Nature Chemistry Contents September 2012 Volume 4 Number 9 pp687-764

Advertisement Looking to keep pace with global news and research in the chemical sciences? Join RSC e-membership today to receive a digital subscription to Chemistry World, the unrivalled monthly magazine with a readership of 49,000. Access the latest developments in research and government policy, business news, features and opinion columns, jobs board, and networking opportunities. TABLE OF CONTENTS September 2012 Volume 4, Issue 9 Thesis Research Highlights Blogroll News and Views Perspective Articles In Your Element Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Insight: Chemistry and Energy This Insight focuses on the developments in solar energy, water-based methods of electricity generation and the production of biofuels. Access the Insight free online for two months. Produced with support from: TOTAL   Thesis Top Homemade chemists   p687 Michelle Francl doi:10.1038/nchem.1441 Michelle Francl wonders if home labs make (better) chemists. Research Highlights Top Molecular machines: Intracrystalline inflation | Cluster chemistry: Filling in the blanks | 'On water' chemistry: Interfacial understanding | Polymer chemistry: Alive with light Blogroll Top Blogroll: But is it art?   p691 See Arr Oh doi:10.1038/nchem.1440 News and Views Top Medicinal chemistry: Forcing an enemy into the open   pp692 - 693 Christian Melander and David M. Margolis doi:10.1038/nchem.1444 A series of highly active, simplified analogues of the natural product bryostatin have been prepared. They offer an improved approach for the activation of latent HIV that could, in combination with current state-of-the-art antiretroviral therapy, offer hope for eventual eradication of the infection. See also: Article by DeChristopher et al. Protein NMR spectroscopy: Hydrogen bonds under pressure   pp693 - 695 Gerd Nielsen and Harald Schwalbe doi:10.1038/nchem.1443 Hydrogen bonds play a key role in defining the folding of proteins and the maintenance of their structure. A high-pressure NMR study of ubiquitin now provides unprecedented detail on the temperature and pressure dependence of its hydrogen-bond network. See also: Article by Nisius & Grzesiek Molecular switches: Hydrazones double down on zinc   pp695 - 696 Shawn C. Burdette doi:10.1038/nchem.1438 Molecular engineers have long relied on a single light-driven event or chemical input to induce structural changes in switching systems. By carefully designing two hydrazone-based switches, it has now been shown that a single metal-binding event can trigger a signalling cascade that results in the isomerization of two different molecules. See also: Article by Ray et al. Carbohydrate recognition: A minimalistic approach to binding   pp697 - 698 Stefan Kubik doi:10.1038/nchem.1428 Synthetic receptors with properties resembling those of carbohydrate-binding proteins are known, but they are structurally rather complex. Elaborate structures are, however, not always required to bind carbohydrates in water — much simpler compounds can be just as effective. See also: Article by Ke et al. Chemistry JOBS of the week Computational Chemistry and Biology Opportunities at D. E. Shaw Research D. E. Shaw Research, LLC POSTDOC (f / m) in computational modelling of materials for nuclear waste management: chemistry of actinides Forschungszentrum Jülich - Helmholtz Association PhD positions in Materials Chemistry University of Liverpool Chemistry Laboratory Technician Opus Scientific PhD and Postdoctoral Positions in Applied Physics and Chemistry of Nanomaterials National University of Singapore More Science jobs from Chemistry EVENT Peptide Chemistry Conference 2012 2nd - 6th November 2012 Riviera Maya, Mexico More science events from Perspective Top Design strategies for organic semiconductors beyond the molecular formula   pp699 - 704 Zachary B. Henson, Klaus Müllen and Guillermo C. Bazan doi:10.1038/nchem.1422 Although the molecular formula gives valuable information on the properties of isolated molecules or conjugated polymers, it fails to accurately predict their collective behaviour in the solid state. This Perspective highlights the importance of organization across multiple length scales on the optical and electronic properties of organic semiconductors, and how device performances poorly reflect the capabilities of a given material. Articles Top Designed, synthetically accessible bryostatin analogues potently induce activation of latent HIV reservoirs in vitro    pp705 - 710 Brian A. DeChristopher, Brian A. Loy, Matthew D. Marsden, Adam J. Schrier, Jerome A. Zack and Paul A. Wender doi:10.1038/nchem.1395 Simplified bryostatin analogues are shown to potently induce latent HIV expression in vitro. These analogues display comparable or better potency when compared with bryostatin. Moreover, they are up to 1,000-fold more potent in inducing latent HIV expression than prostratin, the current lead preclinical candidate. Chemical compounds See also: News and Views by Melander & Margolis Key stabilizing elements of protein structure identified through pressure and temperature perturbation of its hydrogen bond network   pp711 - 717 Lydia Nisius and Stephan Grzesiek doi:10.1038/nchem.1396 The pressure- and temperature-dependent changes of various hydrogen bonds within ubiquitin have been determined at very high resolution using NMR H-bond scalar couplings. The measured perturbations show a correlation with the sequence separation between donor and acceptor residues, and indicate that certain topologically crucial H-bonds