Nature Photonics contents July 2013 Volume 7 Number 7 pp 501-576

Advertisement See what you've been missing with NEW Agilent Cary 7000 UMS Agilent introduces a revolution in solid sample measurement - the Cary 7000 Universal Measurement Spectrophotometer (UMS). Watch video, view webinar, receive a FREE Information Kit and learn how the NEW Cary 7000 will advance your materials analysis. TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2013 Volume 7, Issue 7 Editorial Books and Arts Research Highlights News and Views Letters Articles Interview Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Editorial Top For a brighter tomorrow   p501 doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.180 Photonics societies in the USA join forces in the National Photonics Initiative to increase photonics research and development, grow the USA economy and improve national security. Books and Arts Top New titles at a glance   p503 Bionanophotonics: An Introductory Textbook by Shuichi Kinoshita doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.158 Research Highlights Top Quantum information: Single-ion readout | Dye lasers: Going solvent-free | Graphene: High photoresponsitivity | Optical materials: Thin photovoltaics | Rydberg states: Surprising stability | Artificial photosynthesis: Polymer power | Optical metrology: Measuring thin films | Imaging: Magnetic mapping | Optical trapping: Fibre-ion integration News and Views Top Fibre communications: Time-reversed twin   pp507 - 508 Ezra Ip and Joseph M. Kahn doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.155 Co-propagating a signal with its phase conjugate along an optical fibre link makes it possible to mitigate unwanted nonlinear distortions and improve the signal-to-noise ratio in long-haul optical communication systems. See also: Article by Liu et al. Raman spectroscopy: The effect of field gradient on SERS   pp508 - 510 Christine M. Aikens, Lindsey R. Madison and George C. Schatz doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.153 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is normally associated with the enhanced electric fields that arise near metal nanoparticle surfaces. The contribution of field gradients has been unclear, but new research provides insights into their effect. See also: Letter by Takase et al. Quantum optics: Spins charge ahead   pp510 - 511 Abram L. Falk and David D. Awschalom doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.159 The spin of the nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond is a powerful resource for quantum control. However, control over its charge state lags far behind. Appropriating electrical gating techniques used in quantum-dot devices could bridge this gap. Plasmonics: Graphene shrinks light   p511 David Pile doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.154 Quantum information processing: Two become one   pp512 - 513 Jonas Schou Neergaard-Nielsen doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.169 Scientists experimentally demonstrate a scheme that allows the number of qubits encoded per photon to be varied while keeping the overall quantum information constant. They also propose the inverse 'splitting' process. See also: Letter by Vitelli et al. Quantum computation: Boson sampling on a chip   pp514 - 515 T. C. Ralph doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.175 Small-scale quantum computers made from an array of interconnected waveguides on a glass chip can now perform a task that is considered hard to undertake on a large scale by classical means. See also: Letter by Tillmann et al. | Letter by Crespi et al. View from... CLEO Europe 2013: Science over fibre   pp515 - 516 Oliver Graydon doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.178 The web of optical fibre networks deployed across Europe is proving useful for experiments in optical metrology and sensing in addition to their primary use of carrying Internet data and telephone calls. Photonics JOBS of the week Canada Excellence Research Chair in Neurophotonics Université Laval Research Associate Michigan State University More Science jobs from Photonics EVENT Advanced Photonics 07.12.13 Rio Grande, Puerto Rico More science events from Letters Top Certified quantum non-demolition measurement of a macroscopic material system   pp517 - 520 R. J. Sewell, M. Napolitano, N. Behbood, G. Colangelo and M. W. Mitchell doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.100 The first true quantum non-demolition measurement of atomic spins by paramagnetic Faraday rotation in a quantum atom–light interface is described. By using an ensemble of 87Rb atoms, quantum state preparation and information–damage trade-off are observed beyond their classical limits by 7 and 12 standard deviations, respectively. Joining the quantum state of two photons into one   pp521 - 526 Chiara Vitelli, Nicolo Spagnolo, Lorenzo Aparo, Fabio Sciarrino and Enrico Santamato et al. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.107 Quantum information circuits for 'quantum joining' are proposed, in which two qubits of information encoded in the polarization of two photons are re-encoded into the polarization and path degrees of freedom of a single photon, while keeping the overall quantum information constant. The inverse /`splitting/' process is also proposed. See also: News and Views by Neergaard-Nielsen Towards quantum-dot arrays of entangled photon emitters   pp527 - 531 Gediminas Juska, Valeria Dimastrodonato, Lorenzo O. Mereni, Agnieszka Gocalinska and Emanuele Pelucchi doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.128 An array of pyramidal site-controlled InGaAs1−δNδ quantum dots is grown on a GaAs substrate to reduce the fine-structure splitting of the intermediate single-exciton energy levels to less than 4 μeV. The quantum dots emit polarization-entangled photons at a maximum fidelity of 0.721 ± 0.043 without external manipulation of the electronic states. Frequency-agile, rapid scanning spectroscopy   pp532 - 534 G.