Nature contents: 07 November 2013

Can't view this email? Click here to view in your browser.     Volume 503 Number 7474      nature •Visit Nature homepage •Subscribe to Nature •View Table of Contents The science that matters. Every week.               Visit us at Neuroscience, booth #1813, see MERLIN Compact at work and learn about 3D imaging of your brain samples using ZEISS scanning electron microscopes. Download your free White Paper on Large Volume Imaging of Eye Muscle with SIGMA VP 3View and watch our latest webinar about SBF-SEM - Serial Block Face 3D imaging in the FE-SEM with 3View technology by Gatan and ZEISS.       Jump to the content that matters to you View Table of Contents ▶ ▼ News & Comment   ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Careers & Jobs       This week's highlights     Special: New angles on the brain     In this neuroscience special issue, Nature brings together reporting and expert opinion on efforts to apply current technologies and invent new ones to probe how the brain works. Thanks to such technologies — including those designed to map neural connections down to the level of synapses and ion channels — researchers may be on the verge of opening new vistas in understanding just as long-term programmes in the European Union and United States could together pour more than US$2 billion into the study of the brain over the next decade. ▼ more       Biological Sciences More Biological sciences ▼   Cooperation between brain and islet in glucose homeostasis and diabetes   The discovery of insulin and its myriad effects on glucose metabolism has long shaped our understanding of diabetes. Less attention has been paid to the brain. This review summarizes the emerging evidence of a brain-centered glucoregulatory system. Operating in tandem with pancreatic islets to lower blood glucose levels, the two regulatory systems are characterized by extensive overlap. To counter the diabetes epidemic more effectively, the authors conclude, we may need therapies that target both brain- and islet-centered systems.       Earth & Environmental Sciences More Earth & Environmental sciences ▼   Large contribution of natural aerosols to uncertainty in indirect forcing   Natural aerosols, such as emissions from volcanoes and plants, may contribute more uncertainty than previously thought to estimates of how the climate might respond to greenhouse gas-emissions. Aerosols generated by human activity have been widely linked to climate-modelling uncertainties, but this study of 28 parameters representing aerosol and precursor gas emissions and other factors relevant to cloud brightness suggests that the impact of natural aerosols has been underestimated. This work casts doubts on the degree of progress that can be made solely through advances in understanding of anthropogenic aerosols and suggests that we need to discover more about the workings of the pre-industrial environment, when natural aerosols were predominant.           Climate changes in Brazil through 2100  More heat, less rain in the country's north and northeast and more rain in the south and southeast are some of the projections of the Brazilian Panel on Climate Change. Probiotic in chewing gum could help fight cavities  Sign up for FAPESP's free weekly newsletter with the latest developments of Brazilian science               Physical Sciences More Physical sciences ▼   Colloidal assembly directed by virtual magnetic moulds   In principle, colloidal particles made of many different materials can be straightforwardly assembled into functional structures for use in photonics, electronics and sensing applications. In practice, it has proved difficult to create complex lattices and assemblies using different particle types. Ahmet Demirörs et al. have now used magnetic field microgradients as virtual moulds, to direct the assembly of magnetic and non-magnetic colloids with micrometre precision and high yield into arrays and complex three-dimensional structures. The method is demonstrated with polymer particles, silica particles and even live bacteria.   Podcast & Video     In this week's podcast: The asteroid that shook a Russian town in February, the earliest indicator of autism in babies, and a neuroscientist reflects on his life with Parkinson’s disease.         Special - New angles on the brain ▲top               Editorial                   Head start ▶     Europe’s mega-project to simulate the human brain has much to offer neuroscience research — whether or not it delivers on its central promise.             World View                   Cleaning damned spots from the obsessive mind ▶     Exposure therapy helps some people affected by compulsive washing, but often the contaminant is intangible, says Stanley Rachman.             News                   Precision gene editing paves way for transgenic monkeys ▶     Despite political challenges, engineered primates could be better disease models than mice.             Features                   Neuroscience: New angles on the brain ▶     Technologies that probe neural circuitry could greatly advance the study of human cognition.             