Free Webinar: Advances in the Characterization of Graphene
Please join us for a free webinar on graphene characterization, Wednesday March 27 available at two session times. This webinar will present an overview of recent work where Raman spectroscopy is playing vital role in realizing the development and full potential of graphene materials, spanning the range of applications from advanced composites, energy storage, transparent electrodes, and sensor technologies.
Full abstract and registration available at http://goo.gl/zbTwy
Here is your customized Phys.org Newsletter for March 21, 2013:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
- Observations of early universe hint at a giant excess of anti-neutrinos- Physicists use metamaterials to observe giant photonic spin hall effect
- Terradynamics: Technique could help designers predict how legged robots will move on granular surfaces (w/ video)
- Stem cells use signal orientation to guide division, study shows
- Team develops innovative twists to DNA nanotechnology
- Research ties megavolcanoes to pre-dinosaur mass extinction, says sudden climate shift could have analog today
- Planck's most detailed map ever reveals an almost perfect Universe
- MRI Fingerprinting: the 12-second scan and a whole lot more
- Bacteria with vuvuzelas: Microbes use a channel protein as a syringe for toxins
- Archerfish get an eye test (w/ video)
- Study reveals how serotonin receptors can shape drug effects from LSD to migraine medication
- New insight into biochemical methane production
- Research says 'evolutionary glitch' could be cause of childhood ear infections
- Even miniscule changes in environment can cause cytoskeleton of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum to oscillate
- Long-tailed tits help each other out
Space & Earth news
China coastal waters increasingly polluted
China's coastal waters are suffering "acute" pollution, with the size of the worst affected areas soaring by more than 50 percent last year, an official body said.
Algae to capture CO2
Global warming's effects can be seen worldwide, and many experts believe it's only going to get worse as CO2 emissions continue to rise. Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases. 72% of the totally emitted greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide (CO2), 18% Methane and 9% Nitrous oxide (NOx). Carbon dioxide emissions therefore are the most important cause of global warming. CO2 is inevitably created by burning fuels like e.g. oil, natural gas, diesel, organic-diesel, petrol, organic-petrol, ethanol. That's the bad news. The good news is that researchers have found that algae is not only a great source of alternative of natural bio energy but it also has the ability to capture CO2.
The ECOHAB experiment: A first step toward predicting harmful algal blooms
Killing wildlife and occasionally sickening people, harmful algal blooms can be more than just a nuisance. But predicting these blooms is difficult—even more difficult than predicting the weather—because blooms result from a dynamic interaction between both physical and biological processes. Human activities, such as agricultural runoff and sewage discharges into the ocean, may also play a role.
Searching for solar systems like our own: Hunt for exoplanets may someday reveal habitable, Earth-like worlds
The solar system's configuration is learned in grade school, and forever committed to memory with the help of foam balls, deconstructed coat hangers, and paint. It's a fairly straightforward arrangement: The sun revolves at the center as eight planets—along with dwarf planet Pluto—orbit within the same plane, and in the same direction as the sun's rotation.
Image: Soyuz TMA-06M spacecraft
The Soyuz TMA-06M spacecraft lies passively on its side March 16 after bringing home Expedition 34 Commander Kevin Ford of NASA, Soyuz Commander Oleg Novitskiy and Flight Engineer Evgeny Tarelkin to a landing northeast of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan following a one-day delay due to inclement weather in the area.
Berkeley Lab scientists read the cosmic writing on the wall
Thanks to a supersensitive space telescope and some sophisticated supercomputing, scientists from the international Planck collaboration have made the closest reading yet of the most ancient story in our universe: the cosmic microwave background (CMB).
EU puts airline carbon tax on hold for a year
The EU will put its controversial carbon tax on intercontinental airline flights on hold for a year to give time for international talks to reach a compromise on the issue, a European source said Thursday.
Study finds mounting mercury threat in Peru Amazon
A study of mercury contamination in a southeastern Peruvian jungle area ravaged by illegal gold mining found unsafe levels of the toxic metal in 78 percent of adults in the regional capital and in 60 percent of fish sold at markets.
Japan finds rich rare earth deposits on seabed
Japanese researchers said Thursday they have found a rich deposit of rare earths on the Pacific seabed, with reports suggesting it could be up to 30 times more concentrated than Chinese reserves.
NASA begins new season of Arctic ice science flights
(Phys.org) —NASA's Operation IceBridge scientists have begun another season of research activity over Arctic ice sheets and sea ice with the first of a series of science flights from Greenland completed on Wednesday.
US to restart plutonium production for deep space exploration
The end of NASA's plutonium shortage may be in sight. On Monday March 18th, NASA's planetary science division head Jim Green announced that production of Plutonium-238 (Pu-238) by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) is currently in the test phases leading up to a restart of full scale production.
Warm spring, continued drought predicted for US (Update)
Government forecasters say much of the United States can expect a warm spring and persistent drought.
A closer look at LDCM's first scene
Turning on new satellite instruments is like opening new eyes. This week, the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) released its first images of Earth, collected at 1:40 p.m. EDT on March 18. The first image shows the meeting of the Great Plains with the Front Ranges of the Rocky Mountains in Wyoming and Colorado. The natural-color image shows the green coniferous forest of the mountains coming down to the dormant brown plains. The cities of Cheyenne, Fort Collins, Loveland, Longmont, Boulder and Denver string out from north to south. Popcorn clouds dot the plains while more complete cloud cover obscures the mountains.
Sun in the way will affect Mars missions in April
(Phys.org) —The positions of the planets next month will mean diminished communications between Earth and NASA's spacecraft at Mars.
New research suggests tropical cyclones could develop on Saturn's largest moon Titan
(Phys.org) —Planetary scientist Tetsuya Tokano of Germany's University of Cologne has found that the right ingredients might exist on Titan, Saturn's largest moon, for the formation of tropical cyclones. In his paper published in the journal Icarus, Tokano says that if one the seas on Titan contains enough methane, then all the conditions could be present for the formation of the mini-hurricanes.
