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Here is your customized Phys.org Newsletter for February 11, 2013:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
- Unique 4D microscope captures motion of DNA structures in space and time- Point and shoot camera produces 3-D models
- Cell circuits remember their history: Engineers design new synthetic biology circuits that combine memory and logic
- Curiosity rover collects first Martian bedrock sample
- Farming arrived in Europe with migrants, isotopic data show
- Genes for autism and schizophrenia only active in developing brains
- Sunlight stimulates release of climate-warming gas from melting Arctic permafrost, study says
- Apple eyeing smart watch, reports say
- US breathes life, barely, into offshore wind
- World solar power capacity exceeds 100 gigawatts
- Researchers strain to improve electrical material and it's worth it
- Protein 'filmed' while unfolding at atomic resolution
- New robot takes augmented reality to a new level
- Researchers show how blood vessels regroup after stroke
- The electronic origin of photoinduced strain
Space & Earth news
Skateboarders good for the environment, study says
A recent study in Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability suggests that skateboarders in Chicago perform in and transform urban spaces by exploring different terrains and developing unforeseen uses. Waxing ledges is a widespread practice among skateboarders that smoothens ledges allowing for speed and exhilaration, communicating to other skateboarders that 'here is a cool space'.
Professor sees clouds as key to better weather forecast, climate predictions
Zhien Wang makes no bones about it. He believes meteorologists could do a better job of predicting the weather. To do so, he believes the clues are in the clouds.
Global climatology of explosive cyclones
Explosive cyclones, which have rapidly intensifying winds and heavy rain, can seriously threaten life and property.
Characterizing noise in the global nuclear weapon monitoring system
Under the auspices of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, a worldwide monitoring system designed to detect the illegal testing of nuclear weaponry has been under construction since 1999. The International Monitoring System is composed of a range of sensors, including detectors for hydroacoustic and seismic signals, and when completed, will include 60 infrasound measurement arrays set to detect low-frequency sound waves produced by an atmospheric nuclear detonation.
New Harvard report probes security risks of extreme weather and climate change
A new study, conducted specifically to explore the forces driving extreme weather events and their implications for national security planning over the next decade, finds that the early ramifications of climate extremes resulting from climate change are already upon us and will continue to be felt over the next decade, directly impacting US national security interests.
Field Museum acquires important Martian meteorite
The Field Museum has acquired six pieces of an extremely important Martian meteorite that was hurled into space about 700,000 years ago when Mars collided with an asteroid.
NASA's refueling demonstration proves viability of satellite-servicing technologies
(Phys.org)—NASA has demonstrated robotic fluid transfer in space, an objective that will help inform the development of robotic technology to refuel satellites. The first-of-its-kind demonstration was performed during the Robotic Refueling Mission (RRM) aboard the International Space Station.
Chinese New Year fireworks harm health, study finds
This Sunday, people around the world celebrated Chinese New Year with firework displays and sparklers, but new research confirms this tradition could seriously harm peoples health. An international team of scientists have shown that a firework display, even a small one at home, can spread toxic particles for miles.
Earth-directed CME released by long duration solar flare
(Phys.org)—On Feb. 9, 2013 at 2:30 a.m. EST, the sun erupted with an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection or CME, associated with a long duration C2.4-class flare. Experimental NASA research models, based on observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and ESA/NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, show that the CME left the sun at speeds of around 500 miles per second, which is a fairly typical speed for CMEs. Historically, CMEs at this speed are usually benign.
Landsat 5 sets Guinness World Record for 'longest operating Earth observation satellite'
(Phys.org)—Landsat 5 successfully set the new Guinness World Records title for 'Longest-operating Earth observation satellite' as stated in an e-mail from Guinness World Records sent to NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. Outliving its three-year design life, Landsat 5 delivered high-quality, global data of Earth's land surface for 28 years and 10 months.
Groundwater levels decline in Western and Central Kansas
(Phys.org)—Average groundwater levels across western and central Kansas showed significant declines for the second consecutive year, according to preliminary data compiled by the Kansas Geological Survey, based at the University of Kansas.
A cosmic snake for Chinese New Year
Gong Hey Fat Choy! Today marks the beginning of the Chinese New Year and what better way to celebrate the Year of the Black Snake than with a look at an enormous shadowy cosmic serpent, the Snake Nebula!
For U.S. biomes, climate change will decrease vegetative productivity
One recurrently forecast effect of global climate change is that in general, precipitation patterns will become more extreme, with fewer, larger storms and longer dry spells in between. The aftermath of this shift, borne out by the effect the changing water availability will have on vegetative productivity, however, is less well known. Previous research showed that productivity changes with the total annual precipitation, but the measured effect of a shift to a more extreme distribution is less consistent. Research seeking to understand this aspect of the changing precipitation pattern question has typically been conducted through small-scale or short-duration intervention experiments, where the availability of rainwater is artificially manipulated. This makes extrapolating the research to other climes or biomes difficult.
Lightning detected from space can indicate thundercloud height
High within towering thunderclouds, a distinct form of intracloud lightning, known as "narrow bipolar pulse" discharges, can occur. Like other forms of lightning, narrow bipolar events (NBE) can be either negative or positive discharges. These events are known for their high-powered, short-distance electrical discharges that produce strong emissions of very high frequency radio waves. Previous research has found that since NBEs take place at relatively high altitudes, it is possible to detect them remotely using satellites. To be able to use the detection of narrow bipolar events to measure cloud behavior or storm dynamics, however, requires a better understanding of the relationship between cloud properties and NBEs.
Storminess helps coastal marshes withstand sea level rise
Rising sea levels are predicted to threaten many coastal sea marshes around the world in the coming decades as the Earth's climate warms. In addition to accelerating sea level rise, global climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and severity of storms in many places around the world. But few studies have taken into account how an increased storminess might affect the ability of coastal marshes to withstand sea level rise.
How many lakes are there, and how big are they?
Because of the important role lakes play in regional and local biogeochemical cycling, including carbon storage and emissions, scientists need to know how many lakes of various sizes exist. However, determining the size distribution of lakes is more difficult than it may seem—the smallest lakes are often not recorded on maps. Some researchers have suggested that the number of small lakes is underestimated and have used size distributions to suggest that small lakes dominate the global lake surface area.
Contest seeks underworldly names for two Pluto moons (Update)
Want to name Pluto's two tiniest moons? Then you'll need to dig deep into mythology.
US launches Earth observation satellite (Update)
The United States launched its latest Earth observation satellite Monday atop an Atlas V rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, NASA said.
Getting the right spin on a close-passing asteroid
(Phys.org)—The record-setting close approach of an asteroid on Feb. 15 is an exciting opportunity for scientists, and a research team will use National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) and NASA telescopes to gain a key clue that will help them predict the future path of this nearby cosmic neighbor.
