Nature contents: 14 March 2013

Can't view this email? Click here to view in your browser.     Volume 495 Number 7440      nature •Visit Nature homepage •Subscribe to Nature •View Table of Contents The science that matters. Every week.                       Check out Hamamatsu's new cameras for microscopy. The new ImagEM X2, a completely redesigned and faster EM-CCD camera, delivers 70 fps imaging, very high signal-to-noise values, and extremely low dark current. The new and improved ORCA-Flash4.0 V2 sCMOS camera has many new features such as two scan speeds, a readout mode for light sheet microscopy, and two interfaces (USB 3.0 and Camera Link).             Jump to the content that matters to you View Table of Contents ▶ ▼ News & Comment   ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Careers & Jobs       This week's highlights     Specials - Outlook: Gold     Prized since antiquity for its beauty and stability, gold is becoming a darling of the nanotechnology age. Gold nanoparticles can help pinpoint a tumour — and then carry drugs to it. It also holds promise for making extremely efficient solar cells, among other photonic applications. Nature Outlook: Gold reports on what's driving the twenty-first-century gold rush. ▼ more       Physical Sciences More Physical sciences ▼   Magnetic resonance fingerprinting   Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful analytical tool but usually only a fraction of its potential power is harnessed. A new approach, called magnetic resonance fingerprinting, aims to greatly enhance the amount of quantitative information that can be obtained in one NMR measurement. It uses a pattern-recognition algorithm that looks for the 'fingerprints' of interest within the data that match signal patterns stored in a database. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting has the potential to detect and analyse early indicators of disease, or complex changes in materials.       Chemical Sciences More Chemical sciences ▼   Mesoporous TiO2 single crystals delivering enhanced mobility and optoelectronic device performance   An efficient, low-temperature method to grow mesoporous semiconductors and ceramics that can be used for energy applications is described in Nature this week. Dye-sensitized solar cells made from these materials demonstrate 7.3% efficiency, the highest reported value to date using low temperature processing. Possible applications include high performance solar cells, as photocatalysts and in batteries.                   Save on best-in-class personal flow cytometry With a combined value package, you can save 10% on the BD Accuri™ C6 personal flow cytometer and 40% on high quality BD Pharmingen™ reagents for 2 full years. There's never been a better time to buy and get the best-in-class power, flexibility, and insight personal flow cytometry can offer. Flow cytometry within reach™. bdbiosciences.com/go/accuri                 Biological Sciences More Biological sciences ▼   Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC   A novel respiratory illness caused by the human coronavirus HCoV-EMC has infected close to 20 people to date, of which around half have died. Bart Haagmans and colleagues have now identified the receptor that this virus uses to infect cells. In contrast to the related virus SARS-CoV, which uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2, the receptor for HCoV-EMC is an exopeptidase found on non-ciliated cells in the lower respiratory tract. The findings may be important for the development of intervention strategies.       Podcast & Video     In this week's podcast: the opening of the world's most sophisticated radio telescope, how painkillers could improve stem cell transplants, how much we know about quasars and the biology behind the new coronavirus.         News & Comment Read daily news coverage▶ ▲top               THIS WEEK           Editorials                   The antibiotic alarm ▶     There is a growing recognition that action must be taken to deal with the alarming rise in the incidence of bacteria resistant to today's antibiotics, and its implications for global health.             Form and function ▶     Although debate over scientific definitions is important, it risks obscuring the real issues.             Cancer costs ▶     Educating patients is key, but the US National Cancer Institute must keep spending in check.             World View                   The unlikely wisdom of Chairman Mao ▶     Self-criticism is a virtue seldom possessed by men, and never by the leaders of Western science, says Colin Macilwain.             Seven Days                   Seven days: 8–14 March 2013 ▶     The week in science: Life found in Antarctica's largest subglacial lake; Higgs still a standard boson; and trade protections agreed for endangered sharks.             NEWS IN FOCUS           Receptor for new coronavirus found ▶     Virus might have many animal reservoirs.             DNA tool kit goes live online ▶     Standard control sequences aim to make genetic engineering more predictable.             Cold telescope faces hot death ▶     Herschel space observatory nears its end after unravelling star formation and tracking dust from supernovae.             Sticky problem snares wonder material ▶     Graphene-like form of silicon proves hard to handle.             