Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Contents: October 2013 Volume #20 pp 1141-1236

TABLE OF CONTENTS October 2013 Volume 20, Issue 10 News and Views Research Highlights Obituary Review Articles Brief Communications Resource Corrigendum Errata Advertisement   Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences is launching soon and sending out a call to active physicians and expert clinicians to help us build a dynamic, highly regarded editorial board! We're looking for a Specialist Chief Editor for Structural Biology, amongst other key specialities in this field. Be a part of the future of research publication. Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement nature.com webcasts Macmillan Science Communication presents a custom webcast on:  Accelerating the discovery and development of monoclonal antibodies  Listen on demand, to this free webcast  Sponsored by:     News and Views Top Zooming in on eukaryotic translation initiation   pp1141 - 1142 Anders Liljas doi:10.1038/nsmb.2684 Translation initiation in eukaryotes is a complex and highly regulated process during which several initiation factors cooperate to recruit an initiator tRNA to the small ribosomal subunit, where the mRNA is scanned for an AUG start codon. Two recent reports provide new structural insights into this process and reveal key functions of initiation factors 1 (eIF1) and 1A (eIF1A) in start-codon selection in atomic detail. Substrate-induced rearrangements in glutamate-transporter homologs   pp1142 - 1144 Baruch I Kanner doi:10.1038/nsmb.2685 Sodium-coupled glutamate transporters regulate excitatory signaling in the brain. A new crystal structure shows how the substrate induces changes in the binding pocket of an archaeal transporter homolog, providing new insights into the mechanism of transport. See also: Brief Communication by Jensen et al. An express elevator for Na+/H+   p1144 Michelle Montoya doi:10.1038/nsmb.2696 Research Highlights Blocking CCR5 | RNP-based transcript classification | Dictating histone occupancy Obituary Tony Pawson 1952-2013   p1146 John D Scott doi:10.1038/nsmb.2682 Review Transcriptional regulation by Polycomb group proteins   pp1147 - 1155 Luciano Di Croce and Kristian Helin doi:10.1038/nsmb.2669 Polycomb group (PcG) proteins function within Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs), which modify histones and other proteins and silence target genes. This Review highlights new insights into the role of PcG proteins in gene regulation, specifically in controlling self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells, and into how PRCs are targeted to chromatin. Structural & Molecular Biology JOBS of the week Faculty Position Structural Biology Program Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Postdoctoral Associate in Structural Biology and Epigenetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Postdoctoral Position in Structural Biology at The Rockefeller University The Rockefeller University Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Neurobiology - Assistant Professor Level (Tenure-Track) Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Faculty Positions Available in the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University More Science jobs from Structural & Molecular Biology EVENT Chromatin Structure and Function 2013 11.-14.11.13 Cayman Islands More science events from Articles Top Regulation of transcription by the MLL2 complex and MLL complex–associated AKAP95   pp1156 - 1163 Hao Jiang, Xiangdong Lu, Miho Shimada, Yali Dou, Zhanyun Tang et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2656 Although histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) methylation is widely associated with gene activation, direct evidence for its causal role in transcription is lacking. New studies with the histone methyltransferase MLL2 in a cell-free transcription system now establish a direct causal role for MLL2-mediated H3K4 methylation in transcription and identify AKAP95 as a new modulator of H3K4 methylation. Reconstitution of the 26S proteasome reveals functional asymmetries in its AAA+ unfoldase   pp1164 - 1172 Robyn Beckwith, Eric Estrin, Evan J Worden and Andreas Martin doi:10.1038/nsmb.2659 In the eukaryotic 26S proteasome, a heterohexameric AAA+ complex unfolds substrates prior to degradation. The yeast unfoldase subunits have now been expressed in bacteria and reconstituted into active proteasomes in vitro. Mutations of catalytic and structural motifs in each individual subunits reveal that they play distinct roles in substrate processing, peptidase binding and gate opening. The Microprocessor controls the activity of mammalian retrotransposons   pp1173 - 1181 Sara R Heras, Sara Macias, Mireya Plass, Noemí Fernandez, David Cano et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2658 How the activity of transposable elements is regulated is not well understood. A new study now shows that the Microprocessor complex, which is required for microRNA biogenesis, also recognizes and binds RNAs derived from human LINE-1, Alu and SVA retrotransposons and that it acts as a post-transcriptional repressor of mammalian retrotransposons in vivo. Mechanism and consequence of the autoactivation of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase promoted by TAB1   pp1182 - 1190 Gian Felice De Nicola, Eva Denise Martin, Apirat Chaikuad, Rekha Bassi, James Clark et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2668 p38α