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Here is your customized Phys.org Newsletter for week 36:
Mystery of dark matter may be near to being deciphered
(Phys.org)�The universe is comprised of a large amount of invisible matter, dark matter. It fills the space between the galaxies and between the stars in the galaxies. Since the prediction of the existence of dark matter more than 70 years ago, all sorts of researchers � astronomers, cosmologists and particle physicists have been looking for answers to what it could be. With the latest observations from the Planck satellite, researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute, among others, may be closer than ever to a solution to the origin of the mysterious dark matter.
143 km: Physicists break quantum teleportation distance
Physicists at the University of Vienna and the Austrian Academy of Sciences have achieved quantum teleportation over a record distance of 143 km. The experiment is a major step towards satellite-based quantum communication. The results have now been published in Nature.
Mathematicians offer unified theory of dark matter, dark energy, altering Einstein field equations
(Phys.org)�A pair of mathematicians�one from Indiana University and the other from Sichuan University in China�have proposed a unified theory of dark matter and dark energy that alters Einstein's equations describing the fundamentals of gravity.
Scientists cast doubt on renowned uncertainty principle
Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, formulated by the theoretical physicist in 1927, is one of the cornerstones of quantum mechanics. In its most familiar form, it says that it is impossible to measure anything without disturbing it. For instance, any attempt to measure a particle's position must randomly change its speed.
Mystery over apparent dearth of lithium 7 in universe deepens
(Phys.org)�Researchers studying the cosmos have been stumped by an observation first made by Monique and Fran�ois Spite of the Paris Observatory some thirty years ago; they noted that in studying the halos of older stars, that there should be more lithium 7 than there appeared to be in the universe. Since that time many studies have been conducted in trying to explain this apparent anomaly, but thus far no one has been able to come up with a reasonable explanation. And now, new research has deepened the mystery further by finding that the amount of lithium 7 in the path between us and a very young star aligns with would have been expected shortly after the Big Bang, but doesn't take into account the creation of new amounts since that time. In their paper published in the journal Nature, Christopher Howk and colleagues suggest the discrepancy is troubling because it can't be explained with normal astrophysics models.
Mankind's messenger at the final frontier
It looks like a dustbin lid strapped to a cluster of fishing rods. Its computer is so puny it could not even start up your iPhone. And if E.T. wants to listen to the message it brings, he'll need a gramophone to play it on.
Designer creates solar powered oven to cheaply freshen salt water
(Phys.org)�Designer Gabriele Diamanti has created a solar oven he calls the Eliodomestico (household-sun); its purpose is to boil saltwater to produce clean drinking water for people in places where such water is difficult or impossible to obtain. What's unique about the Eliodomestico is that it's been designed in such a way as to be easily built by local people, rather than elsewhere and shipped in. This way, the profits from making and selling the oven remain local.
Targeting inflammation to treat depression
Researchers at Emory University have found that a medication that inhibits inflammation may offer new hope for people with difficult-to-treat depression. The study was published Sept. 3 in the online version of Archives of General Psychiatry.
Hackers claim 12 million Apple IDs from FBI (Update 2)
A hacker group has claimed to have obtained personal data from 12 million Apple iPhone and iPad users by breaching an FBI computer, raising concerns about government tracking, but the FBI said it never had the data.
Ultracold atoms reveal surprising new quantum effects
Vienna University of Technology physicists have studied the transition of quantum systems towards thermal equilibrium. They detected an astonishingly stable intermediate state between order and disorder. The results are being published in the journal Science.
35 years later, Voyager 1 is heading for the stars (Update)
Thirty-five years after leaving Earth, Voyager 1 is reaching for the stars.
Explosion of galaxy formation lit up early universe
(Phys.org)�New data from the South Pole Telescope indicates that the birth of the first massive galaxies that lit up the early universe was an explosive event, happening faster and ending sooner than suspected.
Silicon chip enables mass-manufacture of quantum technologies
(Phys.org)�Scientists from the University of Bristol's Centre for Quantum Photonics have developed a silicon chip that will pave the way to the mass-manufacture of miniature quantum chips. The announcement was made at the launch of the 2012 British Science Festival [4 to 9 September].
Powerful new explosive could replace today's state-of-the-art military explosive
Borrowing a technology used to improve the effectiveness of drugs, scientists are reporting discovery of a new explosive more powerful than the current state-of-the-art explosive used by the military, and just as safe for personnel to handle. Their report appears in ACS' journal Crystal Growth & Design.
Tough hydrogel stretches to 21 times its length, recoils, and heals itself
A team of experts in mechanics, materials science, and tissue engineering at Harvard have created an extremely stretchy and tough gel that may pave the way to replacing damaged cartilage in human joints.
67-attosecond extreme ultraviolet laser pulse is the world's shortest
A University of Central Florida research team has created the world's shortest laser pulse and in the process may have given scientists a new tool to watch quantum mechanics in action � something that has been hidden from view until now.
New technology: Ultra-fast boriding saves time, cleaner
(Phys.org)�Growing up in Turkey, Ali Erdemir and Osman Eryilmaz would sometimes play with the borax deposits near the mountains by their homes�but only later would they discover that borax would underlie one of their crowning achievements as scientists.
Hubble watching ancient orbs
(Phys.org)�This sparkling picture taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope shows the center of globular cluster M 4. The power of Hubble has resolved the cluster into a multitude of glowing orbs, each a colossal nuclear furnace.
Intel does math on oil-dunk test for cooler servers
(Phys.org)�Intel just finished a yearlong test of Green Revolution Cooling's mineral-oil server-immersion technology. Intel has tried immersing servers in the company's oil formulation to keep the servers cool and they report good results. The Intel servers were subjected to a yearlong bath in boxes filled with the oil-based coolant. Intel's results are one more way for the Austin, Texas-based company to pass along a convincing message that dipping a data center's servers in oil is not crazy but a sane way to cool the data center's power-hungry machines. The company believes its liquid cooling enclosures can cool high-density server installations at less cost. "We can reduce cooling energy use by 90 to 95 percent while also reducing server power by 10 to 20 percent," according to the company.
Scientists unlock the mechanism behind improved water-splitting catalysts
(Phys.org)�Scientists and engineers around the world are working to find a way to power the planet using solar-powered fuel cells. Such green systems would split water during daylight hours, generating hydrogen (H2) that could then be stored and used later to produce water and electricity. But robust catalysts are needed to drive the water-splitting reaction. Platinum catalysts are quite good at this, but platinum is too rare and expensive to scale up for use worldwide. Several cobalt and nickel catalysts have been suggested as cheaper alternatives, but there is still plenty of room for improvement. And no one has been able to determine definitively the mechanism by which the cobalt catalysts work, making it difficult to methodically design and construct improved catalysts.
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