Exotic conductors from lab and nature ▶     Mineral proves to be remarkably clean topological insulator.             Australia's plans for sea havens 'flawed' ▶     Questions raised over protection levels for marine regions.             Features                   Radio astronomy: The patchwork array ▶     After years of delays and cost overruns, an international collaboration is finally inaugurating the world's highest-altitude radio telescope.             Online learning: Campus 2.0 ▶     Massive open online courses are transforming higher education — and providing fodder for scientific research.             COMMENT           Astrophysics: Quasars still defy explanation ▶     Fifty years after finding that these cosmic beacons lie far away, astronomers need to think harder about how they radiate so much energy, says Robert Antonucci.             Lab life: Scientists are snobs ▶     It is a mistake to dismiss the people and projects coming out of lesser-known institutions, argues Keith Weaver — they have strengths too.             Books and Arts                   In retrospect: On the Mode of Communication of Cholera ▶     W. F. Bynum reassesses the work of John Snow, the Victorian 'cholera cartographer'.             Botany: A tree for all time ▶     Sandra Knapp relishes a biography of the ginkgo, an arboreal survivor that has outlasted the dinosaurs.             Books in brief ▶             Evolutionary biology: Twisting the tale of human evolution ▶     John Hawks enjoys a debunking of myths about our evolutionary fitness for the twenty-first century.             Archaeology: A distant mirror ▶     Ewen Callaway finds a showing of prehistoric artefacts aesthetically stunning, but a missed scientific opportunity.             Correspondence                   RePAIR programme: Integrity rehab leader responds James M. DuBois | Funding: Some sense in overlapping grants Noam Y. Harel | Funding: Database to counter duplication Stephanie Birkey Reffey, Lynne Davies | Ecosystems: Marine monitoring is hard and costly Miguel Pessanha Pais | Research infrastructure: Use foreign aid to help African science Khalid D. Awadelkarim             Corrections                   Correction ▶             Corrections ▶                 Biological Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Palaeontology: Tubular worms from the Burgess Shale ▶     Henry Gee             Stem cells: Painkillers caught in blood-cell trafficking ▶     Jason M. Butler, Shahin Rafii             ATPase-dependent quality control of DNA replication origin licensing ▶     Jordi Frigola, Dirk Remus, Amina Mehanna et al.     The authors describe how the eukaryotic replicative helicase is recruited to origins and reveal a novel ATPase-dependent quality control mechanism.             CLP1 links tRNA metabolism to progressive motor-neuron loss ▶     Toshikatsu Hanada, Stefan Weitzer, Barbara Mair et al.     Inactivating the CLP1 RNA kinase in mice leads to a progressive loss of motor neurons, through a mechanism related to the accumulation of a novel set of small RNA fragments derived from aberrant processing of tyrosine pre-transfer RNA.             The genomes of four tapeworm species reveal adaptations to parasitism OPEN ▶     Isheng J. Tsai, Magdalena Zarowiecki, Nancy Holroyd et al.     Genome sequences of human-infective tapeworm species reveal extreme losses of genes and pathways that are ubiquitous in other animals, species-specific expansions of non-canonical heat shock proteins and families of known antigens, specialized detoxification pathways, and metabolism that relies on host nutrients; this information is used to identify new potential drug targets.             Differential stem- and progenitor-cell trafficking by prostaglandin E2  ▶     Jonathan Hoggatt, Khalid S. Mohammad, Pratibha Singh et al.     Endogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent regulator of haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) retention in the bone marrow; inhibition of endogenous PGE2 signalling by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs results in enhanced HSC and haematopoietic progenitor cell mobility via E-prostanoid 4 (EP4) receptor antagonism.             Multiple phases of chondrocyte enlargement underlie differences in skeletal proportions ▶     Kimberly L. Cooper, Seungeun Oh, Yongjin Sung et al.     A microscopy study of the cellular basis of mammalian skeletal elongation in development and evolution reveals three phases of chondrocyte volume enlargement, including a phase of disproportionate fluid increase.             Brown-fat paucity due to impaired BMP signalling induces compensatory browning of white fat ▶     Tim J. Schulz, Ping Huang, Tian Lian Huang et al.     A shortage of constitutive brown adipose tissue is shown to result when brown adipogenic progenitor cells lack a type of BMP receptor; however, this leads to an increase in sympathetic input to white adipose tissue and a compensatory browning of white fat depots.             Multidomain integration in the structure of the HNF-4α nuclear receptor complex ▶     Vikas Chandra, Pengxiang Huang, Nalini Potluri et al.     The crystal structure of the transcriptional regulator HNF-4α bound to its DNA response element and coactivator-derived peptides is described, revealing a multidomain convergence centre that serves as an allosteric transmission system.             