Nature Cell Biology contents: November 2012 Volume 14 Number 11, pp 1113 - 1231

Advertisement Small Reactor – Big Results With CELLSTAR® CELLreactor™ • Innovative: 50 ml filter tube for suspension cultures • Safe: USP VI-certified 0.2 µm PTFE-coated capillary • membrane • Fast: Facilitates parallel experiments • Simple: Cultivation and harvest in one tube • Easy: Mixing by standard equipment More: www.gbo.com/bioscience/cellreactor TABLE OF CONTENTS November 2012 Volume 14, Issue 11 Editorial Review News and Views Research Highlights Articles Letter Corrigendum Erratum Advertisement Powerfully Simple – Operetta High Content Imaging System Don't let your high content analysis be hindered by confusing technology and complicated software. With the Operetta® High Content Imaging System, you get the power and simplicity you need to quickly and easily turn images into unbiased quantitative data and advance your research. Watch the video The publication of this issue was delayed due to Hurricane Sandy closing our New York offices temporarily. We apologize for any inconvenience caused. Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement READ and INCUBATE CELLS in parallel Tecan's NEW CO2/O2 Gas Control Module for Infinite 200 PRO! • Consistent physiological conditions • Simultaneous CO2 and O2 • No transport of cell cultures from incubator to reader • Complete data sets overnight Learn more   Editorial Top The Lasker Awards: motors take centre stage   p1113 doi:10.1038/ncb2618 Michael Sheetz, James Spudich and Ronald Vale have been awarded the prestigious Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award for their work on cytoskeletal motors. Nature Cell Biology joins the scientific community in congratulating the awardees and in celebrating the importance of basic research in furthering scientific endeavour. Review Top The functions of microRNAs in pluripotency and reprogramming   pp1114 - 1121 Trevor R. Leonardo, Heather L. Schultheisz, Jeanne F. Loring and Louise C. Laurent doi:10.1038/ncb2613 Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) express a distinctive set of microRNAs (miRNAs). Many of these miRNAs have similar targeting sequences and are predicted to regulate downstream targets cooperatively. These enriched miRNAs are involved in the regulation of the unique PSC cell cycle, and there is increasing evidence that they also influence other important characteristics of PSCs, including their morphology, epigenetic profile and resistance to apoptosis. Detailed studies of miRNAs and their targets in PSCs should help to parse the regulatory networks that underlie developmental processes and cellular reprogramming. News and Views Top Setting Snail2's pace during EMT   pp1122 - 1123 Haritha Mathsyaraja and Michael C. Ostrowski doi:10.1038/ncb2616 Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in both development and cancer progression. The transcription factor Elf5 is now reported as an upstream regulator of the key EMT inducer Snail2, and is shown to regulate the earliest known rewiring events required for tumour cell invasiveness and metastasis. See also: Article by Chakrabarti et al. Atypical E2Fs drive atypical cell cycles   pp1124 - 1125 Joy H. Meserve and Robert J. Duronio doi:10.1038/ncb2609 It is well documented that polyploid cells exist in mammalian tissues such as the placenta and liver, but their function and the mechanisms for their formation have remained elusive. Two studies now identify a role for atypical E2F transcription factors in promoting polyploidy in mammals and challenge present theories about the function of polyploidy. See also: Article by Pandit et al. | Article by Chen et al. The amorphous pericentriolar cloud takes shape   pp1126 - 1128 Jens Lüders doi:10.1038/ncb2617 The pericentriolar material (PCM), the microtubule-organizing component of the centrosome, contains a multitude of proteins and is commonly described as an amorphous cloud surrounding the centrioles. However, the days of the PCM as an unstructured matrix are numbered. Using super-resolution microscopy, several reports have now revealed remarkable domain organization within the PCM. See also: Article by Lawo et al. | Article by Mennella et al. Research Highlights Opo opposes Numb in the eye | Chaperoning tumour bioenergetics | miR-211 negotiates life and death decisions | Aged muscle drives stem cell demise Cell Biology JOBS of the week Lectureship in Molecular Cell Biology University of Essex Postdoctoral position in Virology / Cell Biology Columbia University - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Postdoctoral Researcher - Cell Biology University of Massachusetts Medical School Chair, Cell and Rengenerative Biology The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Lecturer in Cell Biology / Physiology Imperial College London More Science jobs from Cell Biology EVENT 2nd World Congress on Cell Science & Stem Cell Research 12.