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Here is your customized Phys.org Newsletter for week 49:
Goodbye, fluorescent light bulbs: New lighting technology won't flicker, shatter or burn out
Say goodbye to that annoying buzz created by overhead fluorescent light bulbs in your office. Scientists at Wake Forest University have developed a flicker-free, shatterproof alternative for large-scale lighting.
Researchers discover fastest light-driven process
(Phys.org)�A discovery that promises transistors � the fundamental part of all modern electronics � controlled by laser pulses that will be 10,000 faster than today's fastest transistors has been made by a Georgia State University professor and international researchers.
At last, how many alien civilizations are there?
During the space age, 1961 was a special year: the Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to orbit Earth, while the American astronomer Frank Drake developed the now famous Drake Equation. This equation estimates the number of detectable extraterrestrial civilizations in our Milky Way galaxy, supposing our present electromagnetic detection methods. The Drake equation states:
Voyager 1 encounters new region in deep space, NASA says
(Phys.org)�NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft has entered a new region at the far reaches of our solar system that scientists feel is the final area the spacecraft has to cross before reaching interstellar space.
Nanostructures triple organic solar cells efficiency
Princeton researchers have found a simple and economic way to nearly triple the efficiency of organic solar cells, the cheap and flexible plastic devices that many scientists believe could be the future of solar power.
Search for life suggests solar systems more habitable than ours
(Phys.org)�Scattered around the Milky Way are stars that resemble our own sun�but a new study is finding that any planets orbiting those stars may very well be hotter and more dynamic than Earth.
Physicists extend entanglement in Einstein experiment
(Phys.org)�Using a photon fission process, physicists have split a single photon into a pair of daughter photons and then split one of the daughter photons into a pair of granddaughters to create a total of three photons. All three photons, the scientists showed, share quantum correlations between their energies (corresponding to their momentums) and between their emission times (corresponding to their positions). The study marks the first experimental demonstration of energy-time entanglement of three or more individual particles, building on the original two-particle version proposed by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) 77 years ago.
Caltech engineers invent light-focusing device
(Phys.org)�As technology advances, it tends to shrink. From cell phones to laptops�powered by increasingly faster and tinier processors�everything is getting thinner and sleeker. And now light beams are getting smaller, too.
Code used by RI founding father is finally cracked
The obscure book's margins are virtually filled with clusters of curious foreign characters - a mysterious shorthand used by 17th century religious dissident Roger Williams.
Oxygen nucleus with twice as many neutrons as normal is shown to be surprisingly stable
The nucleus at the heart of an atom is held together by a subtle balance between the nuclear force that binds protons and neutrons and the electric repulsion that tries to fling the positively charged protons apart. Understanding how the number of nucleons�the collective term for protons and neutrons�affects this balance is crucial for predicting nuclear processes such as radioactive decay. RIKEN researchers, working as part of an international team, have now shown that 'heavy' oxygen nuclei with 16 neutrons form into a solid ball, which makes them unexpectedly stable.
Scientists develop indium-free organic light-emitting diodes
(Phys.org)�Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Ames Laboratory have discovered new ways of using a well-known polymer in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), which could eliminate the need for an increasingly problematic and breakable metal-oxide used in screen displays in computers, televisions, and cell phones.
New '4-D' transistor is preview of future computers
(Phys.org)�A new type of transistor shaped like a Christmas tree has arrived just in time for the holidays, but the prototype won't be nestled under the tree along with the other gifts.
Cork the key to unlocking the potential of graphene
Scientists have taken inspiration from one of the oldest natural materials to exploit the extraordinary qualities of graphene, a material set to revolutionise fields from computers and batteries to composite materials.
Doctoral student unravels 'tin whisker' mystery
(Phys.org)�Americans love their electronics, and millions will undoubtedly receive everything from flat-screen TVs and e-readers to video games and coffee makers this holiday season. Over time, even the best of these devices inexplicably stop working. Often it's not worth the time and money to have them repaired, but the nagging question of "why" still lingers long after they're thrown in the trash.
New light on the Nazca Lines
The first findings of the most detailed study yet by two British archaeologists into the Nazca Lines � enigmatic drawings created between 2,100 and 1,300 years ago in the Peruvian desert � have been published in the latest issue of the journal Antiquity.
Experiment confirms existence of odd particle
Scientists working on the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider have confirmed the existence of an odd, puzzling particle first observed a few years ago at DOE's Tevatron particle collider. Members of the CMS collaboration announced on Nov. 14 that they had spotted the curious object, dubbed Y(4140), which scientists had discovered at the CDF experiment at Fermilab.
What happens to plant growth when you remove gravity?
It is well known that plant growth patterns are influenced by a variety of stimuli, gravity being one amongst many. On Earth plant roots exhibit characteristic behaviours called 'waving' and 'skewing', which were thought to be gravity-dependent events. However, Arabidopsis plants grown on the International Space Station (ISS) have proved this theory wrong, according to a study published in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Plant Biology: root 'waving' and 'skewing' occur in spaceflight plants independently of gravity.
Dopamine not about pleasure (anymore)
(Medical Xpress)�To John Salamone, professor of psychology and longtime researcher of the brain chemical dopamine, scientific research can be very slow-moving.
Astronomers discover and 'weigh' youngest still-forming planetary system yet found
Astronomers have found the youngest still-forming solar system yet seen, an infant star surrounded by a swirling disk of dust and gas more than 450 light-years from Earth in the constellation Taurus.
Professors claim the English language derives from Scandinavia
Two leading Professors have rejected the idea that English descends from Anglo-Saxon, and instead claim they have proof that its origin derives from Scandinavia.
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