Nature contents: 24 October 2013

Can't view this email? Click here to view in your browser.     Volume 502 Number 7472      nature •Visit Nature homepage •Subscribe to Nature •View Table of Contents The science that matters. Every week.                 Jump to the content that matters to you View Table of Contents ▶ ▼ News & Comment   ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Careers & Jobs       This week's highlights     Specials - Insight: Transcription and epigenetics     Interplay between signal transduction pathways, transcription factors and chromatin packaging dictates the gene expression pattern of a cell, which must be relatively stably maintained once an organism fully develops. Five specially commissioned reviews in this Insight supplement explore how transcriptional states are regulated during development and disease. ▼ more       Biological Sciences More Biological sciences ▼   Odour receptors and neurons for DEET and new insect repellents   DEET, or N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, has been the main commercial insect repellent for more than 60 years. But its high cost, reports of spreading DEET resistance and the fact that it dissolves plastics mean that researchers are seeking alternatives. This study identifies key components that mediate DEET's effects: a highly conserved receptor (Ir40a protein) and a population of sensory neurons found in a pit-like structure in the insect antenna. And the good news is that there are a number of chemicals, either natural or already approved for human use, that stimulate the same neuronal circuit as DEET. The prospects that a cheap and nontoxic alternative to DEET might be found are therefore good.       Physical Sciences More Physical sciences ▼   A galaxy rapidly forming stars 700 million years after the Big Bang at redshift 7.51   The discovery of the most distant spectroscopically confirmed galaxy is reported in Nature this week. The galaxy existed when the Universe was only 680 million years old. Although some more-distant candidate galaxies have been detected, they have not yet been confirmed. The galaxy has an emission line that can be confirmed at a redshift of 7.51, placing it at an epoch 700 million years after the Big Bang. Its colours are consistent with a significant metal content, and it has a surprisingly high star formation rate of about 330 solar masses per year, more than 100-fold greater than that seen in the Milky Way. The authors suggest that there may be many more such sites of intense star formation in the early Universe than previously expected.           Call for entries! Eppendorf Young Investigator Award 2014 Prize Money: 15,000 Euro Apply now online  Entry deadline: 15 January 2014           Chemical Sciences More Chemical sciences ▼   Microbial production of short-chain alkanes   High oil prices are fuelling extensive research on the production of sustainable biofuels from renewable resources. Engineered microbes are one option, but until now microbes have not produced gasoline, a mix of light (C4 to C12) liquid hydrocarbons, in part because cellular metabolism favours the production of long-chain fatty acids. Now new Escherichia coli strains have been engineered to produce free fatty acids, fatty esters, fatty alcohols and crucially, short-chain alkanes including the gasoline components nonane and decane.       Podcast & Video     In this week's podcast: decoding brain activity to predict what you're seeing, remembering or even dreaming, and the truth about the infamous tyrant Tyrannosaurus rex. In our latest video feature neuroscientists use scanning techniques to tell which areas of the brain are active during different tasks. Now by looking deeper into these blobs, they can decode what a person is seeing, remembering and even dreaming.         News & Comment Read daily news coverage▶ ▲top               THIS WEEK           Editorials                   High maintenance ▶     The next president of the European Research Council will face the dual challenge of preserving the agency's reputation for excellence while trying to address funding inequalities.             End harassment ▶     Sexual harassment is a stain on science — and we must all take a stand against it.             Magnetic map ▶     Chemists present a way to infer the enigmatic temperature variations inside a reactor.             World View                   Universities must inspire students as well as teach ▶     Education in the Arab world must equip students with more than textbook learning as they go forward into an uncertain future, says Rana Dajani.             