Neuroelectronics: Smart connections ▶     Computer chips inspired by human neurons can do more with less power.             Neurotechnology: BRAIN storm ▶     Barack Obama announced his BRAIN Initiative on 2 April. Ever since, neuroscientists have been scrambling to work out what it actually is.             Comment                   Neuroscience: My life with Parkinson's ▶     A neuroscientist reflects on his experience of studying the circuits that control neural activity while his own brain began slowly failing him.             Diseases: Study neuron networks to tackle Alzheimer's ▶     Researchers have generally looked for signs of Alzheimer's disease in the whole brain or at the single-gene level. The biggest clues will come from monitoring collections of neurons, says Kenneth S. Kosik.             Books and Arts                   Anthropology of medicine: Where we are now with Alzheimer's ▶     Eus Van Someren welcomes a call to critically evaluate progress in research on this form of dementia.             Naturejobs                   Neuroscience: A head start for brain imaging ▶     With several big data projects under way, there is growing demand for neuroimaging expertise.             Technology Feature                   Neurobiology: Brain mapping in high resolution ▶     Tools that make it possible to chart every neuron and its connections are helping neuroscientists to realize their dream of whole-brain maps.               News & Comment Read daily news coverage▶ ▲top               THIS WEEK           Editorials                   Historic work ▶     Governments need to strengthen support for scientists who preserve our cultural heritage.             Follow the crowd ▶     The behaviour of millions of minuscule beads reveals some secrets of collective motion.             Seven Days                   Seven days: 1–7 November 2013 ▶             NEWS IN FOCUS           X-rays top space agenda ▶     European agency selects mission themes, with X-ray telescope the biggest winner.             US seismic array eyes its final frontier ▶     Moveable sensor grid will begin monitoring Alaska next summer.             Proteins help solve taxonomy riddle ▶     Proteomic technique proves that 300-year-old Linnaean elephant was wrongly classified.             Pathogen-research laws queried ▶     Scientists fear EU biosafety rules could complicate publication of work on infectious diseases.             COMMENT           Books and Arts                   Human evolution: Us and them ▶     Tim Radford contemplates three fascinating studies on what it means to be human.             Urban studies: A paved paradise ▶     Mike Davis explores a vision of car-free, socially networked urban environments.             Q&A: Airwave trailblazer ▶     Jad Abumrad co-hosts Radiolab, the science-heavy, nationally syndicated US public-radio show. As it enters its tenth year, he takes time out from a 21-city North American tour with co-host Robert Krulwich to talk about crafting high-speed science stories on radio.             Correspondence                   Research: Discard Soviet doctorate systems Alexander Gorobets | Publishing: Ranking Brazilian research output Helena B. Nader, Jacob Palis | Natural selection: Russia embraced Wallace's works Georgy S. Levit, Uwe Hossfeld, Lennart Olsson             Obituary                   Harold Melvin Agnew (1921—2013) ▶     Physicist and Manhattan Project veteran.             Correction                   Clarification ▶                 Eppendorf - System solutions for your workflows Did you know that Eppendorf offers products to prepare your samples with reproducible conditions? You can also find a lot of products around your PCR workflow  and various new possibilities will show up using our brand new 5 mL system         Biological Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Biochemistry: Metal ghosts in the splicing machine ▶     Scott A. Strobel             Stem cells: Differentiated cells in a back-up role ▶     Tushar J. Desai, Mark A. Krasnow             HIV: Slipping under the radar ▶     Stephen P. Goff             RNA catalyses nuclear pre-mRNA splicing ▶     Sebastian M. Fica, Nicole Tuttle, Thaddeus Novak et al.     The spliceosome is shown to catalyse splicing through the RNA and not the protein components of the spliceosome; pre-messenger RNA splicing requires U6 snRNA acting by a mechanism similar to that used by group II self-splicing introns.             Dedifferentiation of committed epithelial cells into stem cells in vivo  ▶     Purushothama Rao Tata, Hongmei Mou, Ana Pardo-Saganta et al.     Using in vivo lineage tracing in mice and sorted cells in culture, the ability of stably committed cells to dedifferentiate into basal stem cells in the mouse trachea is investigated: the findings suggest that the dedifferentiation of committed cell types into stem cells may contribute generally to regeneration in higher vertebrates in different organ and injury contexts.             