Latest Earth satellite launches from US coast
(AP)—A rocket carrying an Earth-observing satellite launched Monday from a seaside military base to continue a mission to document changes to the planet's natural resources.
NASA eyes the birth of Tropical Cyclone Haley
Tropical Cyclone Haley was forming quickly as NASA's Aqua satellite captured an image of the storm in the South Pacific Ocean.
NASA sees Tropical Cyclone 15S form in So. Indian Ocean
The fifteenth tropical cyclone of the Southern Indian Ocean season strengthened into a tropical storm today, Feb. 11, and NASA's Aqua satellite passed overhead hours after it reached tropical storm strength.
Wild weather strands Shackleton adventurers
Two adventurers attempting to recreate an epic 1916 Antarctic expedition by Ernest Shackleton were on Saturday stranded on a plateau above a glacier after wild weather hit the final leg of their journey.
A possible naked-eye comet in March
Far beyond the orbits of Neptune and Pluto, where the sun is a pinprick of light not much brighter than other stars, a vast swarm of icy bodies circles the solar system. Astronomers call it the "Oort Cloud," and it is the source of some of history's finest comets.
Is the ozone layer on the road to recovery?
(Phys.org)—Satellites show that the recent ozone hole over Antarctica was the smallest seen in the past decade. Long-term observations also reveal that Earth's ozone has been strengthening following international agreements to protect this vital layer of the atmosphere.
Hubble catches a side-on spiral streak
(Phys.org)—This thin, glittering streak of stars is the spiral galaxy ESO 121-6, which lies in the southern constellation of Pictor (The Painter's Easel). Viewed almost exactly side-on, the intricate structure of the swirling arms is hidden, but the full length of the galaxy can be seen—including the intense glow from the central bulge, a dense region of tightly packed young stars sitting at the center of the spiral arms.
Explorers complete Shackleton's epic Antarctic journey
A team of exhausted but elated explorers successfully recreated Ernest Shackleton's Antarctic survival journey on Monday, completing a three-day climb across mountains despite a treacherous blizzard.
A fascinating 'new' planet
NASA has recently discovered a very strange planet. Its days are twice as long as its years. It has a tail like a comet. It is hot enough to melt lead, yet capped by deposits of ice. And to top it all off ... it appears to be pink.
Chemistry trick kills climate controversy
Volcanoes are well known for cooling the climate. But just how much and when has been a bone of contention among historians, glaciologists and archeologists. Now a team of atmosphere chemists, from the Tokyo Institute of Technology and the University of Copenhagen, has come up with a way to say for sure which historic episodes of global cooling were caused by volcanic eruptions.
Tree die-off triggered by hotter temperatures
A team of scientists, led by researchers at Carnegie's Department of Global Ecology, has determined that the recent widespread die-off of Colorado trembling aspen trees is a direct result of decreased precipitation exacerbated by high summer temperatures. The die-off, triggered by the drought from 2000-2003, is estimated to have affected up to 17% of Colorado aspen forests. In 2002, the drought subjected the trees to the most extreme growing season water stress of the past century.
Curiosity rover collects first Martian bedrock sample
(Phys.org)—NASA's Curiosity rover has, for the first time, used a drill carried at the end of its robotic arm to bore into a flat, veiny rock on Mars and collect a sample from its interior. This is the first time any robot has drilled into a rock to collect a sample on Mars.
Sunlight stimulates release of climate-warming gas from melting Arctic permafrost, study says
Ancient carbon trapped in Arctic permafrost is extremely sensitive to sunlight and, if exposed to the surface when long-frozen soils melt and collapse, can release climate-warming carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere much faster than previously thought.
Technology news
Tech innovators honored at Oscars dinner
(AP)—A room full of engineers, computer whizzes and technicians has brought the crew of the Starship Enterprise down to Earth for a night.
The next network
Microcontrollers are everywhere. Essentially tiny computers that are embedded in machines, they supervise a rapidly-expanding universe of functions. In washing machines, for instance, they may access information embedded in electronic tags in clothing labels, allowing them to know whether items are wash-and-wear or wool. Other sensors may tell them how soiled the items are. They may also control water valves, and ensure that the door is securely closed.
Congested frequencies: How to improve bandwidth access for military and commercial use
Military radars, military communications networks, and commercial communications networks all require increasing amounts of limited radio frequency spectrum. Balancing national security requirements of radars and military networks with the growing bandwidth demands of commercial wireless data networks calls for innovative approaches to managing spectrum access. DARPA's Shared Spectrum Access for Radar and Communications (SSPARC) program aims to improve radar and communications capabilities for military and commercial users by creating technical solutions to enable spectrum sharing.
Myanmar denies hacking journalist email accounts
(AP)—Myanmar's government denied on Monday that it was behind a possible attempt to hack into the email accounts of journalists working for foreign and local media who Google warned might have been the targets of "state-sponsored attackers."
Israel firms invest in Cyprus energy search
Israeli firms Delek and Avner signed an agreement on Monday to acquire a 30 percent stake in exploration rights for gas and oil off Cyprus's southern shore carried out by US company Noble Energy.
Starz renews deal to get Sony movies through 2021
(AP)—Premium pay TV channel Starz has renewed its agreement to carry movies from Sony Pictures through films hitting theaters in 2021. The deal comes two months after Netflix snatched future Disney movies from Starz, and was seen as a must-win for the channel.
Dell's $24.4B deal opposed by major stockholder
Dell Inc.'s decision to sell itself for $24.4 billion to a group led by its founder and CEO is being ridiculed as a rotten deal by a major shareholder who estimates the slumping personal computer maker is really worth more $42 billion.
Egypt court orders YouTube blocked for a month
A Cairo court on Saturday ordered the government to block access to the video-sharing website YouTube for 30 days for carrying an anti-Islam film that caused deadly riots across the world.
Boeing sends 787 on test flight from Seattle
A Boeing 787 is in the air on a test flight, the first since the new airliner was grounded three weeks ago because of a battery fire.
Tokyo man arrested over bizarre hacking campaign
Japanese police on Sunday arrested a man suspected of being behind a computer hacking campaign following an exhaustive hunt that at one stage had authorities tracking down a cat for clues, according to reports.
Original programs beef up streaming video sites
The big-budget original series "House of Cards" launched this month on Netflix highlights the growing importance of streaming video, which is ramping up competition against traditional TV.
Tech giants summoned by Australia pricing inquiry
Global technology giants Microsoft, Apple and Adobe were Monday ordered to appear before a pricing inquiry examining the often-higher cost of tech goods in Australia compared with other economies.
US is target of massive cyber-espionage: report
The US intelligence community has concluded that America is the target of a massive cyber-espionage campaign that is threatening its competitiveness, The Washington Post reported.
