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Here is your customized PHYSorg.com Newsletter for February 20, 2012:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
- Time crystals could behave almost like perpetual motion machines- Stars containing dark matter should look different from other stars
- Russians revive Ice Age flower from frozen burrow
- Cuttlefish have high definition polarization vision, researchers discover
- Oxford Nanopore announces groundbreaking GridION and MinION gene sequencers
- Study characterizes 300-million-year-old tropical forest preserved in volcano ash
- First astronauts' spacesuits were a marvel in their day
- Fused genes tackle deadly Pierce's disease in grapevines
- Scientists identify link between size of brain region and conformity
- Study links babies' colic to mothers' migraines
- Mapping of protein inhibitors facilitates development of tailor-made anticancer agents
- Scientists launch rocket into aurora
- Mars rocks indicate relatively recent quakes, volcanism, on Red Planet
- NASA's Webb telescope: Revolutionary design, runaway costs
- Sandia seeks better neural control of prosthetics for amputees
Space & Earth news
Livestock science will benefit sub-Saharan Africa
Africa will benefit greatly from advances in livestock science that will benefit the animals and the people they provide with high quality protein, said scientists here Sunday.
Preparing for the flood: Visualizations help communities plan for sea-level rise
Researchers at the University of British Columbia have produced computer visualizations of rising sea levels in a low-lying coastal municipality, illustrating ways to adapt to climate change impacts such as flooding and storms surges.
Taking tips from Vikings can help us adapt to global change
Climate change, economic turmoil and cultural upheaval may be pressing concerns today – but history can teach us how best to respond, research suggests.
Low rainfall in UK prompts drought summit
Low rainfall in recent months means large areas of Britain face drought this year, according to the government, which is staging a "drought summit" on Monday to decide what action to take.
Ocean acidification turns climate change winners into losers: research
Adding ocean acidification and deoxygenation into the mix of climate change predictions may turn “winner” regions of fisheries and biodiversity into “losers,” according to research released today by University of British Columbia researchers.
British scientist warns AAAS of the threat posed by ocean acidification
One of the UK’s leading voices on ocean acidification has addressed a prestigious conference in Canada with a warning that marine biodiversity is at risk due to the corrosive effects of carbon dioxide.
EU asks airlines emissions fee opponents for alternatives
EU climate commissioner Connie Hedegaard on Monday called on countries fighting an airlines carbon emissions fee to propose concrete action to fight climate change.
Southwest pueblo-dwellers key to modern climate policy?
Vulnerability to climate change presents policy challenges to local, state, regional, national and international entities, particularly at a time when the public and policy-makers still struggle conceptually with the complexities of rising ocean levels, falling water tables and shifting ecoclines. How can we plan sustainably for an unknowable future outcome? Arizona State anthropologist Michelle Hegmon says, look back to simpler times.
Animal diseases increasingly plague the oceans
When dead sea mammals started washing ashore on Canada's west coast in greater numbers, marine biologist Andrew Trites was distressed to find that domestic animal diseases were killing them.
Swarm constellation heads north
(PhysOrg.com) -- The three satellites that make up ESA's Swarm magnetic field mission were presented to the media today. Following a demanding testing programme, the satellites were displayed in the cleanroom before they are shipped to Russia for their July launch.
John Glenn to mark 50 years since orbit of Earth
(AP) -- John Glenn plans to mark the 50th anniversary of his historic spaceflight with a series of events Monday at Ohio State University, including a celebratory dinner and a chat with the International Space Station.
Bright peaks, dark shadows
The 68-mile (109-km) -wide Amaral crater on Mercury reveals its brightly-tipped central peaks in this image, acquired by NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft on Feb. 4, 2012. Long shadows are cast by the crater’s peaks and rugged rim (north is to the left.)
NuSTAR mated to its rocket
(PhysOrg.com) -- NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) is being mated, or attached, to its Pegasus XL rocket today at Vandenberg Air Force Base in central California.
Carbon storage project combines innovation and outreach
Geologists are hoping to learn a great deal about geologic carbon sequestration from injecting 1 million metric tons of carbon dioxide into sandstone 7,000 feet beneath Decatur, Ill. And they're hoping the public learns a lot from the endeavor, too.
Taking the Earth's pulse: Scientists unveil a new economic and environmental index
A growing world population, mixed with the threat of climate change and mounting financial problems, has prompted University of British Columbia researchers to measure the overall 'health' of 152 countries around the world.
Oil drilling in Arctic nears reality as Shell emergency plan is approved
One of the last significant hurdles to offshore oil drilling in the Arctic was cleared Friday with approval of a plan to deal with a nightmare scenario - an oil spill at the top of the world.