Global nitrogen availability consistent for past 500 years, linked to carbon levels
(Phys.org) —A Kansas State University research team has found that despite humans increasing nitrogen production through industrialization, nitrogen availability in many ecosystems has remained steady for the past 500 years. Their work appears in the journal Nature.
'Sideline quasars' helped to stifle early galaxy formation
University of Colorado Boulder astronomers targeting one of the brightest quasars glowing in the universe some 11 billion years ago say "sideline quasars" likely teamed up with it to heat abundant helium gas billions of years ago, preventing small galaxy formation.
Planck's most detailed map ever reveals an almost perfect Universe
(Phys.org) —Acquired by ESA's Planck space telescope, the most detailed map ever created of the cosmic microwave background – the relic radiation from the Big Bang – was released today revealing the existence of features that challenge the foundations of our current understanding of the Universe.
Research ties megavolcanoes to pre-dinosaur mass extinction, says sudden climate shift could have analog today
Scientists examining evidence across the world from New Jersey to North Africa say they have linked the abrupt disappearance of half of earth's species 200 million years ago to a precisely dated set of gigantic volcanic eruptions. The eruptions may have caused climate changes so sudden that many creatures were unable to adapt—possibly on a pace similar to that of human-influenced climate warming today. The extinction opened the way for dinosaurs to evolve and dominate the planet for the next 135 million years, before they, too, were wiped out in a later planetary cataclysm
Technology news
HP rebuffs attempt to oust 2 directors from board
(AP)—Hewlett-Packard Co. has barely rebuffed a shareholder rebellion aimed at ousting the two longest-serving directors from its board.
S. Korea tracks cyber attack to China, North still suspect
South Korea said Thursday it had sourced a damaging cyber attack on its broadcasters and banks to an IP address in China, fuelling suspicions that North Korea may have been responsible.
China Unicom 2012 profit jumps by two-thirds (Update)
China Unicom Ltd., the country's second biggest mobile phone company by subscribers, said Thursday that 2012 profit jumped by more than two-thirds as revenue from third-generation mobile services surged despite stiff competition.
Development of handy fuel cell system
Researchers at AIST, Japan, have developed a handy, portable fuel cell system. While the developed system employs microtubular solid oxide fuel cells (microtubular SOFCs), a nanostructure-controlled electrode has enabled the direct use of highly portable general-purpose hydrocarbon fuels, including liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The rapid start-up and portability of the system mean that it is expected to find application as a power source in emergency and disaster situations and for outdoor use.
Four-wavelength integrated silicon laser for inter-processor data transmission
Fujitsu Laboratories announced the development of a four-wavelength integrated silicon laser for optical transceivers that use silicon photonics, a step toward faster data communications between processors.
Simplified method to identify the presence of phthalate esters
Fujitsu Laboratories Limited has announced the development of a method that can identify the presence of phthalate esters, such as bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which are considered toxic in polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This new method can distinguish such phthalate esters with more than ten times the sensitivity of previous methods.
Concrete jewellery wins 'Red Dot Award'
The prestigious Red Dot Design Award has been awarded to Viennese jeweller Thomas Hauser, who uses special materials developed at TU Vienna in his pieces.
New network being built to support transfer of big data
After developing one of the most advanced research communications infrastructures on any university campus over the past decade, the University of California, San Diego, is taking another leap forward in the name of enabling data-intensive science.
French fashion firm develops suit that blocks electromagnetic waves
French fashion label Smuggler on Thursday said it had produced a suit that can block electromagnetic waves produced by mobile phones.
Microalgae could be a profitable source of biodiesel
Researchers at the UAB's Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA-UAB) and the Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), have analysed the potential of different species of microalgae for producing biodiesel, comparing their growth, production of biomass and the quantity of lipids per cell (essential for obtaining fuel).
Vatican's communications site runs Batman story
One of the Vatican's main Twitter accounts and the website of its communications office were running stories about Batman on Thursday with the headline "Holy Switcheroo!"—raising concerns they might have been hacked.
Researchers utilize atomic layer etch analysis to accelerate development of green chemistries
Researchers sponsored by Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) today announced development of a modeling process designed to simulate atomic-level etching with chemicals that are effective alternatives to widely used perfluorocarbon (PFC) gases. The novel approach under way at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) will identify and evaluate green plasma chemistries for processing emerging memory/logic devices and through-silicon-via (TSV)-enabled technologies for the semiconductor industry.
French Jewish students take legal action against Twitter
A Jewish student group has announced it was taking further legal action against Twitter over the global networking site's failure to respond to a French court order to hand over data to help identify the authors of anti-Semitic tweets.
Judge: Aggregator of AP news can't have free ride
A company that relays excerpts of Internet news articles to its customers violates copyright laws, a judge said Thursday in a decision that gave The Associated Press a victory in its attempts to protect its online news content.
YouTube passes billion user mark
More than a billion people use YouTube each month, it says, with viewing on smartphones helping drive growth.
Web revolution awaits Google chief in Myanmar
For years Myanmar's paranoid junta blocked websites such as Gmail and YouTube. However, when Google chairman Eric Schmidt visits this week, he will find a small but flourishing Internet community.
India a laggard in Internet revolution, Google chairman says
Google chairman Eric Schmidt has warned that India is lagging badly behind in harnessing the power of the Internet because of its failure to invest in high-speed telecom networks.
Regions could use food waste for fuel
Murdoch University researchers are touting biogas from small-scale food waste digesters as a source of renewable energy for rural and regional communities.
i.Dummy: New breakthrough in mannequin technology
At its first glance, the mannequin 'i.Dummy' developed by researchers of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) looks no different from an ordinary dummy but it is no plain stuff - this sophisticated mannequin can change its body shape and size or even elongate at the point of a fingertip on computer.