Accelerated growth in the absence of DNA replication origins ▶     Michelle Hawkins, Sunir Malla, Martin J. Blythe et al.     When all origins of replication are deleted from the archaeon Haloferax volcanii, homologous recombination is used to initiate DNA replication and the growth rate is accelerated.             EHMT1 controls brown adipose cell fate and thermogenesis through the PRDM16 complex ▶     Haruya Ohno, Kosaku Shinoda, Kana Ohyama et al.     Brown adipose tissue-enriched lysine methyltransferase EHMT1 is an essential enzyme in the PRDM16–C/EBP-β transcriptional complex that controls brown adipose cell fate and energy metabolism.             Hepatitis-C-virus-like internal ribosome entry sites displace eIF3 to gain access to the 40S subunit ▶     Yaser Hashem, Amedee des Georges, Vidya Dhote et al.     A sub-nanometre reconstruction of a 40S complex containing eIF3 and a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-like internal ribosome entry site (IRES) shows that the IRES displaces eIF3 from the 40S and sequesters it to gain access to the 40S subunit.             Immunosuppressive CD71+ erythroid cells compromise neonatal host defence against infection ▶     Shokrollah Elahi, James M. Ertelt, Jeremy M. Kinder et al.     In neonatal mice, susceptibility to infection is due to an enriched subset of arginase-2-expressing CD71+ erythroid cells, which suppresses the systemic activation of immune cells, thereby protecting neonates against aberrant inflammation triggered by colonization with commensal microbes.             Genetic incompatibilities are widespread within species ▶     Russell B. Corbett-Detig, Jun Zhou, Andrew G. Clark et al.     The role that epistasis — non-additive interactions between alleles — plays in shaping population fitness is investigated in Drosophila melanogaster; the raw material to drive reproductive isolation is found to be segregating contemporaneously within species and does not necessarily require the emergence of incompatible mutations independently derived and fixed in allopatry.             Chasing acyl carrier protein through a catalytic cycle of lipid A production ▶     Ali Masoudi, Christian R. H. Raetz, Pei Zhou et al.     The crystal structures of three forms of Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein engaging LpxD, an acyltransferase in the lipid A biosynthetic pathway, are reported.             Histone deacetylase 3 coordinates commensal-bacteria-dependent intestinal homeostasis ▶     Theresa Alenghat, Lisa C. Osborne, Steven A. Saenz et al.     This work identifies a role for intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-intrinsic expression of histone deacetylase 3 in regulating commensal-bacteria-dependent gene expression and intestinal homeostasis; IEC-specific HDAC3 deficiency gives rise to Paneth cell abnormalities, impaired intestinal barrier function, and increased DSS-induced intestinal inflammation in commensal-bacteria-containing, but not germ-free, mice.             A melanocyte lineage program confers resistance to MAP kinase pathway inhibition ▶     Cory M. Johannessen, Laura A. Johnson, Federica Piccioni et al.     Expression of more than 15,500 genes individually in a melanoma cell line treated with RAF, MEK, ERK or combined RAF–MEK inhibitors reveals a cyclic-AMP-dependent melanocytic signalling network associated with drug resistance; this may represent a novel therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.             Attention to eyes is present but in decline in 2–6-month-old infants later diagnosed with autism ▶     Warren Jones, Ami Klin     A prospective longitudinal study identifies the earliest known indicator of social disability in human infancy: decline in attention to others’ eyes in infants who are later diagnosed with autism; the decline is evident already within the first 2 to 6 months of life, which reveals the early unfolding of the disorder but also offers a promising opportunity for the future of early intervention.             HIV-1 evades innate immune recognition through specific cofactor recruitment ▶     Jane Rasaiyaah, Choon Ping Tan, Adam J. Fletcher et al.     Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is shown here to depend on the recruitment to the HIV-1 capsid of specific cofactors involved in orchestrating nuclear entry and targeting; when these capsid–cofactor interactions are prevented either by virus mutation, cofactor depletion or pharmacological inhibition of cofactor recruitment, viral DNA can be detected by innate immune sensors.             Articles and Letters                   SHANK3 overexpression causes manic-like behaviour with unique pharmacogenetic properties ▶     Kihoon Han, J. Lloyd Holder Jr, Christian P. Schaaf et al.     Mouse and human studies reveal that incorrect gene dosage of SHANK3 (a gene linked to some human neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder) is associated with behavioural abnormalities including mania, possibly because of actin regulation problems in excitatory/inhibitory synapses.             