Nature Photonics contents December 2012 Volume 6 Number 12 pp795-874

Advertisement Direct writing of photonic and waveguides devices without stitching errors? Visit Raith and learn why FBMS writing does not induce stitching errors in Raith electron and ion beam lithography systems. TABLE OF CONTENTS December 2012 Volume 6, Issue 12 Editorial Commentary Books and Arts Research Highlights News and Views Review Letters Articles Erratum Corrigendum Interview Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Materials web focus: 25 years of photonic crystals This year marks a quarter of a century since the birth of the field of photonic crystals. Largely stimulated by the early works of Eli Yablonovitch and Sajeev John, it has become a major area at the interface of photonics and condensed matter physics. This web focus explores the early history of the field, the challenges that had to be overcome before it gained broader acceptance, the wider scientific and technological impact it has had, as well as the new directions it is now moving in. Free online access to registered nature.com users until 18 December 2012.   Editorial Top Remembering the laser diode   p795 doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.310 Fifty years ago, researchers at a handful of laboratories around the world were reporting lasing from the first semiconductor lasers. Our IT infrastructure today relies on their diligence and success. Commentary Top Fraunhofer research model comes to the UK   pp796 - 797 Oliver Graydon doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.309 The opening of the Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics in Glasgow will provide valuable and much-needed support for the photonics industry in the UK. Books and Arts Top New titles at a glance   p799 A History of Optics by Olivier Darrigol doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.297 Research Highlights Top Optical manipulation: The photonic trampoline | Solar cells: Efficient recombination | Metamaterials: Negative in two bands | Extreme-ultraviolet sources: Sub-10-nm success | Terahertz imaging: Birefringence in one take | Graphene metamaterials: Switching terahertz waves | Quantum metrology: Squeeze with care | Optical traps: Cooling gradients | Nanophotonics: Luminescent QR codes News and Views Top Microscopy: Fast and label-free   pp802 - 803 Hervé Rigneault and Esben Andresen doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.301 Researchers at Osaka University in Japan have developed a hyperspectral stimulated Raman microscope that can image the chemical bonds in living tissues at video rates. See also: Article by Ozeki et al. Laser fabrication: Folding three-dimensional microstructures   p804 Noriaki Horiuchi doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.308 Optical materials: Inspired by strain   pp804 - 806 Arend van der Zande and James Hone doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.303 Researchers at Peking University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology propose the use of strain engineering to create a broadband solar 'funnel' in an atomically thin sheet of MoS2. See also: Article by Feng et al. View from... 73rd JSAP autumn meeting 2012: The search for high efficiency   pp806 - 807 Noriaki Horiuchi doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.305 Tandem solar cells, inverted triple-junction solar cells and photonic-crystal-based solar cells were among the photovoltaic devices discussed at the 73rd Autumn Meeting of the Japan Society of Applied Physics. View from... Group IV Photonics: Industry meets academia   pp807 - 808 David Pile doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.311 Silicon photonics and devices based on group IV elements are overcoming the tough economic downturns that have rocked industry over the past 12 years. Cross fertilization between academia and industry may lead to new devices that are both innovative and profitable. Photonics JOBS of the week PhD in Photonics - femtosecond laser applications: Tulsa, OK, United States Oklahoma State University Assistant Professor in Photonics University of Tokyo Post-doctoral position in Photonics Lab @ UCLA Bahram Jalali Post-doctoral position in Nanophotonics Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Tenure-track Position Applied Physics Cornell University More Science jobs from Photonics EVENT Latin American Optics & Photonics Conference 10.-13.11.12 Sao Sebastiao, Brazil More science events from Review Top Past achievements and future challenges in the development of optically transparent electrodes   pp809 - 817 Klaus Ellmer doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.282 Increasing demand for raw materials means that alternatives to indium-tin oxide are desired for optically transparent electrode applications. Carbon nanotube, metal nanowire networks and regular metal grids have been investigated as possible options. In this review, these materials and recently rediscovered graphene are compared with the usual transparent conductive oxides. Letters Top Silk inverse opals   pp818 - 823 Sunghwan Kim, Alexander N. Mitropoulos, Joshua D. Spitzberg, Hu Tao, David L. Kaplan and Fiorenzo G. Omenetto doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.264 Researchers bring together silk and photonic crystals and report the manufacturing of robust, freestanding, three-dimensional photonic crystals with different lattice constants in the structural form of an inverse opal entirely composed of silk fibroin. These silk-based inverse opals add a new dimension at the interface of nanophotonics and biological applications. Highly efficient water splitting by a dual-absorber tandem cell   pp824 - 828 Jeremie Brillet, Jun-Ho Yum, Maurin Cornuz, Takashi Hisatomi, Renata Solarska, Jan Augustynski, Michael Graetzel and Kevin Sivula doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.265 A photoelectrochemical cell made from combining a dye sensitized solar cell with a semiconductor-oxide