Thursday, December 6, 2012

SciBX: Science-Business eXchange Contents: December 6 2012, Volume 5 / Issue 47

SciBX: Science-Business eXchange

TABLE OF CONTENTS

December 6 2012, Volume 5 / Issue 47

Analysis

Cover Story
Translational Notes
Targets and Mechanisms
Tools

The Distillery: Therapeutics

Autoimmune disease
Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Gastrointestinal disease
Hematology
Infectious disease
Inflammation
Neurology

The Distillery: Techniques

Assays and screens
Disease models
Drug platforms
Imaging
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Analysis

Cover Story

Top

A current affair in MS
Tracey Baas
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1223
A European team has used the diabetes drug glibenclamide to block inflammation-induced neurodegeneration in mice. The team plans to test the nonspecific inhibitor of the cationic channel TRPM4 in an investigator-led clinical trial in multiple sclerosis and is looking for pharma partners to develop more specific antagonists of the target.
Full Text | PDF

Translational Notes

Top

Genomics in the Big Apple
Tim Fulmer
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1224
The New York Genome Center launched its translational research unit last week with the appointment of Robert Darnell as president and scientific director. Darnell will oversee the development of internal research projects as well as the hiring of researchers to fill out the unit.
Full Text | PDF

Targets and Mechanisms

Top

Thinking outside the amyloid box
Lev Osherovich
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1225
Therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease that aim to reduce levels of β-amyloid have thus far come up empty-handed in the clinic. Now, two European teams have proposed contrasting strategies focused on hitting intermediate protein fragments and enzymatic steps in the pathway that produces amyloid.
Full Text | PDF

Tools

Top

Micromanaging tolerance
Kai-Jye Lou
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1226
Researchers at Northwestern University and the Myelin Repair Foundation have simplified an autologous cell-based strategy for promoting antigen-specific tolerance by replacing splenic leukocytes with synthetic microparticles as the antigen carrier. The groups are planning to first develop the therapy and establish proof of concept in autoimmune indications for which the key antigen is known before moving forward in MS.
Full Text | PDF

Distillery: Therapeutics

Autoimmune disease

Top

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA; FOLH1; GCPII)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1227
Human and mouse studies suggest inhibiting GCPII could help treat cognitive impairments associated with MS.
Full Text | PDF

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1228
Patient sample and mouse studies suggest inhibiting TRPM4 could help treat MS.
Full Text | PDF

Cancer

Top

Not applicable
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1229
An in vitro study identified a small molecule inhibitor of breast cancer stem cell growth that could help treat the disease.
Full Text | PDF

Glycogen liver phosphorylase (PYGL)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1230
A study in mice suggests inhibiting PYGL could help treat hypoxic tumors.
Full Text | PDF

Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1231
In vitro studies identified an HDAC8-selective inhibitor that could help treat cancer.
Full Text | PDF

Protein kinase B (PKB; PKBA; AKT; AKT1)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1232
In vitro studies suggest identifying the type of AKT1 mutations in patients with cancer could help guide treatment decisions.
Full Text | PDF

Transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGFβ-RII; TGFBR2); mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1233
In vitro studies suggest inhibiting TGFBR2 could help prevent resistance to targeted therapies in lung cancer.
Full Text | PDF

Cardiovascular disease

Top

Angiopoietin-like 8 (ANGPTL8); ANGPTL3
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1234
In vitro and mouse studies suggest inhibiting activation of ANGPTL8 or ANGPTL3 could help treat hyperlipidemia.
Full Text | PDF

Gastrointestinal disease

Top

Calcineurin
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1235
In vitro and mouse studies suggest inhibiting calcineurin could help treat biliary pancreatitis.
Full Text | PDF

Hematology

Top

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1236
Mouse studies suggest blocking DPP-4 could help prevent neutropenia during chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Full Text | PDF

Infectious disease

Top

Not applicable
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1237
Mouse studies suggest a mutant form of SARS-associated coronavirus could be used to vaccinate against the infection.
Full Text | PDF

Inflammation

Top

Tumor necrosis factor-α–induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6; TSG6)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1238
Mouse studies suggest TSG6 inhibition could help treat asthma.
Full Text | PDF

Neurology

Top

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E); eIF4E binding protein 2 (eIF4EBP2)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1239
Mouse studies suggest inhibition of eIF4E signaling could help treat autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Full Text | PDF

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1240
Mouse studies suggest TIMP3 could help treat traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Full Text | PDF

Opiate receptor-like 1 (OPRL1)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1241
Rat and primate studies suggest OPRL1 agonists could help treat dyskinesias induced by the PD drug L-dopa.
Full Text | PDF

Distillery: Techniques

Assays and screens

Top

Profiling tumor-derived microvesicles in the blood of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1242
A microfluidic system for profiling tumor-derived microvesicles in the blood of patients with GBM could help guide treatment decisions.
Full Text | PDF

Disease models

Top

Mouse model for Parkinson's disease (PD)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1243
Nontransgenic mice receiving α-synuclein (SNCA) could be useful for studying pathogenesis of PD and evaluating therapeutic candidates.
Full Text | PDF

Drug platforms

Top

Engineered HPV particles that encapsulate viral genes for intravaginal vaccination against infection
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1244
Mouse studies suggest intravaginal immunization using engineered HPV particles could help protect against mucosal pathogens.
Full Text | PDF

Optogenetic gene therapy to treat focal neocortical epilepsy
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1245
Rat studies suggest optogenetic gene therapy could help treat focal neocortical epilepsy.
Full Text | PDF

Peptide-linked microparticles for inducing immune tolerance
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1246
Mouse studies suggest peptide-linked microparticles that induce immune tolerance could be useful for treating immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS).
Full Text | PDF

Imaging

Top

Imaging immune disease using multicolor light sheet fluorescent microscopy (LSFM)
doi:10.1038/scibx.2012.1247
High-resolution LSFM could help characterize the immune response in preclinical disease models.
Full Text | PDF

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