Seven Days                   Seven days: 18–24 October 2013 ▶     The week in science: Spain bails out its largest scientific body, Russian lake yields massive meteorite, and the United Nations appoints 26 science advisers.             NEWS IN FOCUS           Death row incurs drug penalty ▶     Bid to use common anaesthetic for executions threatens to cut off supply to US hospitals.             Brazil fêtes open-access site ▶     South American SciELO project weighs up future after 15 years of free publishing.             Pain of US shutdown lingers ▶     Researchers fear that continuing budget fights will further harm government-funded science.             Europe debates fisheries funding ▶     Campaigners want subsidies to be focused on conservation.             Final word is near on dark-matter signal ▶     An influential US experiment prepares to release its first results.             Volcanic-ash sensor to take flight ▶     Researchers will fly jet towards giant artificial particle cloud to test safety device.             Features                   Palaeontology: The truth about T. rex ▶     Even one of the best known dinosaurs has kept some secrets. Here is what palaeontologists most want to know about the Famous tyrant.             Brain decoding: Reading minds ▶     By scanning blobs of brain activity, scientists may be able to decode people's thoughts, their dreams and even their intentions.             COMMENT           Politics: The long shadow of the shutdown ▶     Stalled Antarctic field work as a result of the US government shutdown has jeopardized early-career scientists and their projects, says Gretchen E. Hofmann.             Policy: Set research priorities in a time of recession ▶     Rigorous analyses are needed to establish the benefits of the knowledge economy, says former Irish government science adviser Patrick Cunningham.             Autumn Books                   Genetics: The genetic watchmaker ▶     Nathaniel Comfort assesses Craig Venter's vision of nature-as-machine.             Disaster management: Preparing for the worst ▶     A study on natural disasters puts fizz into the physics, finds Roger Bilham.             New in paperback ▶             Radio astronomy: Finger on the pulsar ▶     Bernie Fanaroff probes a study on how radio telescopes have opened up our understanding of the Universe.             Physics: Science under the Nazis ▶     Robert P. Crease applauds the story of three great physicists who struggled to maintain their integrity during the Third Reich.             Biology: The love of pit vipers ▶     Stuart Pimm follows a fellow biologist's evolution from wide-eyed wonder to a life chasing snakes in the field.             Economics: Fixing the climate odds ▶     Gail Whiteman welcomes a take on climate economics that is strong on strategy.             History of science: Science spun on the Silk Road ▶     Christopher I. Beckwith assesses a study probing Central Asia's pivotal role in Islam's golden age.             Psychiatry: America the traumatized ▶     Andrea Tone assesses a history of the mass release of US psychiatric patients into an uncertain future.             Correspondence                   Patents: Universities are right to partner Peter Detkin | Patents: Universities profit from products Paul R. Sanberg, Valerie L. McDevitt | Genetics: Cattle, cheese and conservation Sergio Ulhoa Dani, Marcus Vinicius Morais de Oliveira | Computing: Scientific software needs quality control Kieran Alden, Mark Read             Obituary                   Ronald Harry Coase (1910–2013) ▶     Nobel-prizewinning economist whose work inspired cap-and-trade.             Corrections                   Correction (7 DAYS) ▶             Corrections ▶               Specials - Insight: Transcription and epigenetics ▲top               Transcription and epigenetics ▶             Chromatin dynamics during cellular reprogramming ▶             TET enzymes, TDG and the dynamics of DNA demethylation ▶             Chromatin proteins and modifications as drug targets ▶             The nexus of chromatin regulation and intermediary metabolism ▶             Topology of mammalian developmental enhancers and their regulatory landscapes ▶                   EMBO Courses & Workshops 2014 More than 90 conferences, workshops, symposia, practical courses & lecture courses announced. Subscribe to e-news to receive reminders of registration & abstract submission deadlines. events.embo.org         Biological Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Biophysics: Rough passage across a barrier ▶     Benjamin Schuler, Jane Clarke             Marine biology: Coral animals combat stress with sulphur ▶     Graham Jones             Structural biology: Pivotal findings for a transcription machine ▶     Joost Zomerdijk             SHANK3 overexpression causes manic-like behaviour with unique pharmacogenetic properties ▶     Kihoon Han, J. Lloyd Holder Jr et al.     