Mobile phones to aid interior design
Research into using simple video clips to build up a virtual 3D environment has won a Best Paper award for a team from the Department of Engineering.
A violent debate: Could guns be made at home by 3-D printers?
Gun laws have been back in the media recently due, largely, to the horrific events at Sandy Hook Elementary School on December 14, 2012 which claimed the lives of 20 children and six adults. In response President Obama has just unveiled gun control proposals.
Using new media to save the old: Facebook co-founder explains new foray into publishing
For most college students wanting to leave their mark on the world, having helped Mark Zuckerberg launch Facebook would be more than enough. But Chris Hughes '06, who helped to lead the social network's growth in its early years, now has his sights set on upending a slightly less sexy medium—magazines.
Nonprofit organization, PureMadi, develops innovative water purification tablet for developing world
PureMadi, a nonprofit University of Virginia organization, introduced a new invention – a simple ceramic water purification tablet – during its one-year celebration event on Friday.
Gauging the needs of the petroleum industry
When he looked at the dramatic increase in his laboratory's thread gauge calibration income – a 50 % increase over last year and a 1000 % increase from 14 years ago – Dennis Everett saw the writing on the wall: The petroleum industry was back in a big, big way. This multi-billion-dollar industry has grown to support 9.2 million U.S. jobs and 7.3 percent of the U.S. economy. NIST has to find a way to keep up with the resulting new demands and challenges. NIST's impact on this industry is critical—NIST stands at the gateway to help prevent leaks in oil drilling operations.
Finnish nuclear reactor 'may be seven years late'
Finnish electricity company TVO said on Monday that an EPR nuclear reactor being built by Areva and Siemens may not be ready until 2016, contradicting Areva's claims that it would be completed in 2014.
Dell looks to calm shareholder concern over buyout
Dell is trying to reassure shareholders about its proposed $24.4 billion acquisition by a group led by its founder, saying it considered a number of strategic options before agreeing to the deal.
UK watchdog launches investigation into Autonomy (Update)
Britain's accounting watchdog announced Monday that it is investigating the books of British business software maker Autonomy Corporation in the period before it was bought by Hewlett-Packard Co. in 2011.
Analysis: Worst nightmare for Dell, Microsoft?
Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer's worst nightmare might go like this: PC juggernaut Dell becomes downtrodden enough to be private equity bait and Apple so rich investors sue to get at its cash.
Dutch family sues Facebook over 'like' button patent
The heirs of a Dutch Internet inventor are suing Facebook for allegedly infringing his patents with the US social networking site's "like" and "share" buttons, court documents seen on Monday said.
Wind farms turn in record growth in 2012
Wind farms added a record 44.7 gigawatts of electricity production last year, increasing capacity 19 percent to 282.5 gigawatts, the Global Wind Energy Council said Monday.
Google chairman to sell $2.5 bn of shares
Google's Chairman Eric Schmidt plans to sell 3.2 million "A" shares, currently worth $2.5 billion, over the next year, Google said Friday in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Study uses grins and frowns to predict online game hits
(Phys.org)—Up to now, game publishers have sought to find out if they have the Next Hot Game in the wings through interviews with focus-group gamers. However, researchers in Taiwan believe they have a better way, and they reported their findings at IEEE/ACM NetGames in November last year. Their study, "Forecasting Online Game Addictiveness," is inspired by the fact that game developers and publishers could use a better guide than focus group interviews and hunches, given the numbers of games that never achieve wild success.
New robot takes augmented reality to a new level
(Phys.org)—Researchers and engineers at a Japanese company called Different Dimensions have taken the concept of augmented reality to new heights by adding the touch of an avatar to the experience. That touch comes courtesy of a robot they've built that mimics commands sent from an animation generator—it's covered with green material to allow for connecting augmented reality imagery with the real world robot. They call it a "virtual humanoid."
World solar power capacity exceeds 100 gigawatts
World solar power capacity passed the 100 gigawatt mark for the first time to 101 GW, the European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) said on Monday.
US breathes life, barely, into offshore wind
Europe: 1,662 turbines; United States: 0. After delays that left the American industry years behind other nations, the first wind farm off the US coast should finally produce electricity by 2015.
Computer scientist looks for bad guys in cyberspace
(Phys.org)—The weakest link in many computer networks is a gullible human. With that in mind, Sandia National Laboratories computer science researcher Jeremy Wendt wants to figure out how to recognize potential targets of nefarious emails and put them on their guard.
Analysis shows online songwriters seek collaborators with complementary skills
A musical collaboration, be it Rodgers and Hammerstein or Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, requires a mix of shared and complementary traits that is not always obvious. Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University discovered elements of this unique chemistry by using an automated technique to analyze an online songwriting community.
Medicine & Health news
Final HIPAA omnibus rule goes into effect March 26
(HealthDay)—The final omnibus rule, which makes changes to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996, goes into effect March 26, and physicians must be in compliance by Sept. 23.
Want to get rid of that old tattoo? You're not alone
(HealthDay)—It seems that tattoos are everywhere these days, but along with the increase in people getting inked, the number of Americans undergoing procedures to have a tattoo removed is also on the rise, experts say.
Pomalyst approved for advanced multiple myeloma
(HealthDay)—Pomalyst (pomalidomide) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat cases of multiple myeloma that have not responded to other therapies.
Skin-care basics for your new baby
(HealthDay)—Bathing a baby and caring for the newborn's skin can intimidate new parents, an expert says.
Swine flu kills one in Western Sahara
A fisherman has died of swine flu in the Western Sahara region, where 11 others have been tested H1N1 positive, the Moroccan health ministry said on Sunday.
Smoking out tobacco: The rise of the e-cig
The camera zooms in on a stubble-bearded hunk dragging on a cigarette and blowing out a thick cloud of smoke with what seems to be great satisfaction.
Report finds leave insurance program successfully reaches working families
In 2009, New Jersey became one of only two states in the country to enact a family leave insurance law.
Adding clopidogrel to aspirin therapy reduces risk of second stroke
Adding a second drug to aspirin therapy reduced the risk of a second stroke in the weeks after Chinese patients had a minor ischemic (due to a clot) stroke or a transient ischemic attack (TIA), according to research presented at the American Stroke Association's International Stroke Conference 2013.
Nanotechnology against pollen allergy
Scientists at the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin have now been able to identify the grass pollen molecule, against which the allergic response of hay fever in children is initiated. In addition, it was shown that the first individual antibodies generated in children against individual pollen molecules can be identified even before the initial symptoms of a pollen allergy are developed. The findings of this long-term study have appeared in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
First-in-man study demonstrates the therapeutic effect of RNAi gene silencing in cancer treatment
A study led by Dr Josep Tabernero, the Director of Clinical Research at the Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Head of the Medical Oncology Department at the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, shows for the first time that ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is effective in the treatment of cancer patients. Harnessing these molecules to silence genes involved in the development and growth of cancer cells is an important step forward in developing a new and more targeted type of cancer therapy.