are specifically stabilized. See also: News and Views by Nielsen & Schwalbe A simple and accessible synthetic lectin for glucose recognition and sensing   pp718 - 723 Chenfeng Ke, Harry Destecroix, Matthew P. Crump and Anthony P. Davis doi:10.1038/nchem.1409 Selective carbohydrate binding is a difficult task, usually accomplished by proteins (lectins) or complex synthetic analogues. It has now been achieved by a remarkably simple compound, accessible in just five steps from commercially available materials. This new receptor is highly selective for all-equatorial carbohydrates, and may be used to sense glucose through changes in anthracene fluorescence. Chemical compounds See also: News and Views by Kubik Understanding and controlling the substrate effect on graphene electron-transfer chemistry via reactivity imprint lithography   pp724 - 732 Qing Hua Wang, Zhong Jin, Ki Kang Kim, Andrew J. Hilmer, Geraldine L. C. Paulus, Chih-Jen Shih, Moon-Ho Ham, Javier D. Sanchez-Yamagishi, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Jing Kong, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero and Michael S. Strano doi:10.1038/nchem.1421 The chemical modification of graphene is important for its use in many applications. Now it is shown that the reactivity of graphene towards covalent modification varies widely depending on its underlying support substrate, and that the substrate can be patterned to induce spatial control of chemical reactions in graphene. Highly enantioselective trapping of zwitterionic intermediates by imines   pp733 - 738 Huang Qiu, Ming Li, Li-Qin Jiang, Feng-Ping Lv, Li Zan, Chang-Wei Zhai, Michael P. Doyle and Wen-Hao Hu doi:10.1038/nchem.1406 Reactions with unstable and highly reactive zwitterionic intermediates generated in transition-metal-catalysed processes provide new opportunities for molecular constructions. Here imines, activated by chiral organocatalysts, have been employed to trap the zwitterionic intermediates to give polyfunctionalized indole and oxindole derivatives in a single step with excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. Chemical compounds In situ surface coverage analysis of RuO2-catalysed HCl oxidation reveals the entropic origin of compensation in heterogeneous catalysis   pp739 - 745 Detre Teschner, Gerard Novell-Leruth, Ramzi Farra, Axel Knop-Gericke, Robert Schlögl, László Szentmiklósi, Miguel González Hevia, Hary Soerijanto, Reinhard Schomäcker, Javier Pérez-Ramírez and Núria López doi:10.1038/nchem.1411 In heterogeneous catalytic processes the Arrhenius parameters are often found to be interrelated (compensation phenomenon). Using state-of-the-art experiments and density functional theory, the origin of compensation is studied. A similar dependence on the rate-limiting surface-coverage term is found for both apparent activation energy and prefactor terms, which can be translated into surface configurational entropy contributions. A quantitative model for the transcription of 2D patterns into functional 3D architectures   pp746 - 750 Edvinas Orentas, Marco Lista, Nai-Ti Lin, Naomi Sakai and Stefan Matile doi:10.1038/nchem.1429 The self-sorting of molecular building blocks should allow 2D surface patterns to be transcribed into 3D functional materials. Here, a non-empirical approach to the templated synthesis of supramolecular architectures on surfaces is reported, starting with a theoretical model and followed by comprehensive experimental validation, including direct evidence for functional relevance of the produced materials. Chemical compounds Anion-induced reconstitution of a self-assembling system to express a chloride-binding Co10L15 pentagonal prism   pp751 - 756 Imogen A. Riddell, Maarten M. J. Smulders, Jack K. Clegg, Yana R. Hristova, Boris Breiner, John D. Thoburn and Jonathan R. Nitschke doi:10.1038/nchem.1407 A coordination cage has been prepared that self-assembles through second-order templation. Peripheral perchlorate or hexafluorophosphate template anions direct the formation of a hollow prism whose central pocket was able to bind a small anionic guest such as halide or azide, in a manner reminiscent to signal transduction in biological systems. A switching cascade of hydrazone-based rotary switches through coordination-coupled proton relays   pp757 - 762 Debdas Ray, Justin T. Foy, Russell P. Hughes and Ivan Aprahamian doi:10.1038/nchem.1408 Metal cations play an important role in biological proton relays by modulating the pKa values of surrounding amino acids. This effect has now been used to induce the isomerization of two hydrazone switches using a single input. It is found that a combination of electrostatic repulsion and conformational changes are required for the proton relay to take place. Chemical compounds See also: News and Views by Burdette In Your Element Top Reactions coupled to palladium   p764 Matthew Hartings doi:10.1038/nchem.1437 You would be forgiven if you thought the most important element in an organic transformation was carbon. Matthew Hartings argues that, for just over half a century in many of chemistry's most renowned organic reactions, it has actually been palladium. Top Advertisement Nature Chemistry – New Impact Factor The 2011 ISI impact factor for Nature Chemistry is 20.524*, according to the ISI Journal Citation Reports®. This places Nature Chemistry first among all primary research journals in chemistry. *2011 Journal Citation Reports® (Thomson Reuters, 2012)   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. 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