Mouse and human studies reveal that incorrect gene dosage of SHANK3 (a gene linked to some human neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder) is associated with behavioural abnormalities including mania, possibly because of actin regulation problems in excitatory/inhibitory synapses.             Crystal structure of the 14-subunit RNA polymerase I ▶     Carlos Fernández-Tornero, María Moreno-Morcillo, Umar J. Rashid et al.     RNA polymerase (Pol) I transcribes ribosomal RNA that is critically required for ribosome assembly, and the enzyme is a major determinant of protein biosynthesis and cell growth; here the crystal structure of the complete 14-subunit Pol I from yeast is determined, providing insights into its unique architecture and the possible functional roles of its components.             RNA polymerase I structure and transcription regulation ▶     Christoph Engel, Sarah Sainsbury, Alan C. Cheung et al.     The crystal structure of the complete 14-subunit RNA polymerase (Pol) I from yeast is determined, providing insights into its unique architecture and the possible functional roles of its components.             Photosynthetic entrainment of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock ▶     Michael J. Haydon, Olga Mielczarek, Fiona C. Robertson et al.     In Arabidopsis thaliana, the rhythm of sugar production by photosynthesis sets the timing of the circadian clock, by regulating the expression of circadian clock genes.             A canonical to non-canonical Wnt signalling switch in haematopoietic stem-cell ageing ▶     Maria Carolina Florian, Kalpana J. Nattamai, Karin Dörr et al.     This study identifies a shift from canonical to non-canonical Wnt signalling in ageing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); elevated expression of Wnt5a in aged HSCs has a causal role in stem-cell ageing, and this is mediated by the small Rho GTPase Cdc42.             Antigen-specific B-cell receptor sensitizes B cells to infection by influenza virus ▶     Stephanie K. Dougan, Joseph Ashour, Roos A. Karssemeijer et al.     Transnuclear mice are generated from B cells with a receptor specific for the haemagglutinin of influenza A virus; the authors show that influenza virus can infect and deplete haemagglutinin-specific B cells in the lung, which might confer a replicative advantage to the virus and allow it to evade an early neutralizing response.             Structural basis for ligase-specific conjugation of linear ubiquitin chains by HOIP ▶     Benjamin Stieglitz, Rohini R. Rana, Marios G. Koliopoulos et al.     The crystal structure of a complex between the catalytic core of the HOIP subunit of the E3 ligase LUBAC and ubiquitin is reported, yielding insight into the ubiquitin transfer reaction and explaining how HOIP is capable of synthesizing linear ubiquitin chains with high specificity.             A high-resolution map of the three-dimensional chromatin interactome in human cells ▶     Fulai Jin, Yan Li, Jesse R. Dixon et al.     A novel approach to analyse high-depth Hi-C data provides a comprehensive chromatin interaction map at approximately 5–10 kb resolution in human fibroblasts; this reveals that TNF-α-responsive enhancers are already in contact with target promoters before signalling and that this chromatin looping is a strong predictor of gene induction.             Single-molecule fluorescence probes dynamics of barrier crossing ▶     Hoi Sung Chung, William A. Eaton     Here the Kramers diffusion coefficient and free-energy barrier are characterized for the first time through single-molecule fluorescence measurements of the temperature- and viscosity-dependence of the transition path time for protein folding.             DMSP biosynthesis by an animal and its role in coral thermal stress response ▶     Jean-Baptiste Raina, Dianne M. Tapiolas, Sylvain Forêt et al.     Until now, dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), an important component in the sulphur cycle, has been thought to be produced solely by algae and some plants; however, this study shows that the coral animal also produces DMSP, in addition to that produced by the coral's algal symbiont, with potential implications for the sulphur cycle and its climatic consequences as corals and their symbionts are affected by global change.             