-W. Truong, K. O. Douglass, S. E. Maxwell, R. D. van Zee and D. F. Plusquellic et al. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.98 Frequency-agile, rapid scanning spectroscopy requires no mechanical motion and provides a scanning rate of 8 kHz per cavity mode at a sensitivity of ~2 × 10-12 cm-1 Hz-1/2, with a scanning range that exceeds 70 GHz. This technique is promising for fast and sensitive trace gas measurements and chemical kinetic studies. Wideband dye-sensitized solar cells employing a phosphine-coordinated ruthenium sensitizer   pp535 - 539 Takumi Kinoshita, Joanne Ting Dy, Satoshi Uchida, Takaya Kubo and Hiroshi Segawa doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.136 Single and tandem dye-sensitized solar cells with high power-conversion efficiencies and large photocurrent densities are fabricated using a photosensitizer whose long wavelength absorption originates from a spin-forbidden single-triplet transition. Experimental boson sampling   pp540 - 544 Max Tillmann, Borivoje Dakić, René Heilmann, Stefan Nolte, Alexander Szameit & Philip Walther doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.102 The boson-sampling problem is experimentally solved by implementing Aaronson and Arkhipov's model of computation with photons in integrated optical circuits. These results set a benchmark for a type of quantum computer that can potentially outperform a conventional computer by using only a few photons and linear optical elements. See also: News and Views by Ralph Integrated multimode interferometers with arbitrary designs for photonic boson sampling   pp545 - 549 Andrea Crespi, Roberto Osellame, Roberta Ramponi, Daniel J. Brod, Ernesto F. Galvão, Nicolò Spagnolo, Chiara Vitelli, Enrico Maiorino, Paolo Mataloni & Fabio Sciarrino doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.112 The boson-sampling problem was demonstrated by studying three-photon interference in a five-mode integrated interferometer containing three-dimensional S-bent waveguides. Three single photons were input into the interferometer and the probability ratios of all events were measured. The results agree with quantum mechanical predictions for three-photon interference. See also: News and Views by Ralph Selection-rule breakdown in plasmon-induced electronic excitation of an isolated single-walled carbon nanotube   pp550 - 554 Mai Takase, Hiroshi Ajiki, Yoshihiko Mizumoto, Keiichiro Komeda, Masanobu Nara, Hideki Nabika, Satoshi Yasuda, Hajime Ishihara & Kei Murakoshi doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.129 Raman spectroscopy reveals selection-rule breakdown in the transitions of an isolated single-walled carbon nanotube. The breakdown may be caused by metal dimers and the high field gradient in the radial direction of the tubes. See also: News and Views by Aikens et al. Towards isolated attosecond pulses at megahertz repetition rates   pp555 - 559 Manuel Krebs, Steffen Hädrich, Stefan Demmler, Jan Rothhardt, Amelle Zaïr, Luke Chipperfield, Jens Limpert & Andreas Tünnermann doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.131 A fibre-laser-pumped optical parametric amplifier for high-harmonic generation has been used to realize a megahertz-repetition-rate source of extreme-ultraviolet continua, with evidence of isolated attosecond pulses at 0.6 MHz. This technique could potentially enable a vast array of new applications, such as attosecond-resolution coincidence and photoelectron spectroscopy. Articles Top Phase-conjugated twin waves for communication beyond the Kerr nonlinearity limit   pp560 - 568 Xiang Liu, A. R. Chraplyvy, P. J. Winzer, R. W. Tkach and S. Chandrasekhar doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.109 The transmission of a pair of phase-conjugated beams is shown to mitigate nonlinear distortion during optical fibre communication, allowing a 400 Gbit s-1 superchannel to be sent over 12,800 km of optical fibre. See also: News and Views by Ip & Kahn Few-fJ/bit data transmissions using directly modulated lambda-scale embedded active region photonic-crystal lasers   pp569 - 575 Tomonari Sato, Akihiko Shinya, Kengo Nozaki, Wataru Kobayashi, Hideaki Taniyama, Masaya Notomi, Koichi Hasebe, Takaaki Kakitsuka & Shinji Matsuo doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.110 High-speed modulation and 4.4 fJ bit−1 data transmission is demonstrated using a photonic-crystal nanocavity laser. Its current threshold of 4.8 µA, modulation current efficiency of 2.0 GHz µA−0.5 and output power of 2.17 µW may enable on-chip photonic networks in combination with recently developed high-sensitivity receivers. See also: Interview with Shinji Matsuo Interview Top A big leap in energy-saving lasers   p576 Interview with Shinji Matsuo doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.173 A laser with a record low energy cost has now been demonstrated by using a laser cavity based on photonic crystals. Shinji Matsuo of NTT Photonics Laboratories in Japan talked to Nature Photonics about its significance. Top Advertisement Nature Materials: Focus on Organic Electronics  The establishment of high-tech products relying on organic semiconductors demonstrates the remarkable commercial maturity and competitiveness of these materials. This Focus issue explores the latest strategies to improve the processability and performance of conducting molecular systems and polymers, making them attractive for an ever-growing range of technological applications.     Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. 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