Context-dependent computation by recurrent dynamics in prefrontal cortex ▶     Valerio Mante, David Sussillo, Krishna V. Shenoy et al.     This study shows that in monkeys making context-dependent decisions, task-relevant and task-irrelevant signals are confusingly intermixed in single units of the prefrontal cortex, but are readily understood in the framework of a dynamical process unfolding at the level of the population; a recurrently connected neural network model reproduces key features of the data and suggests a novel mechanism for selection and integration of task-relevant evidence towards a decision.             X-ray structure of dopamine transporter elucidates antidepressant mechanism ▶     Aravind Penmatsa, Kevin H. Wang, Eric Gouaux     The X-ray crystal structure of the Drosophila dopamine transporter bound to the antidepressant drug nortriptyline is presented, providing the first crystal structure of a eukaryotic neurotransmitter sodium symporter.             Emergence of macroscopic directed motion in populations of motile colloids ▶     Antoine Bricard, Jean-Baptiste Caussin, Nicolas Desreumaux et al.     Populations of millions of colloidal rolling particles are shown to self-organize to achieve coherent motion; comparison between experiment and theory based on the microscopic interactions between these ‘rollers’ suggests that hydrodynamic interactions promote the emergence of the collective motion.             Mating advantage for rare males in wild guppy populations ▶     Kimberly A. Hughes, Anne E. Houde, Anna C. Price et al.     Manipulation of the frequency of naturally occurring colour patterns within replicate pools of fish at three sites shows that males with rare colour patterns have higher reproductive fitness, demonstrating negative frequency-dependent selection mediated by sexual selection.             Genetic identification of a neural circuit that suppresses appetite ▶     Matthew E. Carter, Marta E. Soden, Larry S. Zweifel et al.     A neural circuit from the parabrachial nucleus to the central nucleus of the amygdala mediates appetite suppression.             Dendritic spikes enhance stimulus selectivity in cortical neurons in vivo  ▶     Spencer L. Smith, Ikuko T. Smith, Tiago Branco et al.     Neuronal dendrites are not passive cables, but whether their excitability contributes to computation at the cell’s soma has been uncertain; by observing and interfering with dendritic ‘spikes’ during sensory stimulation, it is now shown that active dendritic processing enhances somatic orientation selectivity, a fundamental brain computation.             The activity-dependent transcription factor NPAS4 regulates domain-specific inhibition ▶     Brenda L. Bloodgood, Nikhil Sharma, Heidi Adlman Browne et al.     The transcription factor NPAS4 enables neurons to distinguish synaptic inputs received at their soma or dendrites; sensory stimulation increases NPAS4 which promotes inhibitory synapses on the soma and destabilizes inhibitory synapses on the dendrites.             The activity-dependent transcription factor NPAS4 regulates domain-specific inhibition ▶     Brenda L. Bloodgood, Nikhil Sharma, Heidi Adlman Browne et al.     The transcription factor NPAS4 enables neurons to distinguish synaptic inputs received at their soma or dendrites; sensory stimulation increases NPAS4 which promotes inhibitory synapses on the soma and destabilizes inhibitory synapses on the dendrites.             Integrin-modulating therapy prevents fibrosis and autoimmunity in mouse models of scleroderma ▶     Elizabeth E. Gerber, Elena M. Gallo, Stefani C. Fontana et al.     Failure of integrin-mediated cell-matrix attachment is sufficient to initiate dermal fibrosis and autoimmunity in mouse models of scleroderma; integrin-modulating therapies prevent the recruitment and activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells that appear central to immunological dysregulation and maintenance of the pro-fibrotic synthetic programme.             A directional switch of integrin signalling and a new anti-thrombotic strategy ▶     Bo Shen, Xiaojuan Zhao, Kelly A. O’Brien et al.     The direction of integrin signalling is found to be determined by the coordinated and opposing binding waves of talin and Gα13 to the same region of the integrin β3 cytoplasmic domain at mutually exclusive but distinct sites, and a potent new anti-thrombotic drug that does not cause bleeding is designed on the basis of these findings.             LARGE glycans on dystroglycan function as a tunable matrix scaffold to prevent dystrophy ▶     Matthew M. Goddeeris, Biming Wu, David Venzke et al.     This study finds a direct correlation between LARGE-glycan extension on dystroglycan and the protein’s capacity for extracellular matrix ligands; in regenerating mouse muscle, short LARGE-glycan polysaccharides cause various defects, including muscle dysfunction and a predisposition to dystrophy, and in muscular dystrophy patients, increased clinical severity of disease corresponds to shorter LARGE-glycans.             