New congestion-minimization technology tested
Honda Motor conducted public-road testing of its new traffic congestion-minimization technology in Indonesia and verified the effectiveness of the technology in delaying the development of congestion, and improving fuel efficiency by more than 20 percent. The public-road testing in Indonesia was conducted from September 2012 through February 2013 on a toll road between Ulujami and Pondok Ranji (in Jakarta) which is operated by PT. Jalantol Lingkarluar Jakarta.
The future of exploration starts with 3-D printing
(Phys.org) —The latest in cutting-edge manufacturing is already making a significant impact in the future of space exploration.
Transportation department launches car safety app
The Transportation Department is launching a free app for iPhones and iPods that gives real-time vehicle safety information.
What makes SKorea cyberattacks so hard to trace?
The attacks that knocked South Korean banks offline this week appear to be the latest examples of international "cyberwar." But among the many ways that digital warfare differs from conventional combat: there's often no good way of knowing who's behind an attack.
BioSolar announces first sale of BioBacksheet—solar panel part made from cotton and beans
(Phys.org) —BioSolar Inc. maker of solar panel components has announced it has made its first sale of a new product it calls the BioBacksheet—an all natural material that can be used as a backsheet (cover) for solar panels.
Microsoft releases data on government requests (Update)
Microsoft said Thursday it received 75,378 law enforcement requests for data in 2012 in the tech giant's first report on the sensitive subject.
Medicine & Health news
People with mental illness make up large share of US smokers
(HealthDay)—Adults with a mental illness or a substance-abuse disorder represent about 25 percent of the U.S. population but account for nearly 40 percent of all cigarettes smoked in the country, according to a new study.
Nurses provide care comparable to that of doctors for resolving health problems of low complexity
A new study has found that Spanish nurses trained specifically to resolve acute health problems of low complexity provide care of comparable quality to that of general practitioners. Published early online in the Journal of Advanced Nursing, the findings suggest that nurses may be able to take on some of the care generally provided by physicians.
Study outlines risk factors for poor outcome, mortality following hip fracture
A new study, presented today at the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), identifies predictors of complications and mortality following a hip fracture, including dialysis, cardiac disease, diabetes, and a longer time before surgery – the only modifiable risk factor when patients are hospitalized.
Knee implants designed specifically for female patients may not improve outcomes
Anatomic differences between male and female knees have resulted in the creation and regular use of gender-specific implants. However, a new study presented today at the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) finds that a specialized prosthesis may not improve overall outcomes in female total knee replacement (TKR) patients.
Obesity alone may not affect knee replacement outcome or increase overall complication risk
Obesity alone may not diminish outcomes or increase the risk of complications in total knee replacement (TKR) patients, according to two research studies presented today at the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). However, TKR replacement patients may face significantly longer hospital stays and related costs.
98 percent of total knee replacement patients return to life, work following surgery
Ninety-eight percent of total knee replacement (TKR) patients who were working before surgery returned to work after surgery, and of those patients, 89 percent returned to their previous position, according to new research presented today at the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). Another related study highlights the life-restoring outcomes of total hip replacement (THR).
US pediatricians back gay marriage, cite research (Update)
(AP)—The most influential U.S. pediatrician's group says gays should be allowed to marry to help ensure the health and well-being of their children.
Human brain research made easier by database
Researchers will be able to access samples from more than 7,000 donated human brains to help study major brain diseases, thanks to a new on-line database, launched by the Medical Research Council (MRC) today.
Comparing to others may improve motivation for self-care
Comparing yourself to others who are either worse off or are not coping well may increase your motivation to take better care of yourself when facing an illness or disease, according to researchers at Penn State and Drexel University.
Tackling issues of sexuality among people with dementia
Managing the delicate issue of sexual expression amongst people with dementia is the focus of a new education resource produced by Griffith University researcher Dr Cindy Jones.
AstraZeneca to cut 2,300 jobs in business overhaul
(AP)—Struggling drug company AstraZeneca outlined a major restructuring of its business on Thursday, including some 2,300 job cuts worldwide as it overhauls its research operations.
Innovative neurology text includes patient videos
Practical Neurology Visual Review, a powerful educational tool for mastering the clinical practice of neurologic diagnosis, is now available in a fully revised and updated Second Editon.
Researcher study the dangerous effects of cocaine on HIV patients
Cocaine, already a damaging drug for those with healthy immune systems, can be lethal for those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Mudit Tyagi, Ph.D., assistant professor of medicine at the George Washington University (GW) School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS), has received two federally funded grants to study how dangerous this combination is in HIV patients.
Do disruptions in brain communication have a role in autism?
A new study of patterns of brain communication in toddlers with autism shows evidence of aberrant neural communication even at this relatively early stage of brain development. The results are presented in an article in Brain Connectivity.
European Guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
A new Guidance recently published by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis (ESCEO) and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) reflects the most current advances in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis, the 'silent disease' which affects up to one in two postmenopausal women.
Park amenities differ according to income of neighborhoods
Every community in America has its share of parks. However, park amenities in certain communities can be lacking, which can be detrimental to the health of potential patrons. Now, a University of Missouri researcher has found that while more parks exist in lower-income neighborhoods, they tend to be less attractive than parks in upper- and middle-class neighborhoods, which have more amenities and are more visually pleasing.
New ASTRO white paper recommends peer review to increase quality assurance and safety
The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has issued a new white paper, "Enhancing the role of case-oriented peer review to improve quality and safety in radiation oncology: Executive Summary," that recommends increased peer review within the radiation therapy treatment process and among members of the radiation oncology team in order to increase quality assurance and safety, according to the manuscript published as an article in press online in Practical Radiation Oncology (PRO), the official clinical practice journal of ASTRO. The executive summary and supplemental material are available online immediately as open-access articles (http://www.practicalradonc.org) and will be published in a 2013 print edition of PRO.
Education for kidney failure patients may improve chances living donor transplantation
Patients with kidney failure who have greater transplant knowledge and motivation are ultimately more likely to receive a kidney transplant from a living donor, according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (CJASN). The findings suggest that improving patient education may help reduce disparities in transplantation.