Differential L1 regulation in pluripotent stem cells of humans and apes ▶     Maria C. N. Marchetto, Iñigo Narvaiza, Ahmet M. Denli et al.     Induced pluripotent stem-cell characterization reveals phenotypical differences between humans and non-human primates (NHPs): gene expression analysis shows differences in the regulation of long interspersed element-1 (L1) transposons, and in the expression of L1-restricting genes APOBEC3B and PIWIL2, correlating with higher L1 mobility in NHPs; this indicates that L1 mobility differences may have differentially shaped the human and NHP genomes.             Structure of the SecY channel during initiation of protein translocation ▶     Eunyong Park, Jean-François Ménétret, James C. Gumbart et al.     Newly synthesized proteins are targeted to the SecY protein-conducting channel for translocation across the membrane; here, cryo-electron microscopy structures of inactive and active ribosome–channel complexes are presented, revealing that ribosome binding does not result in major structural changes to transmembrane regions of the channel, and that stable channel opening requires loop insertion of the translocating nascent chain.             Articles and Letters                   Odour receptors and neurons for DEET and new insect repellents ▶     Pinky Kain, Sean Michael Boyle, Sana Khalid Tharadra et al.     The olfactory receptors and neurons that recognize the insect repellent DEET have been identified in Drosophila melanogaster, enabling identification of new insect repellents in a chemical screen and offering another research avenue against diseases transmitted by insects.             Spatial organization within a niche as a determinant of stem-cell fate ▶     Panteleimon Rompolas, Kailin R. Mesa, Valentina Greco     By combining lineage tracing with intravital microscopy, the position of a stem cell within its extended mouse hair follicle niche is shown to control its long-term fate and behaviour; laser ablation to remove restricted cell populations shows that bulge stem cells are dispensable for hair regeneration, and non-hair epithelial cells may change their fate to compensate and sustain hair growth.             The structure of the box C/D enzyme reveals regulation of RNA methylation ▶     Audrone Lapinaite, Bernd Simon, Lars Skjaerven et al.     RNAs undergo many types of post-transcriptional modification, including methylation of ribosomal RNAs; here the structure of the archaeal box C/D ribonucleoprotein complex bound to substrate RNA is determined, showing that the two methylation guide sequences exist in different contexts and revealing sequential regulation of methylation at the two sites.             The origin of conodonts and of vertebrate mineralized skeletons ▶     Duncan J. E. Murdock, Xi-Ping Dong, John E. Repetski et al.     A study of tooth evolution comparing fossil euconodonts and paraconodonts using X-rays reveals that paraconodonts do not contain vertebrate hard tissues like enamel and dentine and therefore euconodont and vertebrate teeth arose independently and convergently.             A diurnal serum lipid integrates hepatic lipogenesis and peripheral fatty acid use ▶     Sihao Liu, Jonathan D. Brown, Kristopher J. Stanya et al.     How the liver communicates with peripheral tissues to achieve metabolic homeostasis is poorly defined; here the authors show that the nuclear hormone receptor PPARδ regulates de novo lipogenesis in the liver and orchestrates fat use by muscle via a circulating lipid.             The maize Gα gene COMPACT PLANT2 functions in CLAVATA signalling to control shoot meristem size ▶     Peter Bommert, Byoung Il Je, Alexander Goldshmidt et al.     The maize COMPACT PLANT2 locus encodes a Gα subunit; its interaction with leucine-rich receptors suggests a new mode of G-protein signalling that acts through single-pass rather than seven-pass G-protein-coupled transmembrane receptors.             Human MX2 is an interferon-induced post-entry inhibitor of HIV-1 infection ▶     Caroline Goujon, Olivier Moncorgé, Hélène Bauby et al.     Here, a protein known as MX2 is shown to be a major effector of interferon-α-mediated resistance to HIV-1 infection: susceptibility of the HIV-1 virus to inhibition by MX2 is dictated by the Capsid region of the viral Gag protein, and inhibition occurs at a late post-entry step of infection.             MX2 is an interferon-induced inhibitor of HIV-1 infection ▶     Melissa Kane, Shalini S. Yadav, Julia Bitzegeio et al.     