Nature Reviews Neuroscience contents October 2012 Volume 13 Number 10 pp 655-736

TABLE OF CONTENTS
October 2012 Volume 13 Number 10
Impact Factor 30.455 *	In this issue Research Highlights Reviews Perspectives Also this month Article series: Neural circuits  Featured article: Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour John F. Cryan & Timothy G. Dinan
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Neurogenetics: What makes a human brain? p655 | doi:10.1038/nrn3355 Investigation of the transcriptomes of samples from human, chimpanzee and macaque brains gives new insight into human brain evolution. PDF Neurological disorders: Two sides to β-amyloid p666 | doi:10.1038/nrn3336 β-amyloid, known as the bad guy in Alzheimer's disease, seems to have a good side — it can reduce the symptoms in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. PDF Synaptic physiology: It takes two for NMDA receptors p666 | doi:10.1038/nrn3337 Hippocampal pyramidal cell synapses have NMDA receptors located synaptically and extrasynaptically. Papouin et al. now show that these two populations of receptors have different subunit compositions, are gated by different co-agonists and have different functional and pathological roles. PDF Attention: The focus of attention p666 | doi:10.1038/nrn3347 Selective attention-induced synchronous activity in cortical regions seems to depend on pulvinar-cortical interactions. PDF Oscillations: Theta travels to the other side p668 | doi:10.1038/nrn3341 Theta waves travel along the entire long axis of the hippocampus, resulting in a phase difference of 180° between the dorsal and ventral poles. PDF Axon growth: Separating growth from regrowth p668 | doi:10.1038/nrn3352 A study in Drosophila melanogaster shows that the mechanism responsible for axon regrowth during development is distinct to that underlying initial axon growth. PDF Receptors: Leaky receptors in stressed brains p668 | doi:10.1038/nrn3356 Chronic stress in mice causes ryanodine receptors in the brain to become leaky, and this leads to neuronal damage and cognitive dysfunction. PDF AN INTERVIEW WITH... The Kavli prize winners p670 | doi:10.1038/nrn3340 Interviews with this year's winners of the Kavli prize in neuroscience, Cornelia Bargmann, Winfried Denk and Ann Graybiel. PDF IN BRIEF Visual processing: Double duty of tail caudate nucleus neurons | Neurological disorders: Loss of synapse-related genes in depression | Auditory system: Auditory thalamus is dysfunctional in dyslexia | Neural coding: Encoding competitive behaviour | Learning and memory: While you were sleeping | Psychiatric disorders: Cognitive prophylaxis for schizophrenia? | Neuroendocrinology: No cognitive benefits with standard HRT | Decision-making: Predicting susceptibility to habitual behaviour PDF Neuroscience JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Research position in Neuroscience University of Copenhagen - Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Postdoctoral Opportunity in Basic and Translational Neuroscience / Stem Cell Research University of Aveiro, Portugal Postdoc fellow in Neuroscience (Stroke) Louisiana State Univeristy Health Sciences Center Postdoc position in Clinical neuroscience and neuroimaging, with focus on studies of cerebral changes related to chronic psychosocial stress Karolinska Institutet, Dep of Women´s and Children´s Health PostDoc in Neuroscience in New York Mount Sinai School of Medicine More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT Neurodegeneration Conference 2012 27.11.-01.12.12 Mexico More science events from
REVIEWS		Top
Dancing partners at the synapse: auxiliary subunits that shape kainate receptor function Bryan A. Copits & Geoffrey T. Swanson p675 | doi:10.1038/nrn3335 The neuropilin and tolloid-like (NETO) proteins were recently identified as auxiliary subunits of kainate-type glutamate receptors, which mainly have a modulatory role in synaptic transmission. In this Review, Copits and Swanson discuss how NETO proteins influence the biophysical properties and the synaptic localization of these receptors. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Article series: Neural circuits Genetically encoded optical indicators for the analysis of neuronal circuits Thomas Knöpfel p687 | doi:10.1038/nrn3293 Our understanding of neuronal circuit function has benefitted from methods that allow the activity of individual cells and populations of neurons to be monitored. Thomas Knöpfel reviews recent advances in the technology of genetically encoded indicators of neural activity, which are enabling circuits to be examined in an increasingly sophisticated manner. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour John F. Cryan & Timothy G. Dinan p701 | doi:10.1038/nrn3346 Gut microbiota are increasingly being recognized as influencing many aspects of human health. In this Review, Cryan and Dinan discuss rapidly emerging evidence that the gut microbiota also influence brain and behaviour and may have a role in anxiety, mood, cognition and pain. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Two cortical systems for memory-guided behaviour Charan Ranganath & Maureen Ritchey p713 | doi:10.1038/nrn3338 The roles of the perirhinal, parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortices in memory are not well understood. Reviewing studies in rodents, monkeys and humans, Ranganath and Ritchey suggest that these areas are core components of two cortical networks that support different types of memory and different aspects of cognition. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
PERSPECTIVES		Top
OPINION New neurons for 'survival of the fittest' Gerd Kempermann p727 | doi:10.1038/nrn3319 Adult neurogenesis is often considered an archaic trait that has undergone 'phylogenetic reduction'. Gerd Kempermann proposes that adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is in fact a late-evolved trait that may provide the cognitive adaptability that is needed to conquer new ecological niches. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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