Tubicolous enteropneusts from the Cambrian period ▶     Jean-Bernard Caron, Simon Conway Morris, Christopher B. Cameron     Examination of a fossil enteropneust, Spartobranchus tenuis (Walcott, 1911), from the Cambrian-period Burgess Shale shows that they looked similar to modern enteropneusts but lived in tubes, like modern pterobranchs; the findings shed light on the common ancestor of enteropneusts and pterobranchs, and hence the origin of chordates.             A conformational switch in HP1 releases auto-inhibition to drive heterochromatin assembly ▶     Daniele Canzio, Maofu Liao, Nariman Naber et al.     The Schizosaccharomyces pombe HP1 protein, Swi6, is shown to exist in an auto-inhibited state when unbound to chromatin, switching to a spreading-competent state upon binding to the HK9 methyl mark; disrupting this switch affects heterochromatin assembly and gene silencing.             Articles and Letters                   Magnetic resonance fingerprinting ▶     Dan Ma, Vikas Gulani, Nicole Seiberlich et al.     A new approach to magnetic resonance, 'magnetic resonance fingerprinting', is reported, which combines a data acquisition scheme with a pattern-recognition algorithm that looks for the 'fingerprints' of interest within the data.             Patterns of population epigenomic diversity OPEN ▶     Robert J. Schmitz, Matthew D. Schultz, Mark A. Urich et al.     A population epigenomic analysis of wild Arabidopsis thaliana accessions is presented, obtained by sequencing their whole genomes, methylomes and transcriptomes; thousands of DNA methylation variants are identified, some of which are associated with methylation quantitative trait loci.             Membrane potential dynamics of grid cells ▶     Cristina Domnisoru, Amina A. Kinkhabwala, David W. Tank     Intracellular membrane potential changes are measured directly in mouse grid cells during navigation along linear tracks in virtual reality; the recordings reveal that slow ramps of depolarization are the sub-threshold signatures of firing fields, as in attractor network models of grid cells, whereas theta oscillations pace action potential timing.             CALHM1 ion channel mediates purinergic neurotransmission of sweet, bitter and umami tastes ▶     Akiyuki Taruno, Valérie Vingtdeux, Makoto Ohmoto et al.     The voltage-gated ion channel CALHM1 is vital to taste-stimuli-evoked ATP release from sweet-, bitter- and umami-sensing taste bud cells in mice, but does not seem relevant to the recognition of sour and salty tastes.             CXCL12 in early mesenchymal progenitors is required for haematopoietic stem-cell maintenance ▶     Adam Greenbaum, Yen-Michael S. Hsu, Ryan B. Day et al.     Targeted deletion of the chemokine Cxcl12 in different bone marrow stromal cell populations shows that distinct niches exist in the bone marrow for haematopoietic stem cells and lineage-committed progenitors.             Haematopoietic stem cells and early lymphoid progenitors occupy distinct bone marrow niches ▶     Lei Ding, Sean J. Morrison     A study of the physiological sources of the chemokine CXCL12 in mice shows that haematopoietic stem cells occupy a perivascular niche in the bone marrow whereas early lymphoid progenitors occupy a distinct endosteal niche.             PRC1 coordinates timing of sexual differentiation of female primordial germ cells ▶     Shihori Yokobayashi, Ching-Yeu Liang, Hubertus Kohler et al.     The Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is found to have important gene-dosage-dependent and sex-specific roles in primordial germ cell (PGC) development, including the maintenance of high levels of Oct4 and Nanog and ensuring the proper timing of meiosis through the suppression of retinoic acid signalling in female PGCs.             Ovarian surface epithelium at the junction area contains a cancer-prone stem cell niche ▶     Andrea Flesken-Nikitin, Chang-Il Hwang, Chieh-Yang Cheng et al.     The hilum (a transitional region) of the mouse ovary is identified as a stem cell niche of the ovarian surface epithelium, and its cells are prone to malignant transformation after inactivation of common tumour suppressor genes, suggesting that they may be the origin of ovarian carcinoma.             Naturally occurring allele diversity allows potato cultivation in northern latitudes ▶     Bjorn Kloosterman, José A. Abelenda, María del Mar Carretero Gomez et al.     A genetic study of natural variation in potato tuberization onset, an important phenotype for breeding potatoes adapted to different global day lengths, has revealed a role for StCDF1, a member of the DOF family of transcription factors.             Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC ▶     V. Stalin Raj, Huihui Mou, Saskia L. Smits et al.     Human coronavirus-EMC (hCoV-EMC) is a new coronavirus that has killed around half of the few humans infected so far; this study now identifies DPP4 as the receptor that this virus uses to infect cells.             USP33 regulates centrosome biogenesis via deubiquitination of the centriolar protein CP110 ▶     Ji Li, Vincenzo D'Angiolella, E. Scott Seeley et al.     