MX2 is shown to be an interferon-induced inhibitor of HIV-1 infection, and this antiviral activity may involve the inhibition of nuclear import of subviral complexes.             αTAT1 catalyses microtubule acetylation at clathrin-coated pits ▶     Guillaume Montagnac, Vannary Meas-Yedid, Marie Irondelle et al.     In eukaryotic cells, a subset of microtubules undergoes acetylation, resulting in stabilization: here, clathrin-coated pits are shown to control microtubule acetylation through a direct interaction between the α-tubulin acetyltransferase αTAT1 and the clathrin adaptor AP2, promoting directional cell migration.             Microbial production of short-chain alkanes ▶     Yong Jun Choi, Sang Yup Lee     Microbes have already been engineered to produce diesel fuels, and now the microbial production of components of petrol (gasoline) including short-chain alkanes has been achieved using Escherichia coli strains metabolically engineered with components of fatty acid biosynthesis pathways.             Adrenaline-activated structure of β2-adrenoceptor stabilized by an engineered nanobody ▶     Aaron M. Ring, Aashish Manglik, Andrew C. Kruse et al.     Here, by developing a high-affinity camelid antibody fragment that stabilizes the active state of the β2-adrenoceptor, the X-ray crystal structures of the receptor in complex with three agonists, including adrenaline, were determined.             News & Views                   Palaeoanthropology: Small-brained and big-mouthed ▶     Fred Spoor             Physiology: A metabolic minuet ▶     David D. Moore             Palaeontology: Inside-out turned upside-down ▶     Philippe Janvier             Biophysics: Rough passage across a barrier ▶     Benjamin Schuler, Jane Clarke             Marine biology: Coral animals combat stress with sulphur ▶     Graham Jones             Structural biology: Pivotal findings for a transcription machine ▶     Joost Zomerdijk             Corrigenda                   Corrigendum: APOBEC3B is an enzymatic source of mutation in breast cancer ▶     Michael B. Burns, Lela Lackey, Michael A. Carpenter et al.             Corrigendum: Dietary intervention impact on gut microbial gene richness ▶     Aurélie Cotillard, Sean P. Kennedy, Ling Chun Kong et al.             Research Highlights                   Ecology: Counting trees in the Amazon | Physiology: Skin cells have daily rhythms | Conservation: Florida panthers keep their heads | Biochemistry: Icy origins for RNA copying? | Neuroscience: Poisonous RNA in neural diseases | Microbiology: The microbial corpse clock | Biological techniques: Tracking genes in myriad single cells         NEWS & COMMENT           Brain decoding: Reading minds | Europe debates fisheries funding | Palaeontology: The truth about T. rex | Genetics: The genetic watchmaker | Physics: Science under the Nazis | Biology: The love of pit vipers | Psychiatry: America the traumatized | Genetics: Cattle, cheese and conservation | Death row incurs drug penalty             More Biological Sciences ▶                 Frontiers at American Public Health Association Meeting in Boston Come along to our session on open access to public health research  Sunday, 3rd November at 2:00pm in Room 259B The session will cover not only the process of publishing in Frontiers in Public Health, but will also look at the impact of open access publishing on the field of Public Health. This session is free and open to all delegates.          Chemical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Biophysics: Rough passage across a barrier ▶     Benjamin Schuler, Jane Clarke             Single-molecule fluorescence probes dynamics of barrier crossing ▶     Hoi Sung Chung, William A. Eaton     Here the Kramers diffusion coefficient and free-energy barrier are characterized for the first time through single-molecule fluorescence measurements of the temperature- and viscosity-dependence of the transition path time for protein folding.             Articles and Letters                   Thermal maps of gases in heterogeneous reactions ▶     Nanette N. Jarenwattananon, Stefan Glöggler, Trenton Otto et al.     A technique of NMR thermometry that relies on the inverse relationship between NMR linewidths and temperature can be used to map non-invasively the gas temperatures inside catalytic reactors, offering unprecedented capabilities for testing the approximations used in reactor modelling.             News & Views                   Inorganic chemistry: A reducing role for boron ▶     Polly L. Arnold             Biophysics: Rough passage across a barrier ▶     Benjamin Schuler, Jane Clarke             Research Highlights                   Biochemistry: Icy origins for RNA copying?         