Nature Reviews Microbiology contents April 2013 Volume 11 Number 4 pp 219-293

TABLE OF CONTENTS
April 2013 Volume 11 Number 4
Impact Factor 21.182 *	In this issue Editorial Research Highlights News and Analysis Reviews Perspectives Also this month  Featured article: The gut microbiota — masters of host development and physiology Felix Sommer & Fredrik Bäckhed
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EDITORIAL		Top
Community engagement p219 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3006 Crowdsourcing efforts, such as those involved in the Escherichia coli O104 outbreak and, most recently, ash dieback disease, reflect a new era of community engagement in genomic analyses. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Microbial physiology: Optimal codons break the clock's rhythm p221 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2996 Two studies reveal that optimizing codon usage in bacterial and fungal circadian clock proteins is maladaptive, indicating that non-optimal codons are essential for circadian gene regulation. PDF Bacterial virulence: HopU1 puts a stop to immune signalling p222 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2993 Pseudomonas syringae HopU1 interferes with binding of GRP7 to the transcripts of the PRRs FLS2 and EFR. PDF Bacterial toxins: Exposing the exporter p222 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2995 The discovery of an essential ATP-binding-cassette transporter that is used for the secretion of an entire family of Staphylococcus aureus cytolytic toxins. PDF IN THE NEWS Novel coronavirus spreads p222 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2998 PDF Techniques and applications: Change of address for adenoviruses p224 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3002 A new trimeric DARPin adapter allows specific targeting of adenoviral vectors to tumour cells. PDF Bacterial physiology: Ready, aim, fire! p224 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3004 Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses the T6SS to specifically target aggressors that attack first, but leaves 'peaceful' neighbouring cells intact. PDF Bacterial physiology: A competent shut-down p224 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro3005 A new paper now reveals the first details on how the Streptococcus pneumoniae competence system is switched off. PDF Fungal genetics: Candida gets a better half p225 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2991 A new study challenges the obligate diploid status of Candida albicans and promises new tools for genetic analyses. PDF IN BRIEF Bacterial pathogenesis: There is no I in team | Microbiome: Diet and oral microbiota go hand in hand | Antimicrobials: Protective effect for Cpx PDF Microbiology JOBS of the week Graduate Student / Assistant Louisiana State University (LSU) 16 PhD Fellowships in Life and Natural Sciences International Max Planck Research School – Molecular Biomedicine (IMPRS-MBM) and the Cells in Motion Excellence Cluster (CiM) Postdoc Clinical Virology Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Associate or Full Professor Indiana Univeristy School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology More Science jobs from Microbiology EVENT Molecular Approaches to Clinical Microbiology in Africa 05.25.13 Malawi More science events from
NEWS AND ANALYSIS		Top
GENOME WATCH A CRISPR view of genome sequences Amy K. Cain & Christine J. Boinett p226 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2997 This month's Genome Watch explores recent applications of the CRISPR immune system for bacterial phylogenetic analysis and genome editing. PDF
REVIEWS		Top
The gut microbiota — masters of host development and physiology Felix Sommer & Fredrik Bäckhed p227 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2974 The gut microbiota, traditionally studied in the context of disease, has emerged as a key regulator during normal homeostasis. Here, Sommer and Bäckhed discuss how the gut microbiota promotes the development and homeostasis of the immune system and orchestrates several aspects of human physiology, including tissue morphogenesis, metabolism and even behaviour. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Regulation of human papillomavirus gene expression by splicing and polyadenylation Cecilia Johansson & Stefan Schwartz p239 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2984 The ability of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) to cause disease is strongly dependent on the strict coordination of viral gene expression with the differentiation state of the infected cell. Here, Johansson and Schwartz summarize the role of splicing and polyadenylation in the regulation of HPV gene expression and discuss the viral and cellular factors that control these processes. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Speak, friend, and enter: signalling systems that promote beneficial symbiotic associations in plants Giles E. D. Oldroyd p252 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2990 Many plants engage in symbiotic associations with microorganisms, in which the interactions are beneficial to both partners. Two of the best studied partnerships are rhizobial and mycorrhizal colonization. Giles Oldroyd highlights the commonalities in the symbiosis signalling pathways involved in these associations and how, despite these commonalities, sufficient specificity is maintained to ensure appropriate responses to each symbiont. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
A cornucopia of human polyomaviruses James A. DeCaprio & Robert L. Garcea p264 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2992 In recent years, nine new human polyomaviruses have been discovered, including Merkel cell polyomavirus, which has been linked to Merkel cell carcinoma, a lethal skin cell cancer. DeCaprio and Garcea compare and contrast these new human viruses and discuss how they might interact with their human host. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
PERSPECTIVES		Top
OPINION 'Blooming' in the gut: how dysbiosis might contribute to pathogen evolution Bärbel Stecher, Lisa Maier & Wolf-Dietrich Hardt p277 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2989 Perturbations in the gut microbiota can lead to a state of dysbiosis, which may involve 'blooming' of potentially harmful bacteria. Here, Hardt and colleagues propose that such bacteria blooms promote horizontal gene transfer between members of the gut ecosystem, thereby facilitating pathogen evolution. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
OPINION Competition sensing: the social side of bacterial stress responses Daniel M. Cornforth & Kevin R. Foster p285 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2977 In this Opinon article, Cornforth and Foster argue that several of the major bacterial stress responses detect ecological competition directly through competition sensing, a physiological response that detects harm caused by other cells and that evolved, at least in part, for that purpose. In support of this argument, they show that bacteriocins and antibiotics are frequently upregulated by stress responses to nutrient limitation and cell damage but not by responses to abiotic stress. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
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