MAP kinase is activated by autophosphorylation, which is promoted by the protein TAB1 during myocardial ischemia and other stresses. Now cellular, biochemical and biophysical approaches reveal that TAB1 binds p38α's C-terminal kinase lobe and induces rearrangements within the activation segment that allow autophosphorylation in cis. A cancer-associated BRCA2 mutation reveals masked nuclear export signals controlling localization   pp1191 - 1198 Anand D Jeyasekharan, Yang Liu, Hiroyoshi Hattori, Venkat Pisupati, Asta Bjork Jonsdottir et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2666 The cancer-associated D2723H mutation causes mislocalization of BRCA2 to the cytoplasm. New work shows that this mutation disrupts the interaction of BRCA2 with DSS1, unmasking a BRCA2 nuclear export signal within the DSS1 binding domain. This impairs nuclear retention of BRCA2 and, consequently, RAD51, suggesting that the intracellular localization of these factors may control their function in maintaining genome integrity. Telomeric RNA-DNA hybrids affect telomere-length dynamics and senescence   pp1199 - 1205 Bettina Balk, André Maicher, Martina Dees, Julia Klermund, Sarah Luke-Glaser et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2662 Noncoding telomere repeat–containing RNA (TERRA) expressed from chromosome ends can form RNA-DNA hybrids at telomeres, but how this influences telomere length is unclear. Now, TERRA RNA-DNA hybrids are shown to promote telomere recombination and delay senescence in cells lacking telomerase, establishing a function for TERRA in telomere-length maintenance. Cycles in spatial and temporal chromosomal organization driven by the circadian clock   pp1206 - 1213 Lorena Aguilar-Arnal, Ofir Hakim, Vishal R Patel, Pierre Baldi, Gordon L Hager et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2667 4C (chromosome conformation capture on chip) analyses using the clock-controlled Dbp gene as bait reveal the existence of circadian long-range interactions in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The Dbp circadian interactome is dependent on a functional circadian clock and contains a number of clock-related DNA elements. mRNA–mRNA duplexes that autoelicit Staufen1-mediated mRNA decay   pp1214 - 1220 Chenguang Gong, Yalan Tang and Lynne E Maquat doi:10.1038/nsmb.2664 mRNAs have been shown to cross-talk with other mRNAs by serving as competing endogenous RNAs that 'sponge up' microRNAs. A report now claims a new, physiologically significant function for mRNAs that cross-talk through partially complementary Alu elements in the 3′ untranslated region. The Staufen1-mediated mRNA pathway targets both mRNAs in the duplex, provided that they are translated. Brief Communications Top Structure of a pseudokinase-domain switch that controls oncogenic activation of Jak kinases   pp1221 - 1223 Angela V Toms, Anagha Deshpande, Randall McNally, Youngjee Jeong, Julia M Rogers et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2673 Equivalent mutations in the pseudokinase domain of Jak2 (V617F) and Jak1 (V658F) result in myeloproliferative disorders. Crystal structures of wild-type and the V658F mutant of human Jak1 spanning the pseudokinase domain and a segment of the SH2-PK linker now reveal the existence of a conformational switch that is stabilized by oncogenic mutations and favors activation. Crystal structure of a substrate-free aspartate transporter   pp1224 - 1226 Sonja Jensen, Albert Guskov, Stephan Rempel, Inga Hänelt and Dirk Jan Slotboom doi:10.1038/nsmb.2663 Archaeal glutamate transporter homologs catalyze the coupled uptake of aspartate and sodium ions. A new crystal structure of GltTk from Thermococcus kodakarensis shows the empty transporter oriented in the outward-facing conformation after substrate delivery, revealing how it is reset in preparation for another translocation cycle. See also: News and Views by Kanner Resource Top MicroRNA-based discovery of barriers to dedifferentiation of fibroblasts to pluripotent stem cells   pp1227 - 1235 Robert L Judson, Tobias S Greve, Ronald J Parchem and Robert Blelloch doi:10.1038/nsmb.2665 Individual microRNAs (miRNAs) can target many mRNAs that form networks of presumably cooperating genes. A new study now tests this idea by screening miRNAs and their targets in the context of dedifferentiation, or reprogramming, of mouse fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. These data establish two networks of miRNA-mRNA interactions that act together to suppress early stages of reprogramming. Corrigendum Top DNA methylation dynamics in health and disease   p1236 Yehudit Bergman and Howard Cedar doi:10.1038/nsmb1013-1236a Errata Top Molecular determinants of nucleosome retention at CpG-rich sequences in mouse spermatozoa   p1236 Serap Erkek, Mizue Hisano, Ching-Yeu Liang, Mark Gill, Rabih Murr et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb1013-1236b Conformational dynamics of STIM1 activation   p1236 Stefan Feske and Murali Prakriya doi:10.1038/nsmb1013-1236d Activating silent Argonautes   p1236 Mary Anne Kidwell and Jennifer A Doudna doi:10.1038/nsmb1013-1236c Top Advertisement Nature Communications is ranked #3 in the Multidisciplinary Sciences with an Impact Factor of 10.015* Your research. Our reach. Together we make an impact.  nature.com/naturecommunications  *2012 Journal Citation Reports® (Thomson Reuters, 2013)   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. 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