Study of Atomic-Bomb Survivors: Even lower levels of ionizing radiation exposure may lead to soft tissue cancers
In one of the largest and longest follow-up studies ever conducted to assess the effects of ionizing radiation upon the development of soft tissue sarcomas in humans, the investigators found that much lower levels than previously ever identified lead to the development of soft tissue sarcomas and poor survival rates. This study was conducted by Dr. Dino Samartzis, from the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, and colleagues at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Details of this study appear in the February 6th issue of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery [Am].
Study shows progesterone shots do not reduce preterm delivery in twin pregnancies
In a study to be presented on February 14 between 8 a.m. and 10 a.m. PST, at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's 33rd annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting ™, researchers will report findings that suggest that 17P, a form of progesterone, is not effective in preventing preterm birth among women with twin pregnancies—and may possibly be harmful.
Novo Nordisk US shares skid on drug review setback (Update)
Shares of Novo Nordisk tumbled Monday after the Danish drugmaker said U.S. regulators need a new study before they can finish their review of two diabetes treatments, a development that could delay approval for several years.
Policy changes in elective delivery proven successful
In a study to be presented on February 14 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, California, researchers will present data showing changes in elective delivery policy have been successful in reducing elective deliveries prior to 39 weeks.
Study suggests tightening up of criteria for definition of intrauterine growth restriction
In a study to be presented on February 14 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, researchers will report that the practice of using an arbitrary Estimated Fetal Weight (EFW) less than the 10th centile may not be an efficient practice for defining true Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR).
Presence of intra-amniotic debris a risk for early preterm birth in first pregnancy
In a study to be presented on February 14 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, California, researchers will report findings suggesting an increased risk of early (less than 35 weeks) preterm birth when intra-amniotic debris is present in nulliparous women with a short cervix. The babies born to women with debris had worse outcomes than those born to women without debris, likely due to the earlier delivery.
Around-the-clock labor coverage associated with decrease in C-section
In a study to be presented on February 16 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, researchers will report findings that suggest around-the-clock labor and delivery coverage decreased the odds of cesarean delivery.
Preemptive treatment of severe morning sickness decreases suffering for moms-to-be
`In a study to be presented on February 14 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, California, researchers will present data showing the effectiveness of preemptive treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum and severe morning sickness.
'Laborist' obstetrical care improves pregnancy outcomes
In a study to be presented on February 16 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, researchers will report findings that suggest shifting from a traditional model of obstetrical care to a laborist model improves pregnancy outcomes.
Better outcome for frozen embryo replacement vs IVF
In a study to be presented on February 14 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, California, researchers will present findings showing perinatal outcomes of frozen/thawed embryo replacement (FER) have better outcomes compared to fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF), but worse outcomes compared to the non-IVF general population.
Comprehensive maternal hemorrhage protocols improve patient safety
In a study to be presented on February 16 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, researchers will report findings that suggest comprehensive maternal hemorrhage protocols reduce utilization of blood products and improve patient safety.
Caloric restriction, exercise help prevent weight gain, other complications in obese women
In a study to be presented on February 15 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, researchers will report findings that suggest that consistent physical activity and healthier lifestyle changes beginning in a woman's first trimester can prevent excessive weight gain in obese pregnant women (with a Body Mass Index greater than 30), helping to avoid preterm delivery, hypertension and gestational diabetes.
Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiac symptoms have 31 percent incidence of cardiac dysfunction
In a study to be presented on February 15 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, researchers will report findings that women with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiac symptoms have a 31 percent incidence of cardiac dysfunction. The use of echocardiograms should be considered in the clinical management of these women.
Abnormal brain development in fetuses of obese women
In a study to be presented on February 15 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, California, researchers from Tufts Medical Center will present findings showing the effects of maternal obesity on a fetus, specifically in the development of the brain.
Differences in obstetric outcomes and care related to race and ethnicity
In a study to be presented on February 14 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, California, researchers will present data showing racial and ethnic disparities exist for adverse obstetric outcomes.
Study confirms recurrence of small-for-gestational-age pregnancies
In a study to be presented on February 16 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, researchers will report findings that suggest women whose babies are small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in their first pregnancy have a strongly increased risk for SGA in a second pregnancy.
NYC announces progress in effort to reduce salt (Update)
(AP)—Twenty-one companies have met targets in a New York City-led effort to get restaurants and food manufacturers nationwide to lighten up on salt, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said Monday.
EAU to release policy statement on live surgery ethics
During the final day of the 28th Annual EAU Congress, which will take place on 15-19 March 2013 in Milan, the European Association of Urology will release its official policy statement on live surgery ethics. The statement and accompanying commentary will be delivered by Mr. Keith Parsons (Liverpool, UK), who chairs the EAU Guidelines Office and is a member of the working panel which was tasked with formulating the policy.
Northwestern Medicine researchers investigate stem cell therapy for stroke
Each year, nearly 800,000 Americans suffer a stroke which can result in permanent brain damage, long term disability or death. As a leading cause of adult disability, stroke has an annual burden of more than $62 billion on the United States economy. With the exception of rehabilitation therapy, very few treatments are available to improve the chronic neurologic deficits caused by a stroke. In hopes of expanding therapeutic options, Northwestern Medicine researchers are investigating a novel stem cell therapy, known as SB623, that may hold the key to improving motor function following a disabling stroke.
Study finds increase in dance-related injuries in children and adolescents (w/ Video)
Dance is a beautiful form of expression, but it could be physically taxing and strenuous on the human body, particularly for children and adolescents. A new study by researchers at the Center for Injury Research and Policy of The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital examined dance-related injuries among children and adolescents 3 to 19 years of age from 1991 to 2007. During the 17-year study period, an estimated 113,000 children and adolescents were treated in U.S. emergency departments for dance-related injuries.
Cancer risk for African-American women with benign breast disease factors, study finds
A Wayne State University researcher has identified characteristics in benign breast disease associated with future cancer risk in African-American women.
Effective treatment for late infantile batten disease developed
Batten disease is a rare, fatal genetic disorder that affects children. Currently, no effective treatment exists for the disease, which ultimately kills all who are affected. Dachshunds also suffer from Batten disease, and now researchers from the University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Medicine, in collaboration with BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., have developed a treatment for the disease that has significantly delayed the onset and progression of symptoms in the Dachshunds. The effectiveness of the treatment in the dogs has been so encouraging that plans are underway to initiate human trials of the therapy in children.
Gun violence prevention experts call for more physician involvement
A new commentary in the Annals of Internal Medicine from researchers with The Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Policy and Research and University of California, Davis, calls for more physician engagement in the current gun policy dialogue.