photoanode is demonstrated to perform water splitting with an efficiency of up to 3.1%. As the scheme uses relatively inexpensive materials and fabrication techniques it could provide a cost effective approach to hydrogen production. Attosecond lighthouses from plasma mirrors   pp829 - 833 Jonathan A. Wheeler, Antonin Borot, Sylvain Monchocé, Henri Vincenti, Aurélien Ricci, Arnaud Malvache, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens & Fabien Quéré doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.284 Scientists demonstrate a simple approach for separating a nonlinearly generated attosecond pulse train into multiple beams of isolated attosecond pulses that propagate in different and controlled directions away from the plasma surface. The approach involves rotating the propagation direction of an intense few-cycle laser field as it interacts with a solid-density plasma. Superdiffusion in optically controlled active media   pp834 - 837 Kyle M. Douglass, Sergey Sukhov and Aristide Dogariu doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.278 Researchers optically control an active medium. Strong light-matter interaction causes superdiffusion that is controllable by the input optical power. The idea may be applied to exploring nonequilibrium thermodynamics of soft-matter or enable new possibilities for the coherent control of strongly coupled, complex systems. Articles Top Nanofocusing in a metal-insulator-metal gap plasmon waveguide with a three-dimensional linear taper   pp838 - 844 Hyuck Choo, Myung-Ki Kim, Matteo Staffaroni, Tae Joon Seok, Jeffrey Bokor, Stefano Cabrini, P. James Schuck, Ming C. Wu and Eli Yablonovitch doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.277 Researchers experimentally demonstrate efficient nanofocusing in gap plasmon waveguides tapered in both transverse dimensions. Two-photon luminescence measurements show an intensity enhancement of 400 within a 14-by-80 nm2 area at the tapers narrow end, with a transmittance of 74%. High-speed molecular spectral imaging of tissue with stimulated Raman scattering   pp845 - 851 Yasuyuki Ozeki, Wataru Umemura, Yoichi Otsuka, Shuya Satoh, Hiroyuki Hashimoto, Kazuhiko Sumimura, Norihiko Nishizawa, Kiichi Fukui and Kazuyoshi Itoh doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.263 Video-rate imaging of various types of biological tissue is reported using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. The label-free scheme offers molecular specificity and frame-by-frame wavelength tunability allowing the creation of 2D and 3D images of samples showing different constituents. See also: News and Views by Rigneault & Andresen Ultrafast X-ray pulse characterization at free-electron lasers   pp852 - 857 I. Grguraš, A. R. Maier, C. Behrens, T. Mazza, T. J. Kelly, P. Radcliffe, S. Düsterer, A. K. Kazansky, N. M. Kabachnik, Th. Tschentscher, J. T. Costello, M. Meyer, M. C. Hoffmann, H. Schlarb & A. L. Cavalieris doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.276 Researchers use single-cycle THz pulses from an optical laser to extend streaking techniques of attosecond metrology to measure the temporal profile and arrival time of individual FEL pulses with ~5 fs precision. Ultra-efficient ionization of heavy atoms by intense X-ray free-electron laser pulses   pp858 - 865 Benedikt Rudek, Sang-Kil Son, Lutz Foucar, Sascha W. Epp, Benjamin Erk, Robert Hartmann, Marcus Adolph, Robert Andritschke, Andrew Aquila, Nora Berrah, Christoph Bostedt, John Bozek, Nicola Coppola, Frank Filsinger, Hubert Gorke, Tais Gorkhover, Heinz Graafsma, Lars Gumprecht, Andreas Hartmann, Günter Hauser, Sven Herrmann, Helmut Hirsemann, Peter Holl, André Hömke, Loic Journel, Christian Kaiser, Nils Kimmel, Faton Krasniqi, Kai-Uwe Kühnel, Michael Matysek, Marc Messerschmidt, Danilo Miesner, Thomas Möller, Robert Moshammer, Kiyonobu Nagaya, Björn Nilsson, Guillaume Potdevin, Daniel Pietschner, Christian Reich, Daniela Rupp, Gerhard Schaller, Ilme Schlichting, Carlo Schmidt, Florian Schopper, Sebastian Schorb, Claus-Dieter Schröter, Joachim Schulz, Marc Simon, Heike Soltau, Lothar Strüder, Kiyoshi Ueda, Georg Weidenspointner, Robin Santra, Joachim Ullrich, Artem Rudenko & Daniel Rolles doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.261 Researchers create high ionization states, up to Xe36+, using 1.5 keV free-electron laser pulses. The higher than expected ionization may be due to transient resonance-enhanced absorption and the effect may play an important role in interactions of intense X-rays with high-Z elements and radiation damage. Strain-engineered artificial atom as a broad-spectrum solar energy funnel   pp866 - 872 Ji Feng, Xiaofeng Qian, Cheng-Wei Huang and Ju Li doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.285 A highly strained ultrathin membrane of MoS2 could lead to the creation of a solar funnel, a new form of solar cell which absorbs a much broader range of the solar spectrum that a usual single junction device. See also: News and Views by van der Zande & Hone Erratum Top Ultrafast acousto-magneto-plasmonics   p872 Vasily V. Temnov doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.326 Corrigendum Top Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis with high pixel density   p872 Keith Mathieson, James Loudin, Georges Goetz, Philip Huie, Lele Wang, Theodore I. Kamins, Ludwig Galambos, Richard Smith, James S. Harris, Alexander Sher and Daniel Palanker doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.327 Interview Top Stripping atoms   p874 doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.304 Researchers can now remove 36 electrons from a xenon atom using a pulse of high-energy photons from a free-electron laser. Nature Photonics spoke with Daniel Rolles to learn about the process and why the ionization is stronger than expected. Top Advertisement Subscribe to Nature Photonics Providing a unique forum for all aspects of photonics and opto- electronics. 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