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| | | | Jump to the content that matters to you | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Global resurfacing of Mercury 4.0-4.1 billion years ago by heavy bombardment and volcanism | | Mercury has a much lower density of small craters than the Moon, a difference that has been attributed to a bout of resurfacing. Simone Marchi et al. used a crater density map based on data from the MESSENGER spacecraft to locate the oldest surfaces on Mercury and interpret the crater populations in the framework of a recent lunar crater chronology. They conclude that the oldest surfaces were created soon after the start of the Late Heavy Bombardment four billion years ago. The large impact basins have a similar surface age, suggesting that resurfacing was global and caused by volcanism and heavy bombardment. | | | | | | | | | | | | | Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome | | Obesity is a known major risk factor for several common types of cancer, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study shows that in a mouse model of liver cancer, a high-fat diet accelerates tumour growth by provoking a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Antibiotic and other interventions show that the fatty diet alters the composition of intestinal bacteria leading to more production of deoxycholic acid (DCA), a byproduct of microbial bile acid metabolism that is known to cause DNA damage. DCA then induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that promote liver cancer. These findings highlight the complex links between diet, gut microbes and cancer, and suggest novel therapies. | | | | | | | | | | | | | Self-assembling influenza nanoparticle vaccines elicit broadly neutralizing H1N1 antibodies | | The efficacy of the current generation of vaccines for seasonal influenza is limited by the need to produce new vaccines – using dated and time-consuming technologies – to cope with the rapidly evolving virus. This study presents a novel approach to influenza vaccination using self-assembling ferritin-based nanoparticles fused to the native viral attachment protein, haemagglutinin. The new vaccine works by stimulating the production of neutralizing antibodies that latch on to parts of the virus that are common to different strains – a step towards the realization of a much sought-after universal vaccine. Made entirely from recombinant ingredients, it is also safer to make than standard vaccines produced by growing the virus in eggs or cultured cells. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In this week's podcast: mining seedbanks for supercrops, how the two degree target isn't enough to tackle climate change, and building new organs from scratch. In our latest video feature Nature Video visits Massachusetts General Hospital with Brendan Maher, where scientists are harvesting dead hearts to engineer parts for transplant. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | More than hot air ▶ | | | | US President Barack Obama gave a fine speech on global warming, but now he must deliver on regulations for coal power and greater fuel economy. | | | | | | | | | | | | Russian roulette ▶ | | | | Reforms without consultation will destroy the Russian Academy of Sciences. | | | | | | | | | | | | Presumed consent ▶ | | | | More must be done to boost tissue donation for transplantation and research. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Seven days: 30 June–4 July 2013 ▶ | | | | The week in science: Dutch researcher settles case over fabricated data, two HIV patients on path to cure, and NIH retires nearly all research chimpanzees. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Arts: Think beyond ▶ | | | | Joanne Baker plunges into an exhibition on visionaries who break all the rules. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The Mycobacterium tuberculosis regulatory network and hypoxia ▶ | | | | James E. Galagan, Kyle Minch, Matthew Peterson et al. | | | | Mycobacterium tuberculosis has the ability to survive within the host for months to decades in an asymptomatic state, and adaptations to hypoxia are thought to have an important role in pathogenesis; here a systems-wide reconstruction of the regulatory network provides a framework for understanding mycobacterial persistence in the host. | | | | | | | | | | | | Great ape genetic diversity and population history OPEN ▶ | | | | Javier Prado-Martinez, Peter H. Sudmant, Jeffrey M. Kidd et al. | | | | High-coverage sequencing of 79 (wild and captive) individuals representing all six non-human great ape species has identified over 88 million single nucleotide polymorphisms providing insight into ape genetic variation and evolutionary history and enabling comparison with human genetic diversity. | | | | | | | | | | | | Vascularized and functional human liver from an iPSC-derived organ bud transplant ▶ | | | | Takanori Takebe, Keisuke Sekine, Masahiro Enomura et al. | | | | Vascularized, functional human liver is generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by transplantation of liver buds created in vitro (iPSC-LBs); hepatic cells self-organized into three-dimensional iPSC-LBs, and human vasculatures in iPSC-LB transplants became functional by connecting to host vessels, stimulating maturation of iPSC-LBs into tissue resembling adult liver and performing liver-specific functions. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Structural basis for the inhibition of bacterial multidrug exporters ▶ | | | | Ryosuke Nakashima, Keisuke Sakurai, Seiji Yamasaki et al. | | | | The first inhibitor-bound X-ray crystal structures of the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter AcrB and its homologue MexB are presented, with the inhibitor shown to bind the transporter through a narrow hydrophobic pit, thereby preventing rotation of AcrB and MexB monomers. