Nature Physics September Issue

TABLE OF CONTENTS September 2012 Volume 8, Issue 9 Editorials Thesis Research Highlights News and Views Letters Articles Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Online-only personal subscriptions now available to Nature Physics For only 49 USD/29 GBP/29 EUR Subscribe now!   Editorials Top Farewell to a pioneer   p635 doi:10.1038/nphys2426 Bernard Lovell, builder of Jodrell Bank's iconic radio telescope, has died. ...and farewell to the Pioneer anomaly   p635 doi:10.1038/nphys2428 The unexpected deceleration of the Pioneer space probes has, at last, an explanation. Thesis Top Brave new world   p636 Mark Buchanan doi:10.1038/nphys2411 Research Highlights Top Patch work | Laser-guided matter | Smooth transition | A matter of choice | Deconstructing light News and Views Top Single molecules: Thermodynamic limits   pp638 - 639 Jan Liphardt doi:10.1038/nphys2394 Technologies aimed at single-molecule resolution of non-equilibrium systems increasingly require sophisticated new ways of thinking about thermodynamics. An elegant extension to standard fluctuation theory grants access to the kinetic intermediate states of these systems — as DNA-pulling experiments now demonstrate. See also: Article by Alemany et al. Lasers: Symphony of lights   p639 Iulia Georgescu doi:10.1038/nphys2416 Quantum Hall effect: Charge down and heat up   pp640 - 641 Stefan Heun doi:10.1038/nphys2407 In most electrical conductors, we expect charge and heat to be transported in the same direction. However, in certain two-dimensional electron systems, fractional quantum Hall states can cause charge and heat to flow in opposite directions. See also: Article by Venkatachalam et al. Casimir effect: Across a crowded membrane   p641 Abigail Klopper doi:10.1038/nphys2417 Ultracold atoms: Cool ion chemistry   pp642 - 643 Paul S. Julienne doi:10.1038/nphys2386 Hybrid traps for laser-cooled ions and neutral atoms make excellent cold-chemistry laboratories. Experiments now show that engineering quantum states can provide additional control for accessing and manipulating chemical reaction rates. See also: Letter by Ratschbacher et al. Quantum gases: Superfluidity goes 2D   pp643 - 644 Gretchen K. Campbell doi:10.1038/nphys2395 In two-dimensional systems, superfluidity occurs in the absence of the long-range order associated with Bose–Einstein condensates. This phenomenon is illustrated in the direct observation of superfluidity in a 2D atomic Bose gas. See also: Letter by Desbuquois et al. Physics JOBS of the week Lecturer for biochemistry & Lecturer for physics / applied math Graduate school of Quantitative Biosciences Munich, LMU Physics PhD Swinburne University of Technology Professor in Applied Physics Linköping University (LiU) Postdoctoral Appointee, Physics: Theory and Simulation Sandia National Laboratories Professorship (W3) in Experimental Physics Bielefeld University More Science jobs from Physics EVENT Topical Research Meetings on Physics: Quantum Technologies: Taking Concepts through to Implementations 17th Dec - 18th Dec 2012 London, UK More science events from Letters Top Superfluid behaviour of a two-dimensional Bose gas   pp645 - 648 Rémi Desbuquois, Lauriane Chomaz, Tarik Yefsah, Julian Léonard, Jérôme Beugnon, Christof Weitenberg and Jean Dalibard doi:10.1038/nphys2378 Two-dimensional Bose fluids—such as liquid-helium films, or confined ultracold atoms—cannot form a condensate, but become superfluid instead. Frictionless flow, proving superfluid behaviour, has now been observed in an ultracold two-dimensional Bose gas that is stirred with a laser beam. See also: News and Views by Campbell Controlling chemical reactions of a single particle   pp649 - 652 Lothar Ratschbacher, Christoph Zipkes, Carlo Sias and Michael Köhl doi:10.1038/nphys2373 Chemical reactions between a single trapped ion and a condensate of ultracold neutral atoms are investigated by controlling the quantum states of both ion and atoms—revealing the effect of the hyperfine interaction on the reaction dynamics. See also: News and Views by Julienne Mapping Dirac quasiparticles near a single Coulomb impurity on graphene   pp653 - 657 Yang Wang, Victor W. Brar, Andrey V. Shytov, Qiong Wu, William Regan, Hsin-Zon Tsai, Alex