Maintenance of normal levels of CP110 is essential to prevent over-duplication of centrosomes and genome instability; here, a deubiquitinating enzyme, USP33, is shown to stabilize CP110.             Crystal structures of the calcium pump and sarcolipin in the Mg2+-bound E1 state ▶     Chikashi Toyoshima, Shiho Iwasawa, Haruo Ogawa et al.     The X-ray crystal structures of SERCA1a, a Ca2+-ATPase from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, in the presence and absence of sarcolipin are reported; the structures indicate that sarcolipin stabilizes SERCA1a in an 'open' state that has not been well characterised previously, in which SERCA1a has not yet accepted calcium into its two high-affinity binding sites.             The sarcolipin-bound calcium pump stabilizes calcium sites exposed to the cytoplasm ▶     Anne-Marie L. Winther, Maike Bublitz, Jesper L. Karlsen et al.     An X-ray crystal structure of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in the presence of sarcolipin, a SERCA regulator, is presented; the structure shows that sarcolipin traps SERCA in a previously unidentified 'open' state in which its high-affinity Ca2+ -binding sites are unoccupied, but accessible from the cytoplasm.             News & Views                   Public health: Broad reception for coronavirus ▶     Tom Gallagher, Stanley Perlman             Cell biology: Alternative energy for neuronal motors ▶     Giampietro Schiavo, Mike Fainzilber             50 & 100 Years Ago ▶             Epigenomics: Methylation's mark on inheritance ▶     Steven Eichten & Justin Borevitz             Stem cells: Anatomy of an ovarian cancer ▶     James D. Brenton & John Stingl             Medical imaging: Sleuthing tissue fingerprints ▶     E. Brian Welch             Palaeontology: Tubular worms from the Burgess Shale ▶     Henry Gee             Stem cells: Painkillers caught in blood-cell trafficking ▶     Jason M. Butler, Shahin Rafii             Corrigenda                   Corrigendum: Modernization: One step at a time ▶     Zhiguo Xu             Corrigendum: Analysis of 6,515 exomes reveals the recent origin of most human protein-coding variants ▶     Wenqing Fu, Timothy D. O'Connor, Goo Jun et al.             Research Highlights                   Botany: Bacteria blossom in apple flowers | Phylogeny: Many non-crop grasses bear salt | Cell biology: Membranes protrude to fuse | Neuroscience: Human cells boost mouse brains | Human behaviour: Victims punish but witnesses envy | Metabolism: Ageing gene linked to diabetes | Palaeontology: Ancient camels in the Arctic | Molecular biology: Regenerative proteins revealed         NEWS & COMMENT           Cancer costs | Receptor for new coronavirus found | In retrospect: On the Mode of Communication of Cholera | Botany: A tree for all time | Books in brief | Ecosystems: Marine monitoring is hard and costly | The antibiotic alarm | Form and function | DNA tool kit goes live online | Australia's plans for sea havens 'flawed'             More Biological Sciences ▶                         Get precise cell counts in less than 30 seconds The Scepter™ 2.0 Handheld Automated Cell Counter. Scepter™ 2.0 technology offers convenient, accurate cell counting–at the cell culture hood or bench. This small device allows you to rapidly determine cell health, count subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) preps, and much more. See the difference >>               Chemical Sciences ▲top               Corrigendum                   Corrigendum: Modernization: One step at a time ▶     Zhiguo Xu             More Chemical Sciences ▶               Physical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Astronomy: The ALMA telescope shows its true colours ▶     Andrew W. Blain             Dusty starburst galaxies in the early Universe as revealed by gravitational lensing ▶     J. D. Vieira, D. P. Marrone, S. C. Chapman et al.     A spectroscopic redshift survey of extraordinarily bright millimetre-wave-selected sources of carbon monoxide line emission — originating from star-forming molecular gas — shows that at least ten of these sources lie at redshifts greater than four, indicating that the fraction of dusty starburst galaxies at high redshifts is greater than previously thought.             Articles and Letters                   Magnetic resonance fingerprinting ▶     Dan Ma, Vikas Gulani, Nicole Seiberlich et al.     A new approach to magnetic resonance, 'magnetic resonance fingerprinting', is reported, which combines a data acquisition scheme with a pattern-recognition algorithm that looks for the 'fingerprints' of interest within the data.             Observation of quantum state collapse and revival due to the single-photon Kerr effect ▶     Gerhard Kirchmair, Brian Vlastakis, Zaki Leghtas et al.     An artificial Kerr medium has been engineered using superconducting circuits, enabling the observation of the characteristic collapse and revival of a coherent state; this behaviour could, for example, be used in single-photon generation and quantum logic operations.             Coherent state transfer between itinerant microwave fields and a mechanical oscillator ▶     T. A. Palomaki, J. W. Harlow, J. D. Teufel et al.     