive microRNA-712 derived from pre-ribosomal RNA induces endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis Dong Ju Son, Sandeep Kumar, Wakako Takabe, Chan Woo Kim, Chih-Wen Ni, Noah Alberts-Grill, In-Hwan Jang, Sangok Kim, Wankyu Kim, Sang Won Kang, Andrew H. Baker, Jai Woong Seo, Katherine W. Ferrara and Hanjoong Jo Gene expression in the vascular endothelium is sensitive to shear forces exerted by the circulation. Here the authors identify miR-712 as a mechanosensitive microRNA expressed in endothelial cells and show that miR-712 inhibits pro-atherogenic processes by downregulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3. 18 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4000 Biological Sciences  Medical research  Effectors of animal and plant pathogens use a common domain to bind host phosphoinositides Dor Salomon, Yirui Guo, Lisa N. Kinch, Nick V. Grishin, Kevin H. Gardner and Kim Orth Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens use the type III secretion system to translocate effectors into the host cell. Here, the authors characterize a bacterial phosphoinositide-binding domain, which is conserved in diverse type III effectors of both plant and animal pathogens and couples membrane localization with refolding. 18 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3973 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Microbiology  Direct observation of the oxygenated species during oxygen reduction on a platinum fuel cell cathode Hernan Sanchez Casalongue, Sarp Kaya, Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan, Daniel J. Miller, Daniel Friebel, Heine A. Hansen, Jens K. Nørskov, Anders Nilsson and Hirohito Ogasawara Understanding the oxygen reduction reaction at fuel cell cathodes requires information on adsorbed oxygenated species. Sanchez Casalongue et al. report in situ identification of oxygenated intermediates at cathodes and establish a correlation between the cathode potential and the surface speciation. 18 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3817 Chemical Sciences  Catalysis  Physical chemistry    Nature Communications JOBS of the week Postdoc University of Alabma, Birmingham Postdoctoral Research Assistant Queen Mary University of London Research Assistant University of Oxford PhD Position University of Geneva Research Associate King's College London Postdoctoral Research Assistant University of Dundee Postdoctoral Scholar University of Chicago Research Assistant Yale University School of Medicine Postdoctoral Researcher Harvard University Doctoral Student Aalto University More Science jobs from Nature Communications EVENT Powering the Cancer Machine 09.07.14 Glasgow More science events from       Latest Corrigendum     Corrigendum: Two-dome structure in electron-doped iron arsenide superconductors Soshi Iimura, Satoru Matsuishi, Hikaru Sato, Taku Hanna, Yoshinori Muraba, Sung Wng Kim, Jung Eun Kim, Masaki Takata and Hideo Hosono 20 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms4058 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  Materials science        Latest Erratum     Erratum: Deranged fatty acid composition causes pulmonary fibrosis in Elovl6-deficient mice Hiroaki Sunaga, Hiroki Matsui, Manabu Ueno, Toshitaka Maeno, Tatsuya Iso, Mas Rizky A.A. Syamsunarno, Saki Anjo, Takashi Matsuzaka, Hitoshi Shimano, Tomoyuki Yokoyama and Masahiko Kurabayashi 19 December 2013 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms3937 Biological Sciences  Medical research        Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com  More Nature Events You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant) For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th Floor | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices: London - Paris - Munich - New Delhi - Tokyo - Melbourne San Diego - San Francisco - Washington - New York - Boston Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. © 2013 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.