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Spatiotemporal control of endocytosis by phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate ▶ | | | | York Posor, Marielle Eichhorn-Gruenig, Dmytro Puchkov et al. | | | | Phosphoinositides are important regulators of intracellular membrane traffic, and although the role of PI(4,5)P2 has been well characterised, the function of PI(3,4)P2 remains unclear; here the formation of PI(3,4)P2 by the class II phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase C2α enzyme is shown to control clathrin-mediated endocytosis. | | | | | | | | | | | | PfSETvs methylation of histone H3K36 represses virulence genes in Plasmodium falciparum ▶ | | | | Lubin Jiang, Jianbing Mu, Qingfeng Zhang et al. | | | | The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum escapes immune detection by expressing one of 60 antigenically distinct var genes at any one time during the course of infection: here it is shown that the P. falciparum protein PfSETvs has a key role in var gene silencing through the trimethylation of histone H3K36. | | | | | | | | | | | | Vitamin C induces Tet-dependent DNA demethylation and a blastocyst-like state in ES cells ▶ | | | | Kathryn Blaschke, Kevin T. Ebata, Mohammad M. Karimi et al. | | | | Vitamin C is a direct regulator of Tet enzyme activity and DNA methylation fidelity in mouse ES cells; addition of vitamin C promotes Tet activity, increases 5-hydroxymethlycytosine (5hmC) and DNA demethylation of many gene promoters, upregulates demethylated germline genes, and induces a state that more closely approximates that of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. | | | | | | | | | | | | Biological features of novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus ▶ | | | | Jiangfang Zhou, Dayan Wang, Rongbao Gao et al. | | | | An initial characterization of the receptor-binding properties of the novel avian influenza A (H7N9) shows that the virus has acquired the ability to bind human receptors while retaining the ability to bind avian receptors; the virus infects epithelial cells in the human lower respiratory tract and type II pneumocytes in the alveoli, and hypercytokinaemia was seen in infected patients. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Comprehensive molecular characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma OPEN ▶ | | | | The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network | | | | The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network reports an integrative analysis of more than 400 samples of clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on genomic, DNA methylation, RNA and proteomic characterisation; frequent mutations were identified in the PI(3)K/AKT pathway, suggesting this pathway might be a potential therapeutic target, among the findings is also a demonstration of metabolic remodelling which correlates with tumour stage and severity. | | | | | | | | | | | | 53BP1 is a reader of the DNA-damage-induced H2A Lys 15 ubiquitin mark ▶ | | | | Amélie Fradet-Turcotte, Marella D. Canny, Cristina Escribano-Díaz et al. | | | | This study shows that 53BP1 recruitment to sites of DNA damage involves dual recognition of H4K20me2 and H2AK15 histone ubiquitination; the ubiquitin mark and the surrounding epitope on H2A are read by a region of 53BP1 designated the ubiquitination-dependent recruitment motif. | | | | | | | | | | | | Biomimetic assembly and activation of [FeFe]-hydrogenases ▶ | | | | G. Berggren, A. Adamska, C. Lambertz et al. | | | | Three synthetic mimics of the di-iron centre in [FeFe]-hydrogenases are loaded onto the HydF protein and then transferred to apo-HydA1; full activation of HydA1 was achieved only with the HydF hybrid protein that contained the mimic with an azadithiolate bridge, confirming the presence of this ligand in the active site of native [FeFe]-hydrogenases. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Variation and genetic control of protein abundance in humans ▶ | | | | Linfeng Wu, Sophie I. Candille, Yoonha Choi et al. | | | | A large-scale analysis of variation in human protein levels between individuals is performed using mass-spectrometry-based proteomic technology, and a number of protein quantitative trait loci are identified; over 5% of proteins vary by more than 1.5-fold in their expression levels between individuals, and this variation is not always linked to RNA level. | | | | | | | | | | | | A single pair of interneurons commands the Drosophila feeding motor program ▶ | | | | Thomas F. Flood, Shinya Iguchi, Michael Gorczyca et al. | | | | A pair of Drosophila brain cells is identified and its activation alone is found to induce the fly's complete feeding motor routine when artificially induced; suppressing or ablating these two neurons eliminates the sugar-induced feeding behaviour, but ablation of just one neuron results in asymmetric movements. | | | | | | | | | | | | High-resolution analysis with novel cell-surface markers identifies routes to iPS cells ▶ | | | | James O'Malley, Stavroula Skylaki, Kumiko A. Iwabuchi et al. | | | | Cellular reprogramming is shown to occur in an ordered, stepwise manner, marked by changes in the cell-surface markers CD44, ICAM1 and Nanog–eGFP; molecular characterization of discrete subpopulations of partially reprogrammed cells shows that reprogramming is not simply the reversal of the normal development process. | | | | | | | | | | | | ZFP36L2 is required for self-renewal of early burst-forming unit erythroid progenitors ▶ | | | | Lingbo Zhang, Lina Prak, Violeta Rayon-Estrada et al. | | | | Under stress conditions such as acute blood loss or chronic anaemia, glucocorticoids trigger self-renewal of early burst-forming unit–erythroid (BFU–E) progenitors in the spleen, however, the mechanism of glucocorticoid action is not well understood; here the RNA binding protein ZFP36L2 is identified as a transcriptional target of the glucocorticoid receptor in BFU-Es and is shown to be involved in the process of erythroid cell expansion following