Nature Cell Biology contents: December 2013 Volume 15 Number 12, pp 1387 - 1525

Advertisement Special Offer: Enhanced BD Horizon™ Brilliant Violet™ Reagents Buy enhanced BD Horizon™ Brilliant Violet™ reagents and receive a free bandpass filter. Brighter than traditional dyes, these reagents can help you to resolve rare and dim cell populations, revealing nature's secrets with unprecedented clarity. Special offer details, tools, and information available now. bdbiosciences.com/go/brilliant  TABLE OF CONTENTS December 2013 Volume 15, Issue 12 Review News and Views Articles Letter Resource Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Grand Challenges in Stem Cell Treatments  Susumu Ikehara outlines the aims of this speciality section from Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. The goal of Stem Cell Treatment is to publish all findings and experiences of stem cell treatments, experimentally and clinically, and to open up new possibilities for the treatment of various diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, etc., that we may promote health and extend the human life span.    Review Top The roles of evolutionarily conserved functional modules in cilia-related trafficking   pp1387 - 1397 Ching-Hwa Sung and Michel R. Leroux doi:10.1038/ncb2888 Cilia are present across most eukaryotic phyla and have diverse sensory and motility functions. Sung and Leroux review the trafficking pathways that modulate cilia biogenesis and maintenance. News and Views Top Life without the mitochondrial calcium uniporter   pp1398 - 1400 Sebastien Herzig, Kinsey Maundrell and Jean-Claude Martinou doi:10.1038/ncb2891 Calcium enters mitochondria through a dedicated channel referred to as the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), whose molecular identity has long remained elusive. Since the discovery of the gene encoding the MCU protein two years ago, researchers have awaited the generation of a mouse lacking the MCU. These mice are fully viable and show defects limited to performance of high-energy-demanding exercises. Strikingly, no protection against necrosis is observed following ischaemia-reperfusion in the heart. See also: Article by Pan et al. Centriole biogenesis in multiciliated cells   pp1400 - 1402 Tang K. Tang doi:10.1038/ncb2892 Centrioles duplicate only once per cell cycle in proliferating cells, whereas in multiciliated cells, hundreds of centrioles form almost simultaneously. The molecular control mechanisms that govern centriole amplification in multiciliated cells are largely unknown. Two studies highlight Deup1 and CCDC78 as key players in this process. See also: Article by Zhao et al. Redox switch for actin   pp1403 - 1404 Hermann Aberle doi:10.1038/ncb2890 Oxidation of actin methionine residues by the oxidation-reduction enzyme Mical is known to lead to actin filament depolymerization. SelR enzymes are now shown to reduce these oxidized actin methionines, revealing a regulated redox reaction mechanism through which cells control the assembly and disassembly of actin filaments. See also: Article by Hung et al. Cell Biology JOBS of the week Postdoctoral fellow in T cell biology City of Hope 4-Year PhD Programme in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology University College London (UCL) PhD Programme in Molecular Cell Biology Medical Research Council - Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology Assistant or Associate Professor in Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology KU Leuven Group Leader Swiss National Science Foundation Professor in Cell Biology The University of Geneva More Science jobs from Cell Biology EVENT Keystone Symposia: Molecular Cell Biology of Macrophages in Human Diseases 9th – 14th February 2014 New Mexico, USA More science events from Articles Top Tension-oriented cell divisions limit anisotropic tissue tension in epithelial spreading during zebrafish epiboly   pp1405 - 1414 Pedro Campinho, Martin Behrndt, Jonas Ranft, Thomas Risler, Nicolas Minc et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2869 As epithelial tissue spreads during development and wound healing, epithelial integrity needs to be maintained. Heisenberg and colleagues show that tension modulates cell division orientations during zebrafish epiboly through cell elongation and control of myosin II activity to prevent cell fusion and epithelial disruption. Somatic cells regulate maternal mRNA translation and developmental competence of mouse oocytes   pp1415 - 1423 Jing Chen, Simona Torcia, Fang Xie, Chih-Jen Lin, Hakan Cakmak et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2873 The oocyte environment is critical for its development. Conti and colleagues demonstrate that, in mouse, amphiregulin-stimulated somatic cumulus cells promote translation of maternal mRNAs in the oocyte in a manner dependent on oocyte PI(3)K signalling. Cadherin-dependent filopodia control preimplantation embryo compaction   pp1424 - 1433 Juan Carlos Fierro-González, Melanie D. White, Juan Carlos Silva and Nicolas Plachta doi:10.1038/ncb2875 It has been unclear how round cells elongate during mouse embryo compaction. Plachta and colleagues use live imaging to demonstrate that E-cadherin-dependent filopodia extend to neighbouring cells to