Nature Immunology Contents: August 2012 Volume 13 pp 705 - 795

Advertisement Save on best-in-class personal flow cytometry With a combined value package, you can save 10% on the BD Accuri™ C6 personal flow cytometer and 40% on high quality BD Pharmingen™ reagents for 2 full years. There's never been a better time to buy and get the best-in-class power, flexibility, and insight personal flow cytometry can offer. Flow cytometry within reach™. bdbiosciences.com/go/accuri TABLE OF CONTENTS August 2012 Volume 13, Issue 8 Correspondence Commentary News and Views Research Highlights Review Articles Advertisement Free Sample: BD Brilliant Violet™ 605 Another brilliant addition to your multicolor panels is now available with Brilliant Violet™ 605 from BD Biosciences. Request a free sample of this new violet-excitable dye with significantly improved brightness over other dyes offered for the violet laser and get the high-sensitivity fluorescence needed to better resolve dim populations. Bdbiosciences.com/go/bv605 Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Reprint collection: IL-1 in inflammatory disease Access the collection FREE online until June 2013: www.nature.com/reprintcollections/interleukin-1 Produced with support from Swedish Orphan Biovitrum   Correspondence Top Lower TCR repertoire diversity in Traj18-deficient mice   pp705 - 706 Romain Bedel, Jennifer L Matsuda, Manfred Brigl, Janice White, John Kappler, Philippa Marrack and Laurent Gapin doi:10.1038/ni.2347 Commentary Top Immunological complications of obesity   pp707 - 712 Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti and Vishwa Deep Dixit doi:10.1038/ni.2343 News and Views Top Breaking the barrier: membrane fusion triggers innate antiviral immunity   pp713 - 715 David Olagnier and John Hiscott doi:10.1038/ni.2373 The sensing of viral infection by the innate immune system is dominated by the recognition of nucleic acids. New data now demonstrate that the fusion of viral and target-cell membranes leads to the activation of an immune response dependent on the adaptor STING. See also: Article by Holm et al. Hair follicles: gatekeepers to the epidermis   pp715 - 717 William R Heath and Scott N Mueller doi:10.1038/ni.2374 Substantial depletion of Langerhans cells leads to their replenishment by bone marrow-derived precursors that access the epidermis through hair follicles, a site of crucial chemokine production. See also: Article by Nagao et al. The yin-yang nature of CSF1R-binding cytokines   pp717 - 719 Teresa Zelante and Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli doi:10.1038/ni.2375 Most myeloid cells express the growth-factor receptor CSF1R. Recognition of interleukin 34 by CSF1R is required for the development of tissue-resident Langerhans cells and microglia, which explains the independence of their growth from CSF1. See also: Article by Wang et al. Negative regulators take center stage   pp719 - 720 Silvia Monticelli and Federica Sallusto doi:10.1038/ni.2377 The transcription factor Aiolos is upregulated in T lymphocytes in a manner dependent on the transcription factors STAT3 and AhR and leads to epigenetic silencing of the gene encoding interleukin 2. This acts as a cell-intrinsic safeguard mechanism for the differentiation of helper T cells into the TH17 subset. See also: Article by Quintana et al. Immunology JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Position in Plant Developmental Genomics Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI) Postdoctoral Researcher-Viral Immunology Louisiana State University (LSU) Department of Microbiology & Immunology Faculty Position University of Maryland at Baltimore Postdoctoral Fellowship in Cancer Immunology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute / Harvard Medical School Postdoctoral Positions - Developmental Immunology Massachusetts General Hospital More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT Frontiers in Basic Immunology: 2012 4th to 5th October 2012 MD, US More science events from Research Highlights Top Decidua-induced impediments | Shaping drug hypersensitivity | Immune calibration by commensals | Skewing the microbiome | To starve, to kill | Local suppressor of inflammation Review Top IL-12 family cytokines: immunological playmakers   pp722 - 728 Dario A A Vignali and Vijay K Kuchroo doi:10.1038/ni.2366 Advertisement While our name has changed over the years from Cappel to ICN to MP Biomedicals, our commitment to supplying quality secondary antibodies remains unchanged. Choose from secondary antibodies with multiple conjugation forms, over 15 target species, various assay applications and flexible custom manufacturing. Click here for details on free gifts with qualifying purchases.   