Dear Reader ,
Here is your customized Phys.org Newsletter for week 23:
New all-solid sulfur-based battery outperforms lithium-ion technology
(Phys.org) �Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have designed and tested an all-solid lithium-sulfur battery with approximately four times the energy density of conventional lithium-ion technologies that power today's electronics.
Roman seawater concrete holds the secret to cutting carbon emissions
The chemical secrets of a concrete Roman breakwater that has spent the last 2,000 years submerged in the Mediterranean Sea have been uncovered by an international team of researchers led by Paulo Monteiro of the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of California, Berkeley.
International team strengthens Big Bang Theory
(Phys.org) �An international team of scientists using the most powerful telescope on Earth has discovered the moments just after the Big Bang happened more like the theory predicts, eliminating a significant discrepancy that troubled physicists for two decades. The discovery will be published in the international journal Astronomy & Astrophysics on June 6.
Life on Earth shockingly comes from out of this world
(Phys.org) �Early Earth was not very hospitable when it came to jump starting life. In fact, new research shows that life on Earth may have come from out of this world.
May the force be with us? Precise measurements test quantum electrodynamics, constrain possible fifth fundamental force
(Phys.org) �Quantum electrodynamics (QED) � the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics � describes how light and matter interact � achieves full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity. (QED can also be described as a perturbation theory of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum.) QED solves the problem of infinities associated with charged pointlike particles and, perhaps more importantly, includes the effects of spontaneous particle-antiparticle generation from the vacuum. Recently, scientists at VU University, The Netherlands, published two papers in quick succession that, respectively, tested QED to extreme precision by comparing values for the electromagnetic coupling constant1, and applied these measurements to obtain accurate results from frequency measurements on neutral hydrogen molecules that can be interpreted in terms of constraints on possible fifth-force interactions beyond the Standard Model of physics2. In addition, the research! ers point out that while the Standard Model explains physical phenomena observed at the microscopic scale, so-called dark matter and dark energy at the cosmological scale are considered as unsolved problems that hints at physics beyond the Standard Model.
Metal-free catalyst outperforms platinum in fuel cell
Researchers from South Korea, Case Western Reserve University and University of North Texas have discovered an inexpensive and easily produced catalyst that performs better than platinum in oxygen-reduction reactions.
Dense hydrogen in a new light
(Phys.org) �Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. The way it responds under extreme pressures and temperatures is crucial to our understanding of matter and the nature of hydrogen-rich planets.
Core of fusion device completed: Last steel seam on Wendelstein 7-X closed
The last open seam on the steel outer cover of the Wendelstein 7-X fusion device was closed last week. The core of the research device is thus ready as basic skeleton and can go into operation at the Greifswald branch institute of Max Planck Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP) in 2014.
Classic microscopy reveals borrelia bacteria
A simple method has been found that tells people who have become seriously ill after a tick bite once and for all whether they have bacteria in their blood.
Spooky action put to order: Physicists classify different types of 'entanglement'
A property known as "entanglement" is a fundamental characteristic of quantum mechanics. Physicists and mathematicians at ETH Zurich show now how different forms of this phenomenon can be efficiently and systematically classified into categories. The method should help to fully exploit the potential of novel quantum technologies.
Helicopter takes to the skies with the power of thought (w/ Video)
A remote controlled helicopter has been flown through a series of hoops around a college gymnasium in Minnesota. It sounds like your everyday student project; however, there is one caveat� the helicopter was controlled using just the power of thought.
New principle sets maximum limit on quantum information communication
(Phys.org) �When two parties use a quantum system to share information, the amount of quantum information that can be communicated is fundamentally limited by quantum properties. Now in a new paper, Dami�n Pital�a-Garc�a, a scientist in the University of Cambridge's Centre for Quantum Information and Foundations in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, has proposed a principle that can determine the maximum amount of quantum information that a quantum system can communicate. According to this principle, the maximum amount of information is limited only by the quantum system's dimension, and does not depend on any physical resources previously shared by the communicating parties.
Europe set for record-breaking space launch
Nearly 40 years ago, European countries worried by US and Soviet dominance of space gave the green light to the first Ariane rocket, a wee launcher capable of hoisting a satellite payload of just 1.8 tonnes�the equivalent mass of two small cars.
New bus system tops off batteries in just 15 seconds
(Phys.org) �A new type of battery bus system being tested in Switzerland is able to operate continually by making use of flash-charging stations. Called Trolleybus Optimisation Systeme Alimentation (TOSA), the new bus and recharging system is currently being tested on a one mile route in Geneva between the city's airport and international exhibition center.
Bell Labs researchers build camera with no lens
(Phys.org) �A small team of researchers at Bell Labs in New Jersey has built a camera that has no lens. Instead, as they explain in their paper they've uploaded to the preprint server arXiv, the camera uses a LCD array, a photoelectric sensor and a computer to create always in-focus pictures.
Wi-Fi signals enable gesture recognition throughout entire home (w/ Video)
(Phys.org) �Forget to turn off the lights before leaving the apartment? No problem. Just raise your hand, finger-swipe the air, and your lights will power down. Want to change the song playing on your music system in the other room? Move your hand to the right and flip through the songs.
Is Big Data turning government into 'Big Brother'? (Update)
With every phone call they make and every Web excursion they take, people are leaving a digital trail of revealing data that can be tracked by profit-seeking companies and terrorist-hunting government officials.
Bayesian statistics theorem holds its own - but use with caution
(Phys.org) �In a Perspective in Science magazine this week, a Stanford Professor of Statistics re-examines Bayes' Theorem, its varying fortunes over the two-and-a-half centuries since it was proposed, and its current boom in popularity and likely future.
Mars rover Opportunity trekking toward more layers
(Phys.org) �Approaching its 10th anniversary of leaving Earth, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity is on the move again, trekking to a new study area still many weeks away.
New 311mph maglev train in Japan passes initial tests
(Phys.org) �Engineers with Central Japan Railway Co. have put their newest maglev L0 train through initial testing and report the new high-speed train is on course for commercial deployment by 2027. The train will eventually carry up to 1000 passengers at a time in 16 carriages (traveling at speeds up to 311mph / 500kmph) between Tokyo and Nagoya, cutting current travel time from 90 to 40 minutes.
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