NEWS & COMMENT           Magnetic map             More Chemical Sciences ▶               Physical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Biophysics: Rough passage across a barrier ▶     Benjamin Schuler, Jane Clarke             Quantum physics: Single electrons pop out of the Fermi sea ▶     Christian Flindt             Colloidal assembly directed by virtual magnetic moulds ▶     Ahmet F. Demirörs, Pramod P. Pillai, Bartlomiej Kowalczyk et al.     Magnetic fields micropatterned within a paramagnetic fluid can simultaneously trap and position both magnetic and non-magnetic microparticles, the latter including live bacteria.             Single-molecule fluorescence probes dynamics of barrier crossing ▶     Hoi Sung Chung, William A. Eaton     Here the Kramers diffusion coefficient and free-energy barrier are characterized for the first time through single-molecule fluorescence measurements of the temperature- and viscosity-dependence of the transition path time for protein folding.             Minimal-excitation states for electron quantum optics using levitons ▶     J. Dubois, T. Jullien, F. Portier et al.     Minimal-excitation fermionic quasiparticles are created by applying a potential with Lorentzian time dependence to the contact of a narrow constriction in a two-dimensional electron gas.             Articles and Letters                   A galaxy rapidly forming stars 700 million years after the Big Bang at redshift 7.51 ▶     S. L. Finkelstein, C. Papovich, M. Dickinson et al.     A deep near-infrared spectroscopic survey of 43 photometrically-selected galaxies with redshift z > 6.5 detects a near-infrared emission line from only a single galaxy; this line is likely to be Lyman α emission at a wavelength of 1.0343 μm, placing this galaxy at z=7.51.             Interface superconductor with gap behaviour like a high-temperature superconductor ▶     C. Richter, H. Boschker, W. Dietsche et al.     The density of states in a two-dimensional superconductor has an energy gap that behaves analogously to that in a high-transition-temperature copper oxide superconductor as a function of charge carrier density, suggesting that such behaviour could be a general property of two-dimensional superconductivity.             Exploiting dimensionality and defect mitigation to create tunable microwave dielectrics ▶     Che-Hui Lee, Nathan D. Orloff, Turan Birol et al.     A new family of tunable microwave dielectrics with unparalleled performance at frequencies up to 125 GHz at room temperature has been created, using dimensionality to add and control a local ferroelectric instability in a system with exceptionally low dielectric loss.             Thermal maps of gases in heterogeneous reactions ▶     Nanette N. Jarenwattananon, Stefan Glöggler, Trenton Otto et al.     A technique of NMR thermometry that relies on the inverse relationship between NMR linewidths and temperature can be used to map non-invasively the gas temperatures inside catalytic reactors, offering unprecedented capabilities for testing the approximations used in reactor modelling.             News & Views                   Astrophysics: Recipe for regularity ▶     Ellen Zweibel             Applied physics: Materials scientists take control ▶     Melanie W. Cole             50 & 100 Years Ago ▶             Inorganic chemistry: A reducing role for boron ▶     Polly L. Arnold             Astronomy: New distance record for galaxies ▶     Dominik A. Riechers             Biophysics: Rough passage across a barrier ▶     Benjamin Schuler, Jane Clarke             Quantum physics: Single electrons pop out of the Fermi sea ▶     Christian Flindt             Brief Communications Arising                   Controversy about ultrahard nanotwinned cBN ▶     Natalia Dubrovinskaia, Leonid Dubrovinsky             Tian et al. reply ▶     Yongjun Tian, Bo Xu, Dongli Yu et al.             Research Highlights                   Biochemistry: Icy origins for RNA copying? | Materials science: Grinding makes a harder metal | Physics: Tying knots with light beams         NEWS & COMMENT           Magnetic map | Disaster management: Preparing for the worst | Radio astronomy: Finger on the pulsar | Physics: Science under the Nazis | History of science: Science spun on the Silk Road | Computing: Scientific software needs quality control | Final word is near on dark-matter signal             More Physical Sciences ▶               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Marine biology: Coral animals combat stress with sulphur ▶     Graham Jones             DMSP biosynthesis by an animal and its role in coral thermal stress response ▶     Jean-Baptiste Raina, Dianne M. Tapiolas, Sylvain Forêt et al.     