White House warns of food safety cuts
(AP)—Impending across-the-board budget cuts could mean fewer government food safety inspections and higher prices for meat at the grocery store.
Bedbugs: Easy to attract, hard to eliminate
(HealthDay)—Death, taxes ... and bedbugs? Infestations of bedbugs are on the rise in the United States and elsewhere, and while people are "bedbug magnets," the tiny pests are hard to detect, an expert says.
Incidence of noncarotid vascular peri-op stroke 0.6 percent
(HealthDay)—The overall incidence of perioperative stroke is 0.6 percent within 30 days of noncarotid vascular surgery, and is associated with increased 30-day all-cause mortality and increased median surgical length of stay, according to a study published in the February issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia.
Electroacupuncture reduces duration of post-op ileus
(HealthDay)—Electroacupuncture reduces the duration of postoperative ileus and shortens hospital stay for patients treated with laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer, according to research published in the February issue of Gastroenterology.
Biopsy-based algorithm found accurate for small renal masses
(HealthDay)—Compared with final pathology, biopsy of small renal masses (SRMs) can be accurately used in a treatment algorithm to direct management, according to research published in the February issue of The Journal of Urology.
Review: Few effective, evidence-based interventions for children exposed to traumatic events
About two of every three children will experience at least one traumatic event before they turn 18. Despite this high rate of exposure, little is known about the effectiveness of treatments aimed at preventing and relieving traumatic stress symptoms that children may experience after such events, according to researchers at RTI International, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, the RTI-UNC Evidence-based Practice Center, and Boston Medical Center.
Exercise linked with reduced prostate cancer risk in Caucasians but not African Americans
A new study suggests that exercise may reduce Caucasian men's risk of developing prostate cancer. And among Caucasian men who do have prostate cancer, exercise may reduce their risk of having more serious forms of the disease. Unfortunately, the benefits do not seem to apply to African- American men. The study is published early online in Cancer.
Tumor blood vessels prevent the spread of cancer cells
A lack of the protein endoglin in the blood vessels of tumour-bearing mice enables the spread of daughter tumours, according to researchers at Karolinska Institutet and Lund University in Sweden in a study published in the scientific periodical The Journal of Experimental Medicine. Given that the tumour vasculature constitutes an important barrier to the spread of cancer cells, the team suggests that drugs should be developed to strengthen the blood vessels' protective function.
French police confounded by twins' DNA in rapes case
French police investigating a series of rapes in the southern city of Marseille are confounded after tracing DNA evidence to a set of twins but not knowing which one may be to blame.
China reports two human cases of bird flu
China reported two human cases of bird flu in the southwestern city of Guiyang on Sunday, with both patients in a critical condition, the official Xinhua news agency said.
Early dental care can help keep kids smiling for years to come
(HealthDay)—Every baby has a beautiful smile, and to keep it that way, parents should teach good dental habits at an early age, experts say.
What heals traumatized kids? Answers are lacking
Shootings and other traumatic events involving children are not rare events, but there's a startling lack of scientific evidence on the best ways to help young survivors and witnesses heal, a government-funded analysis found.
Lower blood pressure targets safe in reducing risk of recurrent stroke
Stroke patients who lowered their systolic blood pressure below 130 mm Hg were significantly less likely to have a recurrent stroke caused by a brain bleed compared with those who didn't lower their pressure that far, according to late-breaking science presented at the American Stroke Association's International Stroke Conference 2013.
Delay in breaking up blood clots means worse stroke outcome
Every 30-minute delay in breaking up a blood clot from a stroke was associated with a 10 percent decrease in the probability of a good outcome, regardless of other factors such as stroke severity, according to late-breaking research presented at the American Stroke Association's International Stroke Conference 2013.
Tea Party organizations have ties to tobacco industry dating back to 1980s, study finds
Rather than being a purely grassroots movement that arose spontaneously in 2009, the Tea Party developed in part as a result of tobacco industry efforts to oppose smoking restrictions and tobacco taxes beginning in the 1980s, according to a study by researchers at UC San Francisco.
Novel microscale epigenomics technology: Possible to study the epigenome of rare cell populations and biopsy samples
Scientists at A*STAR's Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) have successfully developed a method to map the epigenome using 100 times fewer cells than was previously possible. The discovery, published in the journal Developmental Cell, means that it is now possible to study the epigenome of parts of the body with rare cell populations such as germ cells (which differentiate into the egg or sperm), and clinical biopsy samples (to advance the study, diagnosis and prevention of cancer).
Carotid bypass surgery doesn't help cognitive performance after stroke
Surgery to bypass a blocked carotid artery in order to restore adequate blood flow to the brain does not improve cognitive performance in patients who've had a stroke or mini-stroke (TIA), according to research presented at the American Stroke Association's International Stroke Conference 2013.
Mystery bleeding disorders could be unraveled by new research efforts
(Medical Xpress)—Platelet disorders are heavily underdiagnosed, little understood and cannot be cured. University of Birmingham researchers and the Birmingham Platelet Group are running a UK-wide clinical trial 'Genotyping and platelet phenotyping' (GAPP) funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF). The trial includes lab research by BHF-funded scientist Dr Yotis Senis in an effort to better identify patients and potentially to develop new treatments.
Higher risk of stroke from common heart disease
(Medical Xpress)—Australians are being warned of a higher risk of stroke caused by the nation's most common heart rhythm disorder, atrial fibrillation.
Mystery disease unraveled by Stanford neurologist
(Medical Xpress)—At first, Marc Laderriere thought that his decreasing energy was just age catching up to him—he was about to be 50. But something about that explanation didn't sit right.
When it comes to love, men are the biggest risk takers
How far would you go to get the attention of the one you love?
Study suggests interacting with avatars may reduce depressive symptoms in young adults
Young adults, in a period of transition, are often reluctant to seek treatment for mental health problems because of the stigma, inadequate insurance coverage and difficulty finding a mental health care provider.
Female athletes overcome adversity
Elite female athletes often feel a sense of isolation and pressure to tackle personal and professional adversity on their own—even while struggling with issues such as bullying, eating disorders, depression and sexual abuse, according to research from the University of Alberta.
Babies are born earlier and smaller when males are scarce
(Medical Xpress)—In communities where Dad is more likely to be missing from the picture, more babies are born prematurely and of lower weight, according to a researcher from the University of Michigan School of Public Health and the Institute for Social Research Population Studies Center.
MRI scans gain attention as diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's detection
(Medical Xpress)—Scientists can now detect early features of Alzheimer's disease using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
Conservatism as a source of happiness
(Medical Xpress)—Conservatives are happier than liberals because of their strong ties to a large network of social groups, according to a study from The University of Queensland.
Positive family relationships linked to healthy marriages
(Medical Xpress)—Adolescents who have positive relationships with their parents and siblings tend to have stable and satisfying relationships in their early adult marriages as well as romantic relationships, a University of California, Davis, study has found.