Structural basis for action by diverse antidepressants on biogenic amine transporters ▶     Hui Wang, April Goehring, Kevin H. Wang et al.     LeuT, a bacterial homologue of eukaryotic biogenic amine transporters (BATs), is engineered to harbour human BAT-like pharmacology by the mutation of key residues around the primary binding pocket; this mutant is able to bind several classes of antidepressant drug with high affinity, helping to define their common mechanisms of action.             Reviews and Perspectives                   Cortical connectivity and sensory coding ▶     Kenneth D. Harris, Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel     The connectivity of cortical neurons relates to the way in which they encode sensory features, and integrate them with behavioural context; these factors are discussed in relation to recent research, the major questions still to be addressed, and emerging techniques that may help to answer these.             Cooperation between brain and islet in glucose homeostasis and diabetes ▶     Michael W. Schwartz, Randy J. Seeley, Matthias H. Tschöp et al.     An alternative view of diabetes is presented in which blood glucose homeostasis is achieved via collective actions of two regulatory systems: a brain-centred glucoregulatory system (BCGS), which works together with the pancreatic islets; defects in both systems may be required for diabetes to occur, and interventions targeting both systems may have greater therapeutic potential.             News & Views                   Neuroscience: Sculpting neuronal connectivity ▶     Emily Sylwestrak, Peter Scheiffele             Evolutionary ecology: Novelty makes the heart grow fonder ▶     Jeffrey S. McKinnon, Maria R. Servedio             Neuroscience: What to do and how ▶     Jeffrey C. Erlich, Carlos D. Brody             Psychology: Good and bad news on the adolescent brain ▶     Valerie F. Reyna             Biochemistry: Metal ghosts in the splicing machine ▶     Scott A. Strobel             Stem cells: Differentiated cells in a back-up role ▶     Tushar J. Desai, Mark A. Krasnow             HIV: Slipping under the radar ▶     Stephen P. Goff             Corrigendum                   Corrigendum: Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis ▶     Congcong He, Michael C. Bassik, Viviana Moresi et al.             Retraction                   Retraction: Functional dissection of lysine deacetylases reveals that HDAC1 and p300 regulate AMPK ▶     Yu-yi Lin, Samara Kiihl, Yasir Suhail et al.             Research Highlights                   Botany: Two routes to huge blooms | Zoology: Seasonal shift for reindeer eyes | Vision: How bees see a steady landing | Genetics: More risk genes for Alzheimer's | Entomology: Male mosquito boosts egg-making | Neuroscience: Cells grow in sleeping brains         NEWS & COMMENT           Head start | Cleaning damned spots from the obsessive mind | Precision gene editing paves way for transgenic monkeys | Neuroscience: New angles on the brain | Neuroelectronics: Smart connections | Neurotechnology: BRAIN storm | Neuroscience: My life with Parkinson's | Diseases: Study neuron networks to tackle Alzheimer's | Human evolution: Us and them | Anthropology of medicine: Where we are now with Alzheimer's | Natural selection: Russia embraced Wallace's works | Proteins help solve taxonomy riddle | Pathogen-research laws queried             More Biological Sciences ▶                 A*STAR Research - Highlighting the best of research at the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore's premier research organization   Recent Highlights Photonics: Progress with the switch to faster computers | Reproduction: Mutant flies give mixed-up mating messages   The latest print edition of A*STAR Research is now available!           Chemical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Research Highlights                   Chemistry: Micromotors detox chemical weapons           More Chemical Sciences ▶               Physical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Guided hierarchical co-assembly of soft patchy nanoparticles ▶     André H. Gröschel, Andreas Walther, Tina I. Löbling et al.     Different polymers can be used in combination to produce coexisting nanoparticles of different symmetry and tailored to co-assemble into well-ordered binary and ternary hierarchical structures.             Olivine in an unexpected location on Vesta’s surface ▶     E. Ammannito, M. C. De Sanctis, E. Palomba et al.     Although olivine was expected to occur within the deep, south-pole basins of asteroid Vesta, which are thought to be excavated mantle rocks, spectral data from NASA’s Dawn spacecraft show that it instead occurs as near-surface materials in Vesta’s northern hemisphere.             The trajectory, structure and origin of the Chelyabinsk asteroidal impactor ▶     Jiří Borovička, Pavel Spurný, Peter Brown et al.     Analysis of video records of the Chelyabinsk superbolide of 15 February 2013 show that its orbit was sufficiently similar to the orbit of asteroid 86039 (1999 NC43) to suggest that the two were once part of the same object.             