exposure to glucocorticoids. | | | | | | | | | | | | Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome ▶ | | | | Shin Yoshimoto, Tze Mun Loo, Koji Atarashi et al. | | | | Obesity is shown in a mouse model of liver cancer to strongly enhance tumorigenesis; a high fat diet alters the composition of intestinal bacteria, leading to more production of the metabolite DCA which, probably together with other factors, induces senescence and the secretion of various senescence-associated cytokines in hepatic stellate cells, thus promoting cancer. | | | | | | | | | | | | Self-assembling influenza nanoparticle vaccines elicit broadly neutralizing H1N1 antibodies ▶ | | | | Masaru Kanekiyo, Chih-Jen Wei, Hadi M. Yassine et al. | | | | A novel platform for vaccines has been developed using self-assembling ferritin-based nanoparticles displaying influenza virus haemagglutinin; the haemagglutinin–nanoparticle vaccine induces more broad and potent neutralizing antibodies against diverse virus strains than a licensed influenza vaccine in mice and ferrets. | | | | | | | | | | | | Structural basis for alternating access of a eukaryotic calcium/proton exchanger ▶ | | | | Andrew B. Waight, Bjørn Panyella Pedersen, Avner Schlessinger et al. | | | | The X-ray crystal structure of a member of the Ca2+/H+ (CAX) antiporter family from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a cytosol-facing, substrate-bound conformation is solved; using the structure, a mechanism by which members of the Ca2+:cation (CaCA) superfamily facilitate Ca2+ transport across cellular membranes is proposed. | | | | | | | | | | | | Structural basis of histone H2A–H2B recognition by the essential chaperone FACT ▶ | | | | Maria Hondele, Tobias Stuwe, Markus Hassler et al. | | | | The crystal structure of the FACT histone chaperone domain Spt16M in complex with the H2A–H2B heterodimer is solved; Spt16M makes several interactions with histones and seems to block the interaction of H2B with DNA, which could explain how FACT destabilizes nucleosomes to promote transcription. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WE launched in 2011
YOU published 2000 papers with us OUR impact factor is 2.927* *2012 Journal Citation Reports® (Thomson Reuters, 2013) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Biomimetic assembly and activation of [FeFe]-hydrogenases ▶ | | | | G. Berggren, A. Adamska, C. Lambertz et al. | | | | Three synthetic mimics of the di-iron centre in [FeFe]-hydrogenases are loaded onto the HydF protein and then transferred to apo-HydA1; full activation of HydA1 was achieved only with the HydF hybrid protein that contained the mimic with an azadithiolate bridge, confirming the presence of this ligand in the active site of native [FeFe]-hydrogenases. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The same frequency of planets inside and outside open clusters of stars ▶ | | | | Søren Meibom, Guillermo Torres, Francois Fressin et al. | | | | The transits of two Sun-like stars by small planets in an open star cluster are reported; such a stellar environment is unlike that of most planet-hosting field stars, and suggests that the occurrence of planets is unaffected by the stellar environment in open clusters. | | | | | | | | | | | | Global resurfacing of Mercury 4.0–4.1 billion years ago by heavy bombardment and volcanism ▶ | | | | Simone Marchi, Clark R. Chapman, Caleb I. Fassett et al. | | | | Analysis of craters on Mercury's oldest, most heavily cratered terrains shows that they were formed 4.0–4.1 billion years ago, and that the planet's previous geological history was erased, most probably by voluminous volcanism, which may have been triggered by heavy asteroidal bombardment at that time. | | | | | | | | | | | | Reduction of the radiative decay of atomic coherence in squeezed vacuum ▶ | | | | K. W. Murch, S. J. Weber, K. M. Beck et al. | | | | The quantum light–matter interaction between a superconducting artificial atom and squeezed vacuum reduces the transverse radiative decay rate of the atom by a factor of two, allowing the corresponding coherence time, T2, to exceed the ordinary vacuum decay limit, 2T1. | | | | | | | | | | | | Biomimetic assembly and activation of [FeFe]-hydrogenases ▶ | | | | G. Berggren, A. Adamska, C. Lambertz et al. | | | | Three synthetic mimics of the di-iron centre in [FeFe]-hydrogenases are loaded onto the HydF protein and then transferred to apo-HydA1; full activation of HydA1 was achieved only with the HydF hybrid protein that contained the mimic with an azadithiolate bridge, confirming the presence of this ligand in the active site of native [FeFe]-hydrogenases. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Allowable carbon emissions lowered by multiple climate targets ▶ | | | | Marco Steinacher, Fortunat Joos, Thomas F. Stocker | | | | The amount of greenhouse gas emissions that will limit the risks from such emissions has been set by the goal of keeping global warming below two degrees Celsius above preindustrial, but this study sets thresholds for sea level rise, ocean acidification and agricultural productivity as well as warming and shows that emissions need to be lowered even further. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Melting during late-stage rifting in Afar is hot and deep ▶ | | | | D. J. Ferguson, J. Maclennan, I. D. Bastow et al. | | | | Large volumes of molten rock break through the Earth's crust during continental breakup, and here it is shown that the cause is primarily very high mantle temperatures (under a thick plate), rather than plate thinning. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nature Geoscience web focus: 5 years after the Wenchuan Earthquake Free online to registered nature.com users until 31 October 2013. Produced with support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Careers related news & comment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 
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