Healthy lifestyle linked with longer survival among kidney disease patients
Certain lifestyle factors—such as not smoking, getting regular physical activity, and avoiding a low body weight—may help prolong the lives of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (CJASN).
Poor kidney response to hormone may increase risks for kidney disease patients
The kidneys' response to a particular hormone may affect kidney disease patients' heart health and longevity, according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN). The findings may help doctors as they monitor and treat patients with kidney disease.
Brazil doctor group urges legalization of abortion
A group representing Brazilian doctors on Thursday urged federal lawmakers to change the country's restrictive abortion law to allow abortions during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
Woman's tea addiction led to loss of teeth, bone problems
(HealthDay)—Here's a cautionary tale about the value of moderation. A case study reported in the March 21 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine shows how habitually drinking an extreme form of highly concentrated tea over almost 20 years created a hard-to-diagnose case of severe bone damage in a 47-year-old woman.
Blacks more likely to get amputations due to blocked blood flow, study finds
(HealthDay)—Race appears to play a role in determining what kind of treatment is offered to patients grappling with severely restricted blood flow to their feet, new research suggests.
Ethics of peds countermeasure research discussed
(HealthDay)—Pediatric research on medical countermeasures should present no more than minimal risk to participants, and should follow a specific framework if there is a minor increase over minimal risk, according to a perspective piece published online March 19 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Docs decide on duration of antibiotics in long-term care
(HealthDay)—Prescriber preference rather than patient characteristics influences the duration of antibiotic courses in long-term care residents, according to research published online March 18 in JAMA Internal Medicine.
Chlorthalidone no better than hydrochlorothiazide for HTN
(HealthDay)—For older adults with hypertension, chlorthalidone is not associated with fewer adverse cardiovascular events or death, but correlates with increased hypokalemia compared with hydrochlorothiazide, according to a study published in the March 19 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
Prevalence of parent-reported autism up in school children
(HealthDay)—The prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in school-aged children appears to have increased, but that may be due to new diagnoses in children whose ASD had previously gone unrecognized, according to research published in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's March 20 National Health Statistics Reports.
'Cruise ship virus' also sickens one million US kids yearly
(HealthDay)—Norovirus, the infamous stomach bug that's sickened countless cruise ship passengers, also wreaks havoc on land.
Genes may be reason some kids are picky about food
Parents may plead, cajole or entice their children to try new foods, but some kids just won't budge. Now, new research from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill reveals that the reason these kids fear new foods has less to do with what's on their plate and more to do with their genes.
Optimal ESR and CRP cut-off values based on new criteria for periprosthetic joint infection
Infections, as the news has shown time and again, can be deadly. Periprothesthetic joint infection (PJI) is the infection of grave concern to the orthopedic community, especially in its growingly common antibiotic-resistant form. This all-too-common infection can be found deep inside the joint prosthesis following joint replacement surgery.
Platelet-rich plasma significantly improves outcomes in patients with tennis elbow
Platelet rich plasma (PRP) therapy has been used to manage pain associated with torn tendons, muscles and ligaments, mostly in athletes, at all levels. Though it has anecdotally been successful, the evidence to support its efficaciousness is weak. Researchers at the Rothman Institute at Jefferson participated in a multi-center randomized prospective study to evaluate the clinical value of PRP versus an active control group to determine its effectiveness in managing the pain and tenderness associated with tennis elbow.
Docking technique to repair torn elbow ligament yields favorable results in teen baseball players
A study at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) found that a surgical procedure known as the "docking technique" to repair a torn elbow ligament in teenage athletes yielded favorable results. The outcomes were better than those in previously published reports on reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), also known as Tommy John surgery, in this age group and may be attributed to technique-specific factors, according to the study authors.
Researchers study use of dasatinib for patients with high-risk MDS
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have completed a phase II clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of dasatinib for patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, or acute myeloid leukemia resulting from MDS and have failed treatment with azanucleosides. The therapy may not be effective for all patients, but those with trisomy 8 chromosomal disorder have higher rates of stable disease and respond better to treatment with dasatinib, the study shows.
Experts sound global alert over deadly bat virus
Experts on infectious diseases Thursday warned people to stay away from bats worldwide after the recent death of an eight-year-old boy bitten in Australia.
The other fluoride: For millions with dry mouth, this cousin keeps decay at bay
Just 40 years ago, more than half of American kids had at least one untreated cavity. That statistic now stands at less than 25 percent, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Most kids today can expect to keep their teeth well into their retirement years.
'Do no harm': Patient-centered end-of-life care means happier patients who live longer
(Medical Xpress)—New doctors take an oath to do no harm, but many physicians, in their zeal to prolong people's lives, often end up exposing patients to aggressive treatments that don't improve outcomes and that drive up health care costs.
Results of trial to determine how to prevent future strokes encouraging
(Medical Xpress)—The results of a major, multicenter clinical trial to determine the best treatment for younger patients who have strokes that are potentially due to a hole in the upper chambers of the heart has provided suggestive but not definitive evidence of the benefit of a new heart hole–closure device.
Errors are reducing the effectiveness of anti-D injections in pregnant women
Too many clinical errors are occurring with the requesting and administration of anti-D prophylaxis to prevent Rhesus Haemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (Rh HDFN) in pregnant women, according to a Manchester academic.
Fight back against MRSA to be started with a sniff
An innovative anti-bacterial spray that will kill MRSA is being developed by Norwich Research Park scientists thanks to funding from the University of East Anglia.
Better cartilage repairs using stem cells
Using adult stem cells is a good way of culturing better-quality cartilage to repair worn hips and knees. New cartilage that has good properties can be grown in particular by cultivating adult stem cells in combination with a small quantity of cells from the patient's own cartilage. In the long run this increases the likelihood of a cartilage implant being successful, provided it is carried out in time. These are the findings put forward by PhD student Nicole Georgi, who did her research at the University of Twente's MIRA Institute for Biomechanical Technology and Technical Medicine. She is to receive her PhD on March 22.