Glenn chats with space station to mark anniversary
(AP) -- NASA surprised John Glenn with the kind of anniversary gift only a space agency can give, enabling him to speak live with the International Space Station on Monday as he marked 50 years since his historic spaceflight.
Coasts in peril plan ahead for rising seas
Scientists warn that by the end of this century, the sea level along North America's west coast will rise by about a meter due to global warming and melting arctic glaciers.
Pulsars: The Universe's gift to physics
Pulsars, superdense neutron stars, are perhaps the most extraordinary physics laboratories in the Universe. Research on these extreme and exotic objects already has produced two Nobel Prizes. Pulsar researchers now are poised to learn otherwise-unavailable details of nuclear physics, to test General Relativity in conditions of extremely strong gravity, and to directly detect gravitational waves with a "telescope" nearly the size of our Galaxy.
NASA map sees Earth's trees in a new light
A NASA-led science team has created an accurate, high-resolution map of the height of Earth's forests. The map will help scientists better understand the role forests play in climate change and how their heights influence wildlife habitats within them, while also helping them quantify the carbon stored in Earth's vegetation.
A sheep in wolf-rayet's clothing
(PhysOrg.com) -- It’s well known that the universe is changeable: even the stars that appear static and predictable every night are subject to change.
Scattered light could reveal alien atmospheres
The light scattered off distant worlds could help reveal details about their atmospheres that no other method could uncover, scientists find.
Cold and spellbinding: An alignment of planets in the sunset sky
Note to sky watchers: Put on your winter coats. What you’re about to read might make you feel an uncontrollable urge to dash outside.
First astronauts' spacesuits were a marvel in their day
If it hadn't been for Akron ingenuity, astronaut John Glenn might have had to circle the planet in his skivvies.
NASA's Webb telescope: Revolutionary design, runaway costs
In deep, cold space, nearly a million miles from Earth, a giant telescope later this decade will scan for the first light to streak across the universe more than 13 billion years ago.
Scientists launch rocket into aurora
(PhysOrg.com) -- With the full sky shimmering in green aurora, Saturday night (Feb. 18, 2012) a team of scientists, including space physicist Marc Lessard and graduate students from the University of New Hampshire's Space Science Center, launched an instrument-laden, two-stage sounding rocket from the Poker Flat Research Range in Fairbanks, Alaska. The precision measurements from the rocket's instruments will shed new light on the physical processes that create the northern lights and further our understanding of the complex sun-Earth connection.
Mars rocks indicate relatively recent quakes, volcanism, on Red Planet
(PhysOrg.com) -- Images of a martian landscape offer evidence that the Red Planet’s surface not only can shake like the surface of Earth, but has done so relatively recently. If marsquakes do indeed take place, said the scientists who analyzed the high-resolution images, our nearest planetary neighbor may still have active volcanism, which could help create conditions for liquid water.
Study characterizes 300-million-year-old tropical forest preserved in volcano ash
Pompeii-like, a 300-million-year-old tropical forest was preserved in ash when a volcano erupted in what is today northern China. A new study by University of Pennsylvania paleobotanist Hermann Pfefferkorn and colleagues presents a reconstruction of this fossilized forest, lending insight into the ecology and climate of its time.
Technology news
Rio Tinto plans world-first driverless rail network
Miner Rio Tinto will use driverless trains to deliver its iron ore to ports in Western Australia in what it said Monday will be the world's first automated, long-distance, heavy-haul rail network.
NEC develops smartphone solution that automatically recommends the appropriate path of incoming calls
NEC Corporation announced today the development of smartphone software that automatically recommends the best path for a user's incoming calls based on the software's estimate of a smartphone's movement. This solution is scheduled to be commercially available by June 2012.
Sony develops low-power LSIs for wideband millimeter-wave wireless communications that achieve 6.3 gb/s
National University Corporation, Tokyo Institute of Technology and Sony have jointly developed a radio frequency (“RF”) LSI and a baseband (“BB”) LSI that enables millimeter-wave wireless data transfer at the world’s fastest rate of 6.3 Gb/s. This technological achievement was adopted for presentation at the International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) to be held in San Francisco from February 19, 2012 as academic paper No. 12.3 wherein details of the technology will be disclosed.
Toshiba develops the circuit technique for power efficiency improvement in CMOS power amplifier for mobile phones
Toshiba Corporation today announced that it has developed the world's first circuit technology to remove distortion in wireless transmissions that can be directly integrated into a CMOS radio frequency (RF) power amplifier. The new circuit will be unveiled on February 20, 2012 at the 2012 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) in San Francisco.
'Artificial leaf' eyed as holy grail in energy research
Turbo-charging photosynthesis -- by which plants and bacteria turn sunlight into food and energy -- in an "artificial leaf" could yield a vast commercial power source, scientists said.