The state of an itinerant microwave field can be coherently transferred into, stored in and retrieved from a mechanical oscillator with amplitudes at the single-quantum level, and the time to capture and retrieve the microwave state is shorter than the quantum state lifetime of the mechanical oscillator.             Mesoporous TiO2 single crystals delivering enhanced mobility and optoelectronic device performance ▶     Edward J. W. Crossland, Nakita Noel, Varun Sivaram et al.     A new low-temperature synthetic method of growing semiconductor mesoporous single crystals of titanium dioxide is described; the resulting films have much higher conductivities and electron mobilities than nanocrystalline titanium dioxide.             News & Views                   Materials science: Porosity in a single crystal ▶     Caterina Ducati             Medical imaging: Sleuthing tissue fingerprints ▶     E. Brian Welch             Astronomy: The ALMA telescope shows its true colours ▶     Andrew W. Blain             Research Highlights                   Condensed matter: Atomic collapse on carbon sheets | Wave dynamics: Shaking oil into stars         NEWS & COMMENT           Exotic conductors from lab and nature | Radio astronomy: The patchwork array | Astrophysics: Quasars still defy explanation | Books in brief | Sticky problem snares wonder material | Cold telescope faces hot death             More Physical Sciences ▶               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Articles and Letters                   Water and hydrogen are immiscible in Earth's mantle ▶     Enikő Bali, Andreas Audétat, Hans Keppler     Experimental evidence is presented which shows that water and hydrogen can coexist as two separate, immiscible phases in Earth's mantle; such immiscibility might be responsible for the formation of enigmatic, extremely reducing domains inferred to exist in the mantle, and may provide a mechanism for the rapid oxidation of Earth's upper mantle immediately following core formation.             News & Views                   Earth science: Core composition revealed ▶     Lidunka Vočadlo           NEWS & COMMENT           Ecosystems: Marine monitoring is hard and costly | Australia's plans for sea havens 'flawed'             More Earth & Environmental Sciences ▶               Specials - Nature Outlook: Gold Free Access ▲top               Gold ▶     Herb Brody             Resources: Mine, all mine! ▶     Throughout history, gold has been prized around the world and eagerly sought. But where does it come from, and where does it all go? By Neil Savage.             Mining: Extreme prospects ▶     High gold prices are making it worthwhile to look for gold in some unusual places.             Perspective: A glint of the future ▶     The same property that gives stained glass windows their sublime beauty is being crafted in the latest nanophotonic technologies, says Anatoly V. Zayats.             Photonics: Trick of the light ▶     Invisibly small particles of gold can be used to manipulate the properties of light.             Catalysis: The accelerator ▶     Gold can speed up a multitude of chemical reactions — so why isn't it widely used in industry?             Microbiology: There's gold in them there bugs ▶     Microbial 'alchemy' could lead to new ways of detecting and producing the precious metal.             Biomedicine: The new gold standard ▶     Prized for their versatility, optical properties and safety, gold nanoparticles are helping to image, diagnose and treat disease.         Sponsors                     Epigenetics: Why histone modifications matter in health and disease Now live on demand Histones are an integral part of chromatin as they make up the 'protein spools' DNA is wound around. Two prominent speakers will explore one of the key questions in chromatin biology: how the language of post translational modifications on histones influences gene expression. Register for FREE               Careers & Jobs ▲top               Natural disasters: A calculated risk ▶     Scientists and engineers with an analytical bent are sought-after in natural-hazard risk assessment.                   Foreign students wanted ▶     Australian government will take measures to attract international science talent.                   Pay rise for presidents ▶     US universities' top administrative posts got median increase above inflation for 2012.             Careers related news & comment                   Seven days: 8–14 March 2013 | Radio astronomy: The patchwork array Eric Hand | Online learning: Campus 2.0 M. Mitchell Waldrop | Lab life: Scientists are snobs Keith Weaver | RePAIR programme: Integrity rehab leader responds James M. DuBois | Funding: Some sense in overlapping grants Noam Y. Harel | Funding: Database to counter duplication Stephanie Birkey Reffey, Lynne Davies | Research infrastructure: Use foreign aid to help African science Khalid D. Awadelkarim               naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Associate or Full Professor     Indiana Univeristy School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology            Drug Transporters     University of Washington            Microbiologist     Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Laimburg            Research Nurse     MRC - Clinical Sciences Centre          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. 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