-14.11.12 US More science events from Advertisement Olympus launches the new IX3 series - the next generation of inverted microscope systems Olympus has released the innovative new IX3 series of inverted research microscope systems for effortless, intuitive live cell imaging and clinical analysis. The new systems offer exceptional ease-of-use and unprecedented optical flexibility via a new, customisable light path. New components can be easily slid into the light path using a series of swappable decks.   Articles Top Multipotent and unipotent progenitors contribute to prostate postnatal development   pp1131 - 1138 Marielle Ousset, Alexandra Van Keymeulen, Gaëlle Bouvencourt, Neha Sharma, Younes Achouri, Benjamin D. Simons and Cédric Blanpain doi:10.1038/ncb2600 Blanpain and colleagues use inducible genetic lineage tracing to identify and follow the progenitors responsible for the development of the prostate glandular epithelium. They find that multipotent progenitors are initially able to differentiate into the three lineages that make up the prostate, with a later switch to distinct pools of unipotent basal and luminal stem cells. Nanog-dependent feedback loops regulate murine embryonic stem cell heterogeneity   pp1139 - 1147 Ben D. MacArthur, Ana Sevilla, Michel Lenz, Franz-Josef Müller, Berhard M. Schuldt, Andreas A. Schuppert, Sonya J. Ridden, Patrick S. Stumpf, Miguel Fidalgo, Avi Ma’ayan, Jianlong Wang and Ihor R. Lemischka doi:10.1038/ncb2603 Lemischka and colleagues examine the effects of transient Nanog downregulation on the components of the pluripotent transcriptional regulatory network using single-cell gene expression analysis and modelling approaches. They observe that the initial changes induced by loss of Nanog are stochastic and reversible upon Nanog restoration, owing to the presence of feedback loops in the pluripotency network. Prolonged loss of Nanog compromises these feedback loops and reversion to pluripotency cannot be achieved upon Nanog restoration. Subdiffraction imaging of centrosomes reveals higher-order organizational features of pericentriolar material   pp1148 - 1158 Steffen Lawo, Monica Hasegan, Gagan D. Gupta and Laurence Pelletier doi:10.1038/ncb2591 Centrosomes consist of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material (PCM) that nucleates microtubules. The PCM has been considered as amorphous but, using subdiffraction fluorescence imaging, Pelletier and colleagues now reveal the organized structure of human PCM. See also: News and Views by Lüders Subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence microscopy reveals a domain of the centrosome critical for pericentriolar material organization   pp1159 - 1168 V. Mennella, B. Keszthelyi, K. L. McDonald, B. Chhun, F. Kan, G. C. Rogers, B. Huang and D. A. Agard doi:10.1038/ncb2597 Centrosomes, the microtubule nucleation centre of most cells, consist of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material (PCM). The PCM has been considered as amorphous but, using subdiffraction fluorescence microscopy approaches, Agard and colleagues now reveal the organized structure of the PCM of Drosophila centrosomes. See also: News and Views by Lüders β2-syntrophin and Par-3 promote an apicobasal Rac activity gradient at cell–cell junctions by differentially regulating Tiam1 activity   pp1169 - 1180 Natalie A. Mack, Andrew P. Porter, Helen J. Whalley, Juliane P. Schwarz, Richard C. Jones, Azharuddin Sajid Syed Khaja, Anders Bjartell, Kurt I. Anderson and Angeliki Malliri doi:10.1038/ncb2608 Malliri and colleagues demonstrate that an apicobasal Rac activity gradient at cell–cell junctions is important for tight-junction assembly and establishment of apicobasal polarity. They show that this gradient is generated by the distinct spatial regulation of the Rac activator Tiam1 by β2-syntrophin and Par3. E2F8 is essential for polyploidization in mammalian cells   pp1181 - 1191 Shusil K. Pandit, Bart Westendorp, Sathidpak Nantasanti, Elsbeth van Liere, Peter