Studying brain-cooling for birth asphyxia
In high income countries brain cooling is standard treatment for neonatal encephalopathy - unexpected, devastating brain injury due to low oxygen and blood in the baby's brain at birth. This therapy reduces mortality and disability.
Differences in bone healing in mice may hold answers to bone healing for seniors
(Medical Xpress)—By studying the underlying differences in gene expression during healing after a bone break in young versus aged mice, Jaimo Ahn, MD, PhD, assistant professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and his colleagues aim to find specific pathways of fracture healing in humans. The team of researchers will present their findings in a poster presentation beginning Tuesday, March 19, 2013 at the 2013 American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons annual meeting in Chicago.
Fralin entomologists map out the genetics behind a deadly disease
(Medical Xpress)—Stopping the spread of dengue infection— a potentially fatal tropical disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito— could be one of the biggest challenges of our time. About half of the human population is at risk for this disease, and threat levels are on the rise in the United States due to increased international travel and an ideal climate for mosquitoes in humid, hot areas such as Florida.
Study finds good marriages more likely for teens of happy homes
A UT Dallas study has found that people who come from families with members who are encouraging and engaged with one another tend to have marriages with more positive outcomes later in life.
Researchers develop prototype chikungunya vaccine
Wageningen University in the Netherlands has developed a prototype vaccine against chikungunya in a joint effort with the Erasmus Medical Centre and TI Pharma. This prototype may hopefully lead to the first working vaccine against chikungunya, a geographically strongly expanding viral disease.
Robot-delivered speech and physical therapy
(Medical Xpress)—In one of the earliest experiments using a humanoid robot to deliver speech and physical therapy to a stroke patient, researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst saw notable speech and physical therapy gains and significant improvement in quality of life.
Do chores together for better relationship
(Medical Xpress)—You may have heard of couples that strive for exact equality when it comes to chores, i.e. I scrub a dish, you scrub a dish, I change a diaper, you change a diaper.
Targeted therapies can help alleviate back pain, study finds
Changing the way people think and move can have a huge impact on their experience of unexplained lower back pain, a study has found.
Research shows genetic evidence that new therapies targeting Parkinson's disease may cause harm
(Medical Xpress)—NorthShore University HealthSystem (NorthShore) and Mayo Clinic researchers have partnered on a study that shows genetic and clinical evidence that therapies targeting the expression of alpha-synuclein—a gene whose function is involved in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease—may accelerate disease progression and increase the risk of physical incapacitation and dementia. If replicated, the findings will have profound implications for therapies under development for Parkinson's disease.
Dysfunction in cerebellar Calcium channel causes motor disorders and epilepsy
A dysfunction of a certain Calcium channel, the so called P/Q-type channel, in neurons of the cerebellum is sufficient to cause different motor diseases as well as a special type of epilepsy. This is reported by the research team of Dr. Melanie Mark and Prof. Dr. Stefan Herlitze from the Ruhr-Universität Bochum. They investigated mice that lacked the ion channel of the P/Q-type in the modulatory input neurons of the cerebellum.
ACMG releases report on incidental findings in clinical exome and genome sequencing
The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) released the widely-anticipated "ACMG Recommendations for Reporting of Incidental Findings in Clinical Exome and Genome Sequencing" report at its 2013 Annual Clinical Genetics Meeting today in Phoenix. The ACMG Annual Clinical Genetics Meeting is one of the largest gatherings of medical and health professionals in genetics in the world.
Exploring the link between traumatic brain injury and people who are homeless
Homeless people and their health care providers need to know more about traumatic brain injuries to help prevent and treat such injuries, a new study has found.
Men may have natural aversion to adultery with friends' wives
After outgrowing teenage infatuations with the girl next door, adult males seem to be biologically designed to avoid amorous attractions to the wife next door, according to a University of Missouri study that found adult males' testosterone levels dropped when they were interacting with the marital partner of a close friend. Understanding the biological mechanisms that keep men from constantly competing for each others' wives may shed light on how people manage to cooperate on the levels of neighborhoods, cities and even globally.
Misregulated genes may have big autism role
A new study finds that two genes individually associated with rare autism-related disorders are also jointly linked to more general forms of autism. The finding suggests a new genetic pathway to investigate in general autism research.
Functional characteristics of antitumor T cells change w increasing time after therapeutic transfer
Scientists have characterized how the functionality of genetically engineered T cells administered therapeutically to patients with melanoma changed over time. The data, which are published in Cancer Discovery, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, highlight the need for new strategies to sustain antitumor T cell functionality to increase the effectiveness of this immunotherapeutic approach.
Adults worldwide eat almost double daily AHA recommended amount of sodium
Seventy-five percent of the world's population consumes nearly twice the daily recommended amount of sodium (salt), according to research presented at the American Heart Association's Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention 2013 Scientific Sessions.
What you eat before surgery may affect your recovery
According to a new study, the last few meals before surgery might make a difference in recovery after surgery. Fat tissue is one of the most dominant components that make up the body, and fat tissue is always traumatized during major surgery.
Can we treat a 'new' coronary heart disease risk factor?
Depressive symptoms after heart disease are associated with a markedly increased risk of death or another heart attack. However, less has been known about whether treating heart attack survivors for depressive symptoms could relieve these symptoms, be cost-effective, and ultimately, reduce medical risk? Columbia University Medical Center's Karina W. Davidson, PhD and her research team now report a patient-centered approach that answers these questions in the affirmative.
Researchers tackle physician challenge of correctly ordering laboratory tests
A new study involving researchers from the Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) has identified barriers that clinicians face in correctly ordering appropriate laboratory tests and highlights some solutions that may simplify this process and improve patient outcomes. The study, published in the March 2013 issue of the Journal of General Internal Medicine, was led by Elissa Passiment, EdM, of the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science and James L. Meisel, MD, associate professor of medicine at BUSM.