drive elongation and compaction. The Cep63 paralogue Deup1 enables massive de novo centriole biogenesis for vertebrate multiciliogenesis   pp1434 - 1444 Huijie Zhao, Lei Zhu, Yunlu Zhu, Jingli Cao, Shanshan Li et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2880 How centrioles are amplified to produce multicilia is unclear, but a structure named the deuterosome has been implicated in the process. Zhu and colleagues demonstrate that Deup1, a paralogue to the centriole protein Cep63, governs deuterosome formation and mediates large-scale de novo centriole amplification in multiciliated cells. See also: News and Views by Tang SelR reverses Mical-mediated oxidation of actin to regulate F-actin dynamics   pp1445 - 1454 Ruei-Jiun Hung, Christopher S. Spaeth, Hunkar Gizem Yesilyurt and Jonathan R. Terman doi:10.1038/ncb2871 Terman and colleagues employed a genetic screen in Drosophila to identify the SelR methionine sulfoxide reductase as the enzyme responsible for reversing the Mical-mediated oxidation of actin. Thus, SelR antagonizes the effects of Semaphorin–Plexin–Mical-dependent signalling in vivo. See also: News and Views by Aberle Ablation of LGR4 promotes energy expenditure by driving white-to-brown fat switch   pp1455 - 1463 Jiqiu Wang, Ruixin Liu, Feng Wang, Jie Hong, Xiaoying Li et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2867 Obesity results from accumulation of white adipose tissue, whereas brown adipose tissue can counteract these effects through thermogenesis. Ning and colleagues have found that the GPCR family member Lgr4 controls the balance between brown and white adipose tissue. In its absence, mice have reduced adiposity and obesity symptoms, and exhibit an increase in brown-like adipocytes, possibly the result of a decrease in Rb expression. The physiological role of mitochondrial calcium revealed by mice lacking the mitochondrial calcium uniporter   pp1464 - 1472 Xin Pan, Jie Liu, Tiffany Nguyen, Chengyu Liu, Junhui Sun et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2868 Until the recent discovery of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), the effect of increases in mitochondrial calcium levels could not be tested in vivo. Finkel and colleagues have knocked out the gene coding for MCU in adult mice, and show that MCU is required for transport of calcium into the mitochondria. They also show that, in its absence, the function of skeletal muscle is altered; however, surprisingly, no effects are observed on the sensitivity to cell-death-inducing agents. See also: News and Views by Herzig et al. A CREB3–ARF4 signalling pathway mediates the response to Golgi stress and susceptibility to pathogens   pp1473 - 1485 Jan H. Reiling, Andrew J. Olive, Sumana Sanyal, Jan E. Carette, Thijn R. Brummelkamp et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2865 In an insertional mutagenesis screen, Sabatini and colleagues identify the small G protein ARF4 as a mediator of cell death in response to brefeldin A (BFA) treatment. BFA-induced Golgi stress upregulates ARF4, and loss of ARF protects against propagation of pathogens known to induce Golgi fragmentation. Deubiquitylation and stabilization of PTEN by USP13   pp1486 - 1494 Jinsong Zhang, Peijing Zhang, Yongkun Wei, Hai-long Piao, Wenqi Wang et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2874 The stability of the PTEN tumour suppressor protein is regulated by polyubiquitylation. Ma and colleagues identify USP13 as an enzyme reversing polyubiquitylation of PTEN, leading to PTEN stabilization and tumour suppression. Senescent cells harbour features of the cancer epigenome   pp1495 - 1506 Hazel A. Cruickshanks, Tony McBryan, David M. Nelson, Nathan D. VanderKraats, Parisha P. Shah et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2879 Cancer is associated with altered DNA methylation. Using whole-genome single-nucleotide sequencing, Adams and colleagues reveal that senescent cells, as well as cells that have bypassed senescence through p53 and pRB inactivation, exhibit methylation changes similar to those seen in cancer. Letter Top Directed differentiation of human pluripotent cells to ureteric bud kidney progenitor-like cells   pp1507 - 1515 Yun Xia, Emmanuel Nivet, Ignacio Sancho-Martinez, Thomas Gallegos, Keiichiro Suzuki et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2872 Differentiation of pluripotent cells into renal lineages has so far demonstrated limited success. Juan Carlos Ispizua Belmonte and colleagues have used defined medium conditions to obtain committed renal progenitor cells that are able to integrate into a ureteric bud in a three-dimensional culture system. Resource Top A network of epigenetic regulators guides developmental haematopoiesis in vivo   pp1516 - 1525 Hsuan-Ting Huang, Katie L. Kathrein, Abby Barton, Zachary Gitlin, Yue-Hua Huang et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2870 Zon and colleagues have performed a reverse genetic screen to target orthologues of 425 human chromatin factors in zebrafish. This allowed them to delineate chromatin regulators that function at distinct stages of primitive and definitive blood formation. Top   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. 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