Until now, dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), an important component in the sulphur cycle, has been thought to be produced solely by algae and some plants; however, this study shows that the coral animal also produces DMSP, in addition to that produced by the coral's algal symbiont, with potential implications for the sulphur cycle and its climatic consequences as corals and their symbionts are affected by global change.             Articles and Letters                   Robust twenty-first-century projections of El Niño and related precipitation variability ▶     Scott Power, François Delage, Christine Chung et al.     The future of El Niño and its impact on precipitation in a warming world is clearer than previously appreciated.             News & Views                   Marine biology: Coral animals combat stress with sulphur ▶     Graham Jones             Corrigendum                   Corrigendum: Calving fluxes and basal melt rates of Antarctic ice shelves ▶     M. A. Depoorter, J. L. Bamber, J. A. Griggs et al.             Research Highlights                   Conservation: Florida panthers keep their heads | Climate science: Pollution alters cloud reflection         NEWS & COMMENT           Europe debates fisheries funding | Palaeontology: The truth about T. rex | Disaster management: Preparing for the worst | Economics: Fixing the climate odds | Volcanic-ash sensor to take flight | Politics: The long shadow of the shutdown             More Earth & Environmental Sciences ▶                 UCSD Clinical and Translational Research Institute and Nature Medicine present: Bench to Bedside 2013: Cancer Therapeutics November 4-6, 2013 Estancia La Jolla Hotel La Jolla, CA, USA Click here for more information or to register for this conference today!         Careers & Jobs ▲top               Professional societies: Come together ▶     Scientific organizations can help researchers — especially in developing countries — to make contacts and boost their skills.                   A good investment ▶     Success involves acknowledging past accomplishments as well as looking ahead to future value, says Yoshimi Rii.             Careers related news & comment                   Seven days: 18–24 October 2013 | High maintenance | Universities must inspire students as well as teach Rana Dajani | Policy: Set research priorities in a time of recession Patrick Cunningham | Genetics: The genetic watchmaker Nathaniel Comfort | Patents: Universities are right to partner Peter Detkin | Patents: Universities profit from products Paul R. Sanberg, Valerie L. McDevitt | Ronald Harry Coase (1910–2013) Robert Hahn | End harassment | Brazil fêtes open-access site Richard Van Noorden | Pain of US shutdown lingers Lauren Morello, Heidi Ledford, Helen Shen et al. | Politics: The long shadow of the shutdown Gretchen E. Hofmann               naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Research Support Assistant     Medical Research Council            Postdoctoral Researchers     John Innes Centre            Postdoctoral Fellow     Baylor College of Medicine            PhD position     Synchrotron SOLEIL          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. Keep up-to-date with the latest sector trends, vote in our reader poll and sign-up to receive the monthly Naturejobs newsletter.           • Natureevents Directory featured events           natureevents directory featured events         Diet, gut microbiology and human health     11.12.13 London, UK         Natureevents Directory is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide.               Futures                   How cherry coke saved my life ▶     Dawn Bonanno                 Your email address is in the Nature mailing list. You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/nams/svc/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant). For further technical assistance, please contact subscriptions@nature.com For other enquiries, please contact feedback@nature.com Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th floor | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA Nature Publishing Group's offices: Principal offices: London - New York - Tokyo Worldwide offices: Basingstoke - Boston - Buenos Aires - Delhi - Hong Kong - Madrid - Melbourne - Munich - Paris - San Francisco - Seoul - Washington DC Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. © 2013 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.