Genetics, age and ethnicity are risk factors in PCa, say experts
"Are there genetic risk factors for PCa? Yes, and BRCA2 and HOXB13 are useful for predicting high-risk disease," said Jack Cuzick (GB) president of the International Society for Cancer Prevention (ISCaP), referring to the two genes implicated in high-risk prostate disease. Cuzick gave a report on the Consensus Statement for Prostate Cancer Prevention at the closing plenary session of the 28 Annual EAU Congress held in Milan, Italy from March 15 to 19.
Reward linked to image is enough to activate brain's visual cortex
Once rhesus monkeys learn to associate a picture with a reward, the reward by itself becomes enough to alter the activity in the monkeys' visual cortex. This finding was made by neurophysiologists Wim Vanduffel and John Arsenault (KU Leuven and Harvard Medical School) and American colleagues using functional brain scans and was published recently in the leading journal Neuron.
Study sounds warning on drinking and skiing
One in five people ski having consumed alcohol, and 29 percent of these hurtle down the piste over the legal limit for driving, an Austrian survey showed Thursday.
Intensive glycemic control linked to highest weight gains
(HealthDay)—Weight gain is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who receive more intensive glycemic control treatment and is associated with a reduction of A1C from baseline, according to research published online Feb. 14 in Diabetes Care.
Japanese researchers identify a protein linked to the exacerbation of COPD
Researchers from the RIKEN Advanced Science Institute and Nippon Medical School in Japan have identified a protein likely to be involved in the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This protein, Siglec-14, could serve as a potential new target for the treatment of COPD exacerbation.
Cancer drug shortages mean higher costs and greater risk for patients
A national survey of health professionals showed that drug shortages are taking a heavy toll on cancer patients, forcing treatment changes and delays that for some patients meant worse outcomes, more therapy-related complications and higher costs. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital investigators played an important role in the study.
Scientists identify gene that is consistently altered in obese individuals
Food and environment can chemically alter your gene function and scientists have identified a gene that is consistently altered in obesity.
Genetic risk strategies needed for young, black, female breast cancer patients, study shows
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center and colleagues in Canada have published study results focused on black women younger than 50, a population disproportionately afflicted with and dying from early-onset breast cancer compared to their white counterparts. The research published in the Jan. 16 issue of The Breast Journal.
Harnessing immune cells' adaptability to design an effective HIV vaccine
In infected individuals, HIV mutates rapidly to escape recognition by immune cells. This process of continuous evolution is the main obstacle to natural immunity and the development of an effective vaccine. A new study published by Cell Press in the March 21 issue of the journal Immunity reveals that the immune system has the capacity to adapt such that it can recognize mutations in HIV. The findings suggest that our immune cells' adaptability could be harnessed to help in the fight against AIDS.
Study underlines potential of new technology to diagnose disease
Researchers at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) in Jupiter, FL, have developed cutting-edge technology that can successfully screen human blood for disease markers. This tool may hold the key to better diagnosing and understanding today's most pressing and puzzling health conditions, including autoimmune diseases.
Tuberculosis in US hits record low
Cases of tuberculosis reached an all-time low in the United States last year, but the disease continued to affect minorities at much higher rates than whites, health authorities said Thursday.
Updated guide to help policy makers, providers fight cardiovascular disease
The American Heart Association has released new recommendations for policy makers and public health providers to combat heart disease and stroke on a local level.
Atrophy of the thalamus is an important predictor of clinically definite MS, study shows
A growing body of research by multiple sclerosis (MS) investigators at the University at Buffalo and international partners is providing powerful new evidence that the brain's gray matter reflects important changes in the disease that could allow clinicians to diagnose earlier and to better monitor and predict how the disease will progress.
Did evolution give us inflammatory disease?
In new research published on March 21, 2013 in the online issue of The American Journal of Human Genetics, researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) demonstrate that some variants in our genes that contribute to a person's risk for inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease or rheumatoid arthritis, have been the target of natural selection over the course of human history.
ERCC1 not effective for guiding therapeutic decisions
(HealthDay)—Currently available antibodies for the excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) protein are not adequate for therapeutic decision-making regarding the potential efficacy of cisplatin-containing treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, according to a study published the March 21 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
Hypospadias not related to organic diet during pregnancy
(HealthDay)—Although no obvious relationship between organic diet during pregnancy and hypospadias has been found, frequent consumption of non-organic high-fat dairy products during pregnancy might be associated with increased odds of hypospadias, according to research published in the March issue of Urology.
Annual BP checks may improve hypertension identification
(HealthDay)—For previously normotensive adults, an annual office-based hypertension screening strategy is associated with improved specificity while maintaining sensitivity, according to a study published in the March/April issue of Annals of Family Medicine.
Dotarem approved for nervous system MRIs
(HealthDay)—Dotarem (gadoterate meglumine) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a contrast agent for use in MRIs of the brain, spine and other parts of the central nervous system.
Millions on verge of diabetes don't know it, CDC reports
(HealthDay)—Only 11 percent of the estimated 79 million Americans who are at risk for diabetes know they are at risk, federal health officials reported Thursday.
Study examines impact of minimally invasive surgery
(HealthDay)—For specific types of surgery, minimally invasive procedures correlate with significantly lower health plan spending and fewer days of absence from work, compared with standard surgery, according to a study published online March 20 in JAMA Surgery.
They're cute, but chicks carry salmonella dangers
(HealthDay)—Just in time for Easter, health officials are issuing another cautionary tale about the dangers of salmonella infection from chicks and ducklings.
New method developed to expand blood stem cells for bone marrow transplant
More than 50,000 stem cell transplants are performed each year worldwide. A research team led by Weill Cornell Medical College investigators may have solved a major issue of expanding adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) outside the human body for clinical use in bone marrow transplantation—a critical step towards producing a large supply of blood stem cells needed to restore a healthy blood system.