A 500-kiloton airburst over Chelyabinsk and an enhanced hazard from small impactors ▶     P. G. Brown, J. D. Assink, L. Astiz et al.     The damage caused by the asteroid 17–20 metres in diameter that exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia, on 15 February 2013 is estimated here to have an energy equivalent to about 500 kilotons of TNT.             Articles and Letters                   Demonstration of electron acceleration in a laser-driven dielectric microstructure ▶     E. A. Peralta, K. Soong, R. J. England et al.     Acceleration of relativistic electrons in a dielectric laser accelerator at high electric field gradients is reported, setting the stage for the development of future multi-staged accelerators of this type.             Emergence of macroscopic directed motion in populations of motile colloids ▶     Antoine Bricard, Jean-Baptiste Caussin, Nicolas Desreumaux et al.     Populations of millions of colloidal rolling particles are shown to self-organize to achieve coherent motion; comparison between experiment and theory based on the microscopic interactions between these ‘rollers’ suggests that hydrodynamic interactions promote the emergence of the collective motion.             Colloidal assembly directed by virtual magnetic moulds ▶     Ahmet F. Demirörs, Pramod P. Pillai, Bartlomiej Kowalczyk et al.     Magnetic fields micropatterned within a paramagnetic fluid can simultaneously trap and position both magnetic and non-magnetic microparticles, the latter including live bacteria.             Structural change in molten basalt at deep mantle conditions ▶     Chrystèle Sanloup, James W. E. Drewitt, Zuzana Konôpková et al.     The structure of molten basalt up to 60 GPa by means of in situ X-ray diffraction is described, with the coordination of silicon increasing from four under ambient conditions to six at 35 GPa, and subsequent reduced melt compressibility, which seems to affect siderophile-element partitioning.             News & Views                   Applied physics: On a roll ▶     Michael Shelley             Research Highlights                   Chemistry: Micromotors detox chemical weapons | Astronomy: Explosions in the young Universe         NEWS & COMMENT           Head start | Follow the crowd | Neuroelectronics: Smart connections | Urban studies: A paved paradise | Harold Melvin Agnew (1921—2013) | X-rays top space agenda             More Physical Sciences ▶               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Articles and Letters                   Large contribution of natural aerosols to uncertainty in indirect forcing ▶     K. S. Carslaw, L. A. Lee, C. L. Reddington et al.     It has been assumed that a better understanding of the effects of anthropogenic aerosols will greatly reduce the large uncertainties associated with our predictions of the radiative forcing effects of aerosols on climate; however, this study shows that nearly half of the uncertainty in the radiative effect of aerosols on clouds derives from uncertainties in pre-industrial natural aerosols.             Structural change in molten basalt at deep mantle conditions ▶     Chrystèle Sanloup, James W. E. Drewitt, Zuzana Konôpková et al.     The structure of molten basalt up to 60 GPa by means of in situ X-ray diffraction is described, with the coordination of silicon increasing from four under ambient conditions to six at 35 GPa, and subsequent reduced melt compressibility, which seems to affect siderophile-element partitioning.             News & Views                   Climate science: Uncertain then, irrelevant now ▶     Bjorn Stevens             Research Highlights                   Palaeoclimatology: Deep ocean is a heat sink         NEWS & COMMENT           US seismic array eyes its final frontier             More Earth & Environmental Sciences ▶               Special - Technology Feature ▲top               Neurobiology: Brain mapping in high resolution ▶     Tools that make it possible to chart every neuron and its connections are helping neuroscientists to realize their dream of whole-brain maps.                 Nature Medicine and Eli Lilly and Company present: Shifting Paradigms on Alzheimer's Disease December 3, 2013 Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA   Click here to register for this symposium today!         Careers & Jobs ▲top               Neuroscience: A head start for brain imaging ▶     With several big data projects under way, there is growing demand for neuroimaging expertise.                   Postdoc's torch song ▶     A love affair with research can be just as heartbreaking as romantic love, says Christopher Schmitt.             Careers related news & comment                   Head start | Historic work | Seven days: 1–7 November 2013 | Neurotechnology: BRAIN storm Helen Shen | Q&A: Airwave trailblazer Jascha Hoffman | Research: Discard Soviet doctorate systems Alexander Gorobets | Publishing: Ranking Brazilian research output Helena B. 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