Expressing love can improve your health
After giving a talk at a university in Texas, Kory Floyd received an unusual request from an audience member. The young man asked for a prescription for the health booster Floyd had discussed in his presentation.
Post-chemo woman pregnant after ovary tissue transplant
For the first time ever in Australia, a woman whose chemotherapy rendered her infertile has fallen pregnant using ovarian tissue taken from her body before her cancer treatment, a new study reports.
Online or off, bullying proves harmful
Children who are bullied online or by mobile phone are just as likely to skip school or consider suicide as kids who are physically bullied, according to a study led by a Michigan State University criminologist.
Study finds planned C-sections provide no advantage over planned vaginal birth of twins
In a study to be presented on February 14 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, researchers will report findings that suggest that planned birthing of twins at 32-38 weeks by cesarean section does not decrease perinatal or neonatal death compared to planned vaginal birth.
Study suggests genetic predisposition to brain injury after preterm birth is sex-specific
In a study to be presented on February 14 at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, in San Francisco, researchers will report that variation in a gene involved in inflammation is associated with developmental problems after preterm birth in females, but not males.
Teen births hit record low, CDC reports
(HealthDay)—Teen birth rates have dropped yet again, reaching a historic low, and the number of babies being born early or with a low birth weight has also declined, a new U.S. government report shows.
California dentists develop restorative crowns for kids
Two dentists-turned-entrepreneurs say they're part of the most revolutionary development in children's dental care "since fluoride."
Briton is 10th case of SARS-like virus
A British resident has been diagnosed with a potentially fatal SARS-like virus, British health authorities said on Monday, in the 10th confirmed case worldwide.
Community health workers help type 2 diabetes care
Newly published results from a randomized controlled clinical trial in the Pacific U.S. territory of American Samoa add clear evidence for the emerging idea that community health workers can meaningfully improve type 2 diabetes care in medically underserved communities.
Study finds difficulty obtaining pricing, varying costs for total hip replacement
Researchers who sought to determine whether pricing information for a total hip replacement could be obtained from hospitals and physicians found getting such information was often difficult and that there were wide variations in the quoted prices, according to a report published Online First by JAMA Internal Medicine.
Study suggests improved treatment alternative for lymphoid leukemia
Discovering what they call the "Achilles' heel" for lymphoid leukemia, an international research team has tested a possible alternative treatment that eradicated the disease in mouse models.
Mouse model improves understanding of clear cell sarcoma
Geneticists led by University of Utah Nobel Prize Laureate Mario R. Capecchi, Ph.D., have engineered mice that develop clear cell sarcoma (CCS), a significant step in better understanding how this rare and deadly soft tissue cancer arises. The mouse model also can potentially speed the development of drugs to target genes that must be activated for the cancer to form.
Infant gut microbiota influenced by caesarean section and breastfeeding practices
Method of birth (vaginal birth s. cesarean delivery) and feeding practices (breastfeeding v. formula-feeding) influence the development of gut bacteria in newborns and thus may affect lifelong health, according to a new study in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
Researchers identify genetic root to early-onset prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is often considered an elderly man's disease, and little is known about the approximately 2% of cases that arise in men who are aged 50 years or younger. Research published in the February 11th issue of the Cell Press journal Cancer Cell uncovers the genetic origin of such early-onset prostate cancer. The findings could help in the development of new diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic, and prevention strategies for the disease.
Underage youth drinking concentrated among small number of brands
A relatively small number of alcohol brands dominate underage youth alcohol consumption, according to a new report from researchers at the Boston University School of Public Health and the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth (CAMY) at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The report, published online by Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, is the first national study to identify the alcohol brands consumed by underage youth, and has important implications for alcohol research and policy.
Social networking approach to public health research raises hypoglycemia awareness
Hypoglycemia may be a much larger problem among patients with diabetes than is currently realized, according to a study of members of a diabetes-focused social network conducted by researchers in Boston Children's Hospital's Informatics Program (CHIP). The study shows how engaging patients in research through social networking may help augment traditional surveillance methods for public health research, while simultaneously offering opportunities to promote healthy behaviors among participants.
Reducing sodium in US may save hundreds of thousands of lives over 10 years
Less sodium in the U.S. diet could save 280,000 to 500,000 lives over 10 years, according to new research in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension.
High blood pressure during pregnancy may signal later heart disease risk
even once or twice during routine medical care—can signal substantially higher risks of heart and kidney disease and diabetes, according to new research in the American Heart Association journal Circulation.
Study examines Medicaid drug selection committees, potential conflicts of interest
An analysis of policy documents from Medicaid programs, suggests that current policies to manage conflicts of interest (COIs) of members of Medicaid drug selection committees are not transparent and vary widely, according to a report published Online First by JAMA Internal Medicine, a JAMA Network publication.
Analysis finds vitamin D potency varies widely in dietary supplements
Vitamin D supplement potency varies widely, and the amount of vitamin D in over-the counter and compounded supplements does not necessarily match the amount listed on the label, according to a research letter published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine.
Bisphenol A affects sex-specific reproductive behaviors in monogamous animal species
Parents, teachers and psychologists know boys and girls behave differently. However, that difference isn't taken into account by most methods used to assess the risk to children from chemical exposure, according to Cheryl Rosenfeld, associate professor of biomedical sciences in the University of Missouri's Bond Life Sciences Center. A series of experiments by Rosenfeld studied the effects of prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) on later reproductive-associated behaviors using a socially and genetically monogamous rodent, the California mouse, which may better mirror most human societies than other rodents.
Is lead poisoning behind some juvenile crime?
Lead is a common element but is found in old paints (including those once used on children's toys), soil, old piping, water, and the atmosphere from lead-containing vehicular fuels, even drinking vessels. At high dose it is lethal but also causes seemingly trivial symptoms such as headaches. However, in children lead can also lead to irreversible damage to the organs, the kidneys in particular, and the nervous system including the brain. Early detection to contaminated sources is important to prevent children coming to harm but exposure is not always apparent. The effects of high lead exposure amongst children can result in 'learning disabilities', behavioral problems, lowered intelligence, stunted growth, and hearing impairment.
Large study shows substance abuse rates higher in teenagers with ADHD
A new study published online in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry revealed a significantly higher prevalence of substance abuse and cigarette use by adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) histories than in those without ADHD. Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic of UPMC as well as six other health centers across the United States also found that, contrary to previous findings, current medications for ADHD do not counter the risk for substance abuse and substance use disorder (SUD) among teenagers.
Can computers save health care? Research shows lower costs, better outcomes
New research from Indiana University has found that machine learning - the same computer science discipline that helped create voice recognition systems, self-driving cars, and credit card fraud detection systems - can drastically improve both the cost and quality of health care in the United States.