Pain reliever naproxen shows anti-viral activity against flu
The over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drug naproxen may also exhibit antiviral activity against influenza A virus, according to a team of French scientists. The finding, the result of a structure-based investigation, is published online ahead of print in the journal Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.
Study offers new way to discover HIV vaccine targets
Decades of research and three large-scale clinical trials have so far failed to yield an effective HIV vaccine, in large part because the virus evolves so rapidly that it can evade any vaccine-induced immune response.
Scientists create new tools for battling secondhand smoke
Dartmouth researchers have taken an important step in the ongoing battle against secondhand tobacco smoke. They have pioneered the development of a breakthrough device that can immediately detect the presence of secondhand smoke and even third-hand smoke.
Most pre-packaged meals, snacks for toddlers contain too much salt
Nearly 75 percent of commercial pre-packaged meals and savory snacks for toddlers are high in sodium, according to research presented at the American Heart Association's Epidemiology and Prevention/Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism 2013 Scientific Sessions.
Eating too much salt led to 2.3 million heart-related deaths worldwide in 2010
Eating too much salt contributed to 2.3 million deaths from heart attacks, strokes and other heart-related diseases throughout the world in 2010, representing 15 percent of all deaths due to these causes, according to research presented at the American Heart Association's Epidemiology and Prevention/Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism 2013 Scientific Sessions.
Energy drinks may increase blood pressure, disturb heart rhythm
Energy drinks may increase blood pressure and disturb your heart's natural rhythm, according to research presented at the American Heart Association's Epidemiology and Prevention/Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism 2013 Scientific Sessions.
People with serious mental illnesses can lose weight, study shows
People with serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression can lose weight and keep it off through a modified lifestyle intervention program, a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded study reported online today in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Low-cost 'cooling cure' would avert brain damage in oxygen-starved babies
When babies are deprived of oxygen before birth, brain damage and disorders such as cerebral palsy can occur. Extended cooling can prevent brain injuries, but this treatment is not always available in developing nations where advanced medical care is scarce. To address this need, Johns Hopkins undergraduates have devised a low-tech $40 unit to provide protective cooling in the absence of modern hospital equipment that can cost $12,000.
Banning food ads targeted at kids
Researchers from the University of Alberta are leading a charge among Canada's obesity experts and calling on the federal government to ban food and beverage ads that target children.
Acting out dreams linked to development of dementia, study finds
The strongest predictor of whether a man is developing dementia with Lewy bodies—the second most common form of dementia in the elderly—is whether he acts out his dreams while sleeping, Mayo Clinic researchers have discovered. Patients are five times more likely to have dementia with Lewy bodies if they experience a condition known as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder than if they have one of the risk factors now used to make a diagnosis, such as fluctuating cognition or hallucinations, the study found.
Quitting marshmallow test can be a rational decision
(Medical Xpress)—A psychological experiment known as "the marshmallow test" has captured the public's imagination as a marker of self control and even as a predictor of future success. This test shows how well children can delay gratification, a trait that has been shown to be as important to scholastic performance as traditional IQ.
The neuroscience of finding your lost keys: How the brain keeps track of similar but distinct memories
Ever find yourself racking your brain on a Monday morning to remember where you put your car keys? When you do find those keys, you can thank the hippocampus, a brain region responsible for storing and retrieving memories of different environments-such as that room where your keys were hiding in an unusual spot.
Do I know you? Memory patterns help us recall the social webs we weave, study finds
With a dizzying number of ties in our social networks – that your Aunt Alice is a neighbor of Muhammad who is married to Natasha who is your wife's boss – it's a wonder we remember any of it. How do we keep track of the complexity? We cheat, says a Cornell University sociologist in Scientific Reports (March 21).
Findings to help in design of drugs against virus causing childhood illnesses
New research findings may help scientists design drugs to treat a virus infection that causes potentially fatal brain swelling and paralysis in children.
Study reveals how serotonin receptors can shape drug effects from LSD to migraine medication
A team including scientists from The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has determined and analyzed the high-resolution atomic structures of two kinds of human serotonin receptor. The new findings help explain why some drugs that interact with these receptors have had unexpectedly complex and sometimes harmful effects.
Research says 'evolutionary glitch' could be cause of childhood ear infections
Researchers at King's College London have uncovered how the human ear is formed, giving clues as to why children are susceptible to infections such as glue ear. The work was funded by the UK Medical Research Council and published today in the journal Science.
Discovery could increase efficacy of promising cystic fibrosis drug
(Medical Xpress)—A little more than a year after the FDA approved Kalydeco (Vx-770), the first drug of its kind to treat the underlying cause of cystic fibrosis, University of Missouri researchers believe they have found exactly how this drug works and how to improve its effectiveness in the future. Described in the current issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, MU researchers have redefined a key regulatory process in the defective protein responsible for cystic fibrosis that could change the way scientists approach the lethal genetic disease.
MRI Fingerprinting: the 12-second scan and a whole lot more
(Medical Xpress)—Getting an MRI can be an uncomfortable experience, particularly for a 40-minute or longer scan. In the US at least, it is also quite expensive—the same kind of scan costing just over $100 in France, for example, would undoubtedly cost over $1000 here. If the whole scan could be done in say, 12 seconds, the call to "make the patient the customer again" might be heard a little clearer. A new technique developed by a collaborative effort at Case Western University and Siemens, known as MRI Fingerprinting (MRF), promises to do just that. The team's findings are described in the recent issue of the journal Nature.
Biology news
Research with Sri Lankan fish farmers brings best practices home
A project supported by the Canadian International Food Security Research Fund (CIFSRF) is helping smallholder shrimp farmers in Sri Lanka adapt their industry's best management practices to local needs. This could lead to fewer disease outbreaks, bigger and more profitable shrimp, and fewer negative environmental impacts.
New research reveals giant squid exist as a single species
New research published today in Proceedings of the Royal Society B reveals that the giant squid exists as a single species, containing almost no genetic variation – an observation unique among studied marine organisms.