Zettl, Leonid S. Levitov and Michael F. Crommie doi:10.1038/nphys2379 In metals, the Coulomb potential of charged impurities is strongly screened, but in graphene, the potential charge of a few-atom cluster of cobalt can extend up to 10 nm. By measuring differences in the way electron-like and hole-like Dirac fermions are scattered from this potential, the intrinsic dielectric constant of graphene can be determined. Experimental observation of chimeras in coupled-map lattices   pp658 - 661 Aaron M. Hagerstrom, Thomas E. Murphy, Rajarshi Roy, Philipp Hövel, Iryna Omelchenko and Eckehard Schöll doi:10.1038/nphys2372 In systems of oscillators, phase-locking behaviour can, in theory, coexist with incoherent dynamics—invoking the fabled chimera state. Now, experimental realization of a coupled-map lattice reveals dynamical states displaying coexisting spatial domains of coherence and incoherence. Chimera and phase-cluster states in populations of coupled chemical oscillators   pp662 - 665 Mark R. Tinsley, Simbarashe Nkomo and Kenneth Showalter doi:10.1038/nphys2371 Chimera states describing the stable coexistence of synchronous and incoherent dynamics have so far only been realized numerically. An experimental demonstration of these states in a network of discrete chemical oscillators reveals behaviour that differs from that predicted by existing phase-oscillator models. Articles Top Quantum discord as resource for remote state preparation   pp666 - 670 Borivoje Dakić, Yannick Ole Lipp, Xiaosong Ma, Martin Ringbauer, Sebastian Kropatschek, Stefanie Barz, Tomasz Paterek, Vlatko Vedral, Anton Zeilinger, Časlav Brukner and Philip Walther doi:10.1038/nphys2377 Quantum discord is the total non-classical correlation between two systems. This includes, but is not limited to, entanglement. Photonic experiments now demonstrate that separable states with non-zero quantum discord are a useful resource for quantum information processing and can even outperform entangled states. Observing the operational significance of discord consumption   pp671 - 675 Mile Gu, Helen M. Chrzanowski, Syed M. Assad, Thomas Symul, Kavan Modi, Timothy C. Ralph, Vlatko Vedral and Ping Koy Lam doi:10.1038/nphys2376 Entanglement is not the only type of quantum correlation. Quantum discord is a broader measure of such non-classical interactions. An experimental investigation now shows how quantum discord can be consumed to encode information, even in the absence of entanglement. Local thermometry of neutral modes on the quantum Hall edge   pp676 - 681 Vivek Venkatachalam, Sean Hart, Loren Pfeiffer, Ken West and Amir Yacoby doi:10.1038/nphys2384 In most electrical conductors, heat is transported by charge carriers and so both usually flow in the same direction; but in two-dimensional electron systems subject to strong magnetic fields, certain fractional quantum Hall states can cause charge and heat to flow in opposite directions. See also: News and Views by Heun Commensurability and chaos in magnetic vortex oscillations   pp682 - 687 Sebastien Petit-Watelot, Joo-Von Kim, Antonio Ruotolo, Ruben M. Otxoa, Karim Bouzehouane, Julie Grollier, Arne Vansteenkiste, Ben Van de Wiele, Vincent Cros and Thibaut Devolder doi:10.1038/nphys2362 Magnetic vortices confined to thin films gyrate with a dynamics determined by the vortex-core polarity, which switches when the gyration is fast enough. Fine-tuning these core-reversal oscillations reveals rich nonlinear behaviour, including commensurate and chaotic states. Experimental free-energy measurements of kinetic molecular states using fluctuation theorems   pp688 - 694 Anna Alemany, Alessandro Mossa, Ivan Junier and Felix Ritort doi:10.1038/nphys2375 Short-lived kinetic states between equilibria are difficult to access experimentally, despite being crucial in many dynamical processes. Single-molecule experiments demonstrate that an extended fluctuation relation allows extraction of the free energies of these metastable states under non-equilibrium conditions. See also: News and Views by Liphardt Advertisement Light | Science & Applications (LSA) Now Live - a highly respected and trusted resource for cutting-edge developments in optics and photonics. 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