New carbon fibre polymer pipe will recover hydrocarbons from the most challenging offshore fields
Deepwater production is the fastest growing source of oil and gas reserves. Cambridge engineers are currently solving many of the formidable challenges in accessing these fields. One group, at Magma Global, is leading the work to improve the reliability and operating envelope of sub-sea pipe. Magma's work is simplifying subsea architecture and lowering costs.
YouTube enlists big-name help to redefine channels
(AP) -- YouTube is enlisting Hollywood's help to reach a generation of viewers more familiar with smartphones than TV remotes.
Greek teen arrested over ministry cyber attack
Greek police said Monday they had arrested an 18-year-old suspected of hacking into the justice ministry's website earlier this month, an attack claimed on behalf of online hackers group Anonymous.
Tongue drive system goes inside the mouth to improve performance and user comfort
The Tongue Drive System is getting less conspicuous and more capable. Tongue Drive is a wireless device that enables people with high-level spinal cord injuries to operate a computer and maneuver an electrically powered wheelchair simply by moving their tongues.
Lower Chinese court rules shops should pull iPads
Apple's dispute over the iPad trademark deepened Monday after the Chinese company that claims ownership of the name said it won a court ruling against sales of the popular tablet computer in China.
Swiss pilot to undergo 3-day solar flight simulation
Swiss pilot Andre Borschberg will undergo a three-day simulated flight for a new Solar Impulse aircraft that can travel around the world powered only by solar energy, organizers said Monday.
Medicine & Health news
Deadly carbon monoxide prevents miscarriage
Heme oxygenase-1 is essential for the growth of blood vessels in the placenta and in establishing blood flow in the umbilical cord. Too little HO-1 can lead to a restriction in the growth of the fetus and even in fetal death and miscarriage. New research published in BioMed Central's open access journal Medical Gas Research has shown that low dose carbon monoxide therapy is able to restore placental function and prevent fetal death in mice, without any detrimental effects.
Home visits for asthma: A win for both patients and payers
Nearly 1 in 10 children have asthma, according to government statistics, and in low-income parts of Boston, nearly 16 percent of children are affected. A program called the Community Asthma Initiative (CAI), developed and implemented in 2005 by clinicians at Children's Hospital Boston, demonstrates the potential to dramatically reduce hospitalization and emergency department visits for asthma -- improving patient outcomes and saving $1.46 per dollar spent through reduced hospital utilization.
South Africa grapples with toll of heavy drinking
Tisha Lourens suffered brain damage when her mother drank during pregnancy. Now the slight teenager who was abandoned as a baby in a Cape Town hospital battles with learning problems.
Nutrition labeling law lowered nutrition, improved taste
In the nearly two decades since regulations required food products to contain a "Nutrition Facts" label, the overall nutritional quality of branded food products in supermarkets has decreased while the taste of these same products has improved, according to researchers at Duke University and the University of Maryland.
Nano-enabled nasal spray for osteoporosis
The University of Nottingham spin-out company, Critical Pharmaceuticals, has announced a £545,000 collaboration with the University to develop a nano-enabled intranasal formulation of teriparatide for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Get them while they are young, call for closer examination of preschooler physical activity levels
Australian researchers need to investigate the specific physical activity levels required by preschoolers to encourage better exercise habits later in life, academics argue.
Guideline: Monitoring spinal cord during surgery may help prevent paralysis
The American Academy of Neurology is issuing an updated guideline that recommends monitoring the spinal cord during spinal surgery and certain chest surgeries to help prevent paralysis, or loss of muscle function, related to the surgeries. The guideline, which was developed with the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, is published in the February 21, 2012, print issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology and also in the Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology.
New approach urged for late-talking bilingual babies
Babies who are raised in homes where two or more languages are spoken may appear to talk later than those learning just one language, leaving parents puzzled and concerned as to the reasons why.
Study: New treatment for traumatic brain injury shows promise in animals
A new drug is showing promise in shielding against the harmful effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats, according to a study that was released today and will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 64th Annual Meeting in New Orleans April 21 to April 28, 2012.
1 in 10 children face elevated risk of abuse, future PTSD, due to gender nonconformity
Children in the U.S. whose activity choices, interests, and pretend play before age 11 fall outside those typically expressed by their biological sex face increased risk of being physically, psychologically, and sexually abused, and of suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by early adulthood, according to a new study led by researchers at Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH). It is the first study to use a population-based sample to look at gender nonconformity as a risk factor for abuse.
Rainforest plant combats multi-resistant bacterial strains
Aggressive infections in hospitals are an increasing health problem