C. J. Tooten, Peter W. A. Cornelissen, Mathilda J. M. Toussaint, Wouter H. Lamers and Alain de Bruin doi:10.1038/ncb2585 It is not fully understood how polyploidy is regulated in mammals, as the liver is one of only a few tissues in which it occurs. De Bruin and colleagues demonstrate that gene repression through the E2F8 transcription factor, antagonized by E2F1, is required for polyploidization in mice. They also find that loss of polyploidy does not influence liver differentiation or regeneration. See also: News and Views by Meserve & Duronio Canonical and atypical E2Fs regulate the mammalian endocycle   pp1192 - 1202 Hui-Zi Chen, Madhu M. Ouseph, Jing Li, Thierry Pécot, Veda Chokshi, Lindsey Kent, Sooin Bae, Morgan Byrne, Camille Duran, Grant Comstock, Prashant Trikha, Markus Mair, Shantibhusan Senapati, Chelsea K. Martin, Sagar Gandhi, Nicholas Wilson, Bin Liu, Yi-Wen Huang, John C. Thompson, Sundaresan Raman, Shantanu Singh, Marcelo Leone, Raghu Machiraju, Kun Huang, Xiaokui Mo, Soledad Fernandez, Ilona Kalaszczynska, Debra J. Wolgemuth, Piotr Sicinski, Tim Huang, Victor Jin and Gustavo Leone doi:10.1038/ncb2595 In mammals, polyploidy is only seen in liver hepatocytes and in trophoblast giant cells in the placenta. Leone and colleagues now show that ploidy is controlled in an antagonistic fashion by canonical E2F transcriptional activators and atypical E2F7 and E2F8 repressors, through the control of G2/M-associated genes. See also: News and Views by Meserve & Duronio Liver cancer initiation is controlled by AP-1 through SIRT6-dependent inhibition of survivin    pp1203 - 1211 Lihua Min, Yuan Ji, Latifa Bakiri, Zhixin Qiu, Jin Cen, Xiaotao Chen, Lingli Chen, Harald Scheuch, Hai Zheng, Lunxiu Qin, Kurt Zatloukal, Lijian Hui and Erwin F. Wagner doi:10.1038/ncb2590 Wagner and colleagues show that cancer cell survival during liver cancer initiation depends on inhibition of c-Fos-induced apoptosis, through the repression of survivin expression by c-Jun and SIRT6. Elf5 inhibits the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in mammary gland development and breast cancer metastasis by transcriptionally repressing Snail2    pp1212 - 1222 Rumela Chakrabarti, Julie Hwang, Mario Andres Blanco, Yong Wei, Martin Luka?išin, Rose-Anne Romano, Kirsten Smalley, Song Liu, Qifeng Yang, Toni Ibrahim, Laura Mercatali, Dino Amadori, Bruce G. Haffty, Satrajit Sinha and Yibin Kang doi:10.1038/ncb2607 Kang and colleagues show that the transcription factor Elf5 controls the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) during development and in metastasis, by repressing the expression of Snail2/Slug, a key EMT-inducing factor. See also: News and Views by Mathsyaraja & Ostrowski Advertisement High quality BD reagents are now more affordable Lower pricing on BD Biosciences reagents means that you don't have to sacrifice quality. Now the consistency and reliability of BD flow cytometry reagents are more affordable, including thousands of proven products and innovative new brilliant dyes. Find the right product for your needs here. bdbiosciences.com/reagents   Letter Top PARP16 is a tail-anchored endoplasmic reticulum protein required for the PERK- and IRE1α-mediated unfolded protein response   pp1223 - 1230 Miri Jwa and Paul Chang doi:10.1038/ncb2593 Chang and colleagues reveal that the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP16 participates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. They report that PARP16 is a transmembrane ER protein that PARsylates and activates PERK and IRE1α in response to ER stress. Corrigendum Top Integrins β1 and β3 exhibit distinct dynamic nanoscale organizations inside focal adhesions   p1231 Olivier Rossier, Vivien Octeau, Jean-Baptiste Sibarita, Cécile Leduc, Béatrice Tessier, Deepak Nair, Volker Gatterdam, Olivier Destaing, Corinne Albigès-Rizo, Robert Tampé, Laurent Cognet, Daniel Choquet, Brahim Lounis and Grégory Giannone doi:10.1038/ncb2620 Erratum Top The data deluge   p1231 doi:10.1038/ncb2626 Top Advertisement nature.com webcasts Macmillan Science Communication, Exclusive partner of Nature Publishing Group, Publisher of Nature and Scientific American presented a custom webcast in September 2012 on: The Power of Flow Cytometry in Microbiology Applications Register and watch the webcast online Free online www.nature.com/webcasts Sponsored by: BD Biosciences   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. 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