Articles Top The Ets transcription factor Spi-B is essential for the differentiation of intestinal microfold cells   pp729 - 736 Takashi Kanaya, Koji Hase, Daisuke Takahashi, Shinji Fukuda, Katsuaki Hoshino, Izumi Sasaki, Hiroaki Hemmi, Kathryn A Knoop, Nachiket Kumar, Mayuko Sato, Tatsuro Katsuno, Osamu Yokosuka, Kiminori Toyooka, Kumiko Nakai, Ayako Sakamoto, Yuuki Kitahara, Toshi Jinnohara, Stephen J McSorley, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Ifor R Williams and Hiroshi Ohno doi:10.1038/ni.2352 Intestinal microfold (M) cells actively capture luminal antigens and move them by transcytosis to initiate immune responses. Ohno and colleagues show that the Ets transcription factor Spi-B is necessary for M-cell differentiation. Virus-cell fusion as a trigger of innate immunity dependent on the adaptor STING   pp737 - 743 Christian K Holm, Søren B Jensen, Martin R Jakobsen, Natalia Cheshenko, Kristy A Horan, Hanne B Moeller, Regina Gonzalez-Dosal, Simon B Rasmussen, Maria H Christensen, Timur O Yarovinsky, Frazer J Rixon, Betsy C Herold, Katherine A Fitzgerald and Søren R Paludan doi:10.1038/ni.2350 Fusion with the cell membrane is the earliest event in viral infection. Paludan and colleagues show that 'unscheduled' membrane-fusion events elicit an innate immune response dependent on the adaptor STING. See also: News and Views by Olagnier & Hiscott Stress-induced production of chemokines by hair follicles regulates the trafficking of dendritic cells in skin   pp744 - 752 Keisuke Nagao, Tetsuro Kobayashi, Kazuyo Moro, Manabu Ohyama, Takeya Adachi, Daniela Y Kitashima, Satoshi Ueha, Keisuke Horiuchi, Hideaki Tanizaki, Kenji Kabashima, Akiharu Kubo, Young-hun Cho, Björn E Clausen, Kouji Matsushima, Makoto Suematsu, Glaucia C Furtado, Sergio A Lira, Joshua M Farber, Mark C Udey and Masayuki Amagai doi:10.1038/ni.2353 Hair is a skin component that functions as a physical barrier and thermal regulator. Nagao and colleagues show that hair follicles recruit Langerhans cells to the epidermis via the secretion of various chemokines. See also: News and Views by Heath & Mueller IL-34 is a tissue-restricted ligand of CSF1R required for the development of Langerhans cells and microglia   pp753 - 760 Yaming Wang, Kristy J Szretter, William Vermi, Susan Gilfillan, Cristina Rossini, Marina Cella, Alexander D Barrow, Michael S Diamond and Marco Colonna doi:10.1038/ni.2360 Tissue-specific Langerhans cells and microglia develop in situ before birth. Colonna and colleagues identify IL-34 produced by keratinocytes and neurons as the relevant ligand of CSF1R necessary for their generation. See also: News and Views by Zelante & Ricciardi-Castagnoli The transcription factor Lyl-1 regulates lymphoid specification and the maintenance of early T lineage progenitors   pp761 - 769 Fabian Zohren, George P Souroullas, Min Luo, Ulrike Gerdemann, Maria R Imperato, Nicola K Wilson, Berthold Göttgens, Georgi L Lukov and Margaret A Goodell doi:10.1038/ni.2365 Lyl-1 is a transcription factor expressed in hematopoietic progenitors. Goodell and colleagues show that Lyl-1 is required for lymphoid specification and the maintenance of early T lineage progenitors. Aiolos promotes TH17 differentiation by directly silencing Il2 expression   pp770 - 777 Francisco J Quintana, Hulin Jin, Evan J Burns, Meghan Nadeau, Ada Yeste, Deepak Kumar, Manu Rangachari, Chen Zhu, Sheng Xiao, John Seavitt, Katia Georgopoulos and Vijay K Kuchroo doi:10.1038/ni.2363 IL-2 production is actively suppressed during TH17 differentiation. Quintana and colleagues show that the transcription factor Aiolos is induced by the transcription factors STAT3 and AhR and silences the Il2 locus. See also: News and Views by Monticelli & Sallusto The transcription factor Sox4 is a downstream target of signaling by the cytokine TGF-β and suppresses TH2 differentiation   pp778 - 786 Makoto Kuwahara, Masakatsu Yamashita, Kenta Shinoda, Soichi Tofukuji, Atsushi Onodera, Ryo Shinnakasu, Shinichiro Motohashi, Hiroyuki Hosokawa, Damon Tumes, Chiaki Iwamura, Veronique Lefebvre and Toshinori Nakayama doi:10.1038/ni.2362 The mechanisms of TGF-β-mediated inhibition of TH2 differentiation remain unclear. Nakayama and colleagues show that TGF-β induces the transcription factor Sox4, which negatively regulates the transcription factor GATA-3 by two independent mechanisms. Integration of the movement of signaling microclusters with cellular motility in immunological synapses   pp787 - 795 Peter Beemiller, Jordan Jacobelli and Matthew F Krummel doi:10.1038/ni.2364 TCR microcluster signaling occurs in cognate T cells after they encounter antigen-presenting cells. Krummel and colleagues show that immune synapses are motile as microclusters coalesce after the actin depolymerization that occurs during T cell movement. Advertisement   Top Advertisement HudsonAlpha - Natureconference on Immunogenomics October 1-2, 2012 The Jackson Center, Huntsville, AL, USA The conference will bring together four areas to shape this emerging field: scientists in genomics and genetics, immunology, bioinformatics and methodology, and clinical research. Register today! Abstract submission deadline EXTENDED to July 27, 2012   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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