Noisy classroom simulation aids comprehension in hearing-impaired children
Children with hearing loss struggle to hear in noisy school classrooms, even with the help of hearing aids and other devices to amplify their teacher's voice. Training the brain to filter out background noise and thus understand spoken words could help the academic performance and quality of life for children who struggle to hear, but there's been little evidence that such noise training works in youngsters.
Anxiety about relationships may lower immunity, increase vulnerability to illness
Concerns and anxieties about one's close relationships appear to function as a chronic stressor that can compromise immunity, according to new research.
Obesity, excess weight gain during pregnancy linked to heavier babies in African-American women
Epidemiologists at Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) have found that pre-pregnancy obesity and excess weight gain during pregnancy in African-American women are associated with an increased risk of giving birth to an abnormally large baby. Macrosomia, which is defined as a newborn weighing more than 4,000 grams at birth (approximately 8.8 pounds), can cause delivery complications such as hemorrhage, infection, the need for a caesarean section, preeclampsia and perinatal mortality. The study, which appears online in the journal Obesity, was conducted by researchers at the Slone Epidemiology Center using data from 59,000 African-American women participating in the Black Women's Health Study.
Vascular brain injury greater risk factor than amyloid plaques in cognitive aging
Vascular brain injury from conditions such as high blood pressure and stroke are greater risk factors for cognitive impairment among non-demented older people than is the deposition of the amyloid plaques in the brain that long have been implicated in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, a study by researchers at the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at UC Davis has found.
How you treat others may depend on whether you're single or attached
With Valentine's Day looming, many married couples will wish marital bliss for their single friends. At the same time, many singles will pity their coupled friends' loss of freedom. People like to believe that their way of life—whether single or coupled—is the best for everyone, especially if they think their relationship status is unlikely to change, according to a new study published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.
High prevalence of drug-resistant MRSA found in nursing homes
While most infection control measures are focused on hospitals, a new study points to the need for more targeted interventions to prevent the spread of drug-resistant bugs in nursing homes as community-associated strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are on the rise in these facilities. The study is published in the March issue of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, the journal of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.
New details on the molecular machinery of cancer
Researchers with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have provided important new details into the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a cell surface protein that has been strongly linked to a large number of cancers and is a major target of cancer therapies.
Deep genomic analysis identifies a micro RNA opponent for ovarian cancer
Researchers employed an extensive analysis of genomic information to identify a new, high-risk cohort of ovarian cancer patients, characterize their tumors, find a potential treatment and test it in mouse models of the disease.
Newly identified natural protein blocks HIV, other deadly viruses
A team of UCLA-led researchers has identified a protein with broad virus-fighting properties that potentially could be used as a weapon against deadly human pathogenic viruses such as HIV, Ebola, Rift Valley Fever, Nipah and others designated "priority pathogens" for national biosecurity purposes by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease.
ADHD symptoms persist for most young children despite treatment
Nine out of 10 young children with moderate to severe attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continue to experience serious, often severe symptoms and impairment long after their original diagnoses and, in many cases, despite treatment, according to a federally funded multi-center study led by investigators at Johns Hopkins Children's Center.
Virtual vehicle vibrations
"Sit up straight in your chair!" That command given by countless parents to their children may one day be delivered by vehicle designers to a robot that is actually a computerized model of a long-distance truck driver or other heavy equipment operator, thanks to a University of Iowa research program.
One-two punch strategy against bacteria and cancer
Cancer researchers from Rice University suggest that a new man-made drug that's already proven effective at killing cancer and drug-resistant bacteria could best deliver its knockout blow when used in combination with drugs made from naturally occurring toxins.
TB infection rates set to 'turn clock back to 1930s'
During the 1930s, dedicated sanitaria and invasive surgery were commonly prescribed for those with the infection - usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which the editors describe as "the most successful human pathogen of all time."
Strokes associated with surgery can be devastating
Strokes that occur during or shortly after surgery can be devastating, resulting in longer hospital stays and increased risks of death or long-term disability.
Prostate-specific antigen screening: Values and techniques shape decisions
What's most important to a man as he decides whether or not to undergo prostate-specific antigen- PSA- screening for prostate cancer? What does he value most about the screening? And what's the best way to present the information to help him make an appropriate decision for himself?
Flu levels starting to fall, CDC says
(HealthDay)—The flu seems to be easing its grip on the United States, federal health officials reported Friday.
Old drug may point the way to new treatments for diabetes and obesity
Researchers at the University of Michigan's Life Sciences Institute have found that amlexanox, an off-patent drug currently prescribed for the treatment of asthma and other uses, also reverses obesity, diabetes and fatty liver in mice.
24 new genes for short-sightedness identified
An international team of scientists led by King's College London has discovered 24 new genes that cause refractive errors and myopia (short-sightedness).
Scientists discover promising target to block Staphylococcus infection
National Institutes of Health (NIH) scientists have identified a promising lead for developing a new type of drug to treat infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium that frequently resists traditional antibiotics.
Researchers develop molecular 'calcium sponge' to tackle heart failure
Researchers at the University of Minnesota's Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology and the Lillehei Heart Institute have utilized molecular genetic engineering to optimize heart performance in models of diastolic heart failure by creating an optimized protein that can aid in high-speed relaxation similar to fast twitching muscles.
Genetically engineered virus kills liver cancer
A genetically-engineered virus tested in 30 terminally-ill liver cancer patients significantly prolonged their lives, killing tumours and inhibiting the growth of new ones, scientists reported on Sunday.
Researchers discover how some natural antibodies are able to stop flu
(Medical Xpress)—Researchers with the Scripps Institute have discovered that three naturally occurring antibodies are able to overcome flu mutations by attaching to a non-changing protein in the flu virus. As they describe in their paper published in the journal Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, they have found that the antibodies that are able to defeat the flu mutations can also stop an infection.
Lovers' hearts beat in sync, study says
(Medical Xpress)—When modern-day crooner Trey Songz sings, "Cause girl, my heart beats for you," in his romantic ballad, "Flatline," his lyrics could be telling a tale that's as much physiological as it is emotional, according to a University of California, Davis, study that found lovers' hearts indeed beat for each other, or at least at the same rate.
Kidney disease mutations found in a genomic blind spot
(Medical Xpress)—Advances in DNA sequencing technology during the past decade have given scientists powerful tools to peer into the genomes of humans and other species. Despite the efficiency and sophistication of these technologies – known as massively parallel, or next-generation, sequencers – some of the genome's secrets still remain hidden.
Researchers show how blood vessels regroup after stroke
Rice scientists simulate "robot" cells to study the development of microvascular systems in the brain. The goal is to find a way to direct the development of vessels that feed oxygen-starved cells in stroke and neurodegenerative disease patients.