Volunteering slashes conservation costs
The contribution of volunteer labour is worth, on average, 36 per cent of the total cost of managing Yorkshire Wildlife Trust's protected sites.
The quoll's last stand
(Phys.org) —Undeniably charismatic, the Northern Quoll's big black eyes and impossibly long whiskers belie the face of a feisty, nocturnal predator that has – as conservation biologist Dr Jonathan Webb discovered – very sharp teeth.
Can Geckos get going?
(Phys.org) —New research from Macquarie University suggests that arid zone reptiles could struggle to find suitable homes as a result of human induced climate change.
Why red algae never colonized dry land
The first red alga genome has just been sequenced by an international team coordinated by CNRS and UPMC at the Station Biologique de Roscoff (Brittany), notably involving researchers from CEA-Genoscope, the universities of Lille 1 and Rennes 1 and the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. The genome of Chondrus crispus, also known by the Breton name 'pioka', turns out to be small and compact for a multicellular organism. It has fewer genes than several other species of unicellular algae, which raises a number of questions about the evolution of red algae. This low number of genes could explain why these organisms never colonized dry land, unlike their green counterparts-from which all terrestrial plants are descended. These findings open up new perspectives on the natural history of algae and of terrestrial plants. They are published online in the journal PNAS on March 11, 2013.
Genetic analysis calls for the protection of two highly endangered Portuguese fish species
The two endangered fish species, Squalius aradensis and S. torgalensis, most generally belong to the Cyprinidae, or the carp family. This is the largest fish, and vertebrate family, formed of freshwater fish with a diversity of more than 2,400 species. The family also has an important economic value as a food source. More specifically, the two species studied are members of the subfamily Leuciscinae, formed of small freshwater fish commonly known as minnows. A new genetic study of the two endangered fish was recently published in the open access journal Comparative Cytogenetics.
Novel insights into the evolution of protein networks
System-wide networks of proteins are indispensable for organisms. Function and evolution of these networks are among the most fascinating research questions in biology. Bioinformatician Thomas Rattei, University of Vienna, and physicist Hernan Makse, City University New York (CUNY), have reconstructed ancestral protein networks. The results are of high interest not only for evolutionary research but also for the interpretation of genome sequence data. Recently, the researchers published their paper in the renowned journal PLOS ONE.
Understanding the continuous corn yield penalty
As escalating corn prices have encouraged many farmers to switch to growing corn continuously, they wonder why they have been seeing unusually high yield reductions over the past several years. The University of Illinois conducted a six-year study that identified three key factors affecting yield in continuous corn (CC) systems.
Millions of stranded prawns blanket south Chile coast
Millions of small prawns became stranded on a beach in southern Chile this week, carpeting a three-kilometer (two-mile) strand in red, local fishermen and police said.
A viral grappling hook: Flu virus attacks like a pirate boarding party
(Phys.org) —Viruses are biological pirates, invading cells and hijacking their machinery to reproduce and infect again. Research at Harvard Medical School is shedding new light on the battle line where viral and cell membranes meet, and the key role of a protein grappling hook with which the influenza virus commandeers its prize—your cells.
Long-tailed tits help each other out
Long-tailed tits which lose their eggs or young may help to feed neighbours' chicks, researchers have found. But the degree to which they'll co-operate varies from year to year.
Even miniscule changes in environment can cause cytoskeleton of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum to oscillate
(Phys.org) —The amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is the "favourite animal" for many biologists and some physicists: the unicellular organism, which usually lives in the soil, serves as a model for a very wide range of cells, which are able to change their shape or move as soon as they sense changes in the chemical concentrations of their surroundings. Examples of such cells include cancer cells, embryonic stem cells at a very early stage in their development, and cells involved in wound healing. Scientists are now fascinated by a formerly unknown characteristic of this amoeba: it oscillates internally at a 20-second interval. Within this period, the cytoskeleton, which gives the cell its internal stability, can reorganise itself.
Chimpanzees eat smart when it comes to mealtime
Chimpanzees watch what they eat and when, which may show that these primates are giving some thought to the quality of their food, according to Purdue University research.
Bacteria with vuvuzelas: Microbes use a channel protein as a syringe for toxins
The bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens is a constant companion of some roundworms. These worms assault insect larvae, thereby infecting them with the bacteria; the pathogens then attack the cells of their victims with a deadly cocktail of various toxins. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology in Dortmund working together with colleagues from Freiburg University and Jacobs University Bremen, have discovered that the bacteria use an important toxin complex like a syringe. It makes its way into the host cells via constricted vesicles in the cell membranes, and modifies their structure from within. Part of the toxin complex then forces its way inside the cell through the vesicle membrane by means of a vuvuzela-like protein channel, and kills the cell.
New species of crocodile newt identified in Vietnam
(Phys.org) —A new species of crocodile newt has been identified by a team of Japanese researchers—based on study of a specimen held at Japan's National Museum of Nature and Science in Tokyo and field study in Vietnam. The original specimen, the team writes in their article describing the find in the journal Current Herpetology, was found in the mountainous northern provinces of Vietnam's Ha Giang and Cao Bang.
Archerfish get an eye test (w/ video)
(Phys.org) —A modified version of an eye test used to assess visual acuity in the military has been given to archerfish by scientists to help explain how these remarkable fish are able to accurately spit down tiny insects high above the water's surface.
Researchers alter mosquito genome in step toward controlling disease
Virginia Tech researchers successfully used a gene disruption technique to change the eye color of a mosquito—a critical step toward new genetic strategies aimed at disrupting the transmission of diseases such as dengue fever.
Stem cells use signal orientation to guide division, study shows
Cells in the body need to be acutely aware of their surroundings. A signal from one direction may cause a cell to react in a very different way than if it had come from another direction. Unfortunately for researchers, such vital directional cues are lost when cells are removed from their natural environment to grow in an artificial broth of nutrients and growth factors.
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