Mouse models fail to reproduce inflammatory genomic response to serious injuries
Existing mouse models do not appear to accurately reproduce the human genomic response to serious traumatic injury, including major burns, according to an article appearing in PNAS Early Edition.
Unchecked antibiotic use in animals may affect global human health
The increasing production and use of antibiotics, about half of which is used in animal production, is mirrored by the growing number of antibiotic resistance genes, or ARGs, effectively reducing antibiotics' ability to fend off diseases – in animals and humans.
Potential treatment prevents damage from prolonged seizures
A new type of prophylactic treatment for brain injury following prolonged epileptic seizures has been developed by Emory University School of Medicine investigators.
Stem cell discovery gives insight into motor neurone disease
A discovery using stem cells from a patient with motor neurone disease could help research into treatments for the condition. The study used a patient's skin cells to create motor neurons - nerve cells that control muscle activity - and the cells that support them called astrocytes.
Researchers identify new strategy for interfering with potent cancer-causing gene
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer that is currently incurable in 70% of patients. In a bold effort, CSHL scientists are among those identifying and characterizing the molecular mechanisms responsible for this cancer in order to generate potential new therapeutics.
Researchers find possible genetic clues to organ development, birth defects (w/ Video)
(Medical Xpress)—Using cutting-edge time-lapse photography, University of Southern California (USC) researchers have discovered clues to the development of the head at the cellular level, which could point scientists to a better understanding of how organs and birth defects form in humans.
Genes for autism and schizophrenia only active in developing brains
Genes linked to autism and schizophrenia are only switched on during the early stages of brain development, according to a study in mice led by researchers at the University of Oxford.
Biology news
Pygmy sperm whale washes ashore Cayman Islands
A rare pygmy sperm whale has washed ashore the Cayman Islands and died.
Man's relationship with nature gone wrong, expert says
Jane Goodall greets the audience by imitating a chimpanzee, then launches into an hour-long talk on her relationship with apes and how, from being a primatologist, she became an activist to protect them.
World's rarest antelope GPS collared for first time
A first ever attempt to GPS collar wild hirola in their native range has been hailed a success by conservationists from the Zoological Society of London (ZSL).
To quiver or to shiver: Explaining warning signal diversity in wood tiger moths
A central question in evolutionary biology is what causes the diversity of appearance seen in animals of the same species? Diversity is the raw material evolution has to act on, and this is why it is important to study the processes causing diversity. However, organisms that possess warning signals telling that they are unpalatable are not really expected to have very diverse forms of coloration. Such organisms are known as "aposematic," and a similar looking coloration which acts as a warning signal is a way to make sure that potential predators will recognize and avoid them. It is especially interesting to take a look at the cause of diversity in the appearance of aposematic species because it is not predicted.
Can simple measures of labile soil organic matter predict corn performance?
Organic matter is important for soil health and crop productivity. While an indicator of soil quality, a lot of organic matter is in extremely stable forms, and the nutrients in such forms are difficult for plants to use. The active, labile fraction, however, is a modest but important part of the organic matter.
2012 US shark attacks highest since 2000
Shark attacks in the U.S. reached a decade high in 2012, while worldwide fatalities remained average, according to the University of Florida's International Shark Attack File report released today.
World's largest crocodile dies in Philippines
The world's largest saltwater crocodile in captivity has died in the Philippines, 17 months after the suspected man-eater was hunted down and put on display for tourists, according to his caretakers.
Two new salamander species discovered by Colombian researchers
(Phys.org)—A team of young researchers from Colombia have recently published an article in the journal Zootaxa describing two new species of salamander discovered during a project supported by the Conservation Leadership Programme and Save Our Species.
Virus helps scientists identify 'who's who' among two veggie enemies
Natural warfare between a virus and a Pseudomonas bacterium is helping U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists continue to learn about the bacterium's ability to kill arugula, broccoli, and several other cruciferous vegetables.
Histone modification controls development: Researchers demonstrate that chemical tags on histones regulate gene activity
Every gene in the nucleus of an animal or plant cell is packaged into a beads-on-a-string like structure called nucleosomes: the DNA of the gene forms the string and a complex of proteins called histones forms the beads around which the DNA is wrapped.
Nature counting on global unity in preventing biodiversity loss
Biodiversity is vital to the survival of the human race. We rely on biodiversity for medicine, the growth of our crops, the purity of our water systems and the durability of our rainforests. But biodiversity is diminishing at an alarming rate. It is estimated that 0.1% of the world's species become extinct every year. For every species that goes extinct, its associated species – parasites, predators, prey – are also affected.
The ants come marching: First field guide identifies 132 kinds in New England
"To know them is to love them," proclaimed the big-screen slide projected behind Aaron Ellison at the Harvard Museum of Natural History. That's not a description usually associated with ants.
Florida python hunt yielding relatively few snakes
Fewer than 48 hours remain in Florida's Python Challenge, and the snake kill count is - wait for it - 50. Same as it was Tuesday.
Studying bed bug actions for new management tactics
Learning more about the behavior of bed bugs is one approach being used by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists to identify compounds to help control these pests.
Lack of energy an enemy to antibiotic-resistant microbes
(Phys.org)—Rice University researchers "cured" a strain of bacteria of its ability to resist an antibiotic in an experiment that has implications for a long-standing public health crisis.
Birds evolved ultraviolet vision several times, research finds
Ultraviolet vision evolved at least eight times in birds from a common violet sensitive ancestor finds a study published in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Evolutionary Biology. All of these are due to single nucleotide changes in the DNA.
Simple computer models unravel genetic stress reactions in cells
(Phys.org)—Many questions arise when two identical twins raised in the same home—fed the same, nurtured the same way—follow disparate paths. How can the identical offspring of a single egg turn out so differently?
Dogs may understand human point of view, researcher finds
(Phys.org)—Domestic dogs are much more likely to steal food when they think nobody can see them, suggesting for the first time they are capable of understanding a human's point of view.
Researchers find Asian needle ants displacing other aggressive invaders
Researchers from North Carolina State University have found that one of the most aggressive invasive ant species in the United States – the Argentine ant – appears to have met its match in the Asian needle ant. Specifically, the researchers have found that the Asian needle ant is successfully displacing Argentine ants in an urban environment, indicating that the Asian needle ant – with its venomous sting – may be the next invasive species to see a population boom.
Large, ancient landslides delivered preferred upstream habitats for coho salmon
A study of the Umpqua River basin in the Oregon Coast Range helps explain natural processes behind the width of valleys and provides potentially useful details for river restoration efforts designed to improve habitats for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).
Cell circuits remember their history: Engineers design new synthetic biology circuits that combine memory and logic
MIT engineers have created genetic circuits in bacterial cells that not only perform logic functions, but also remember the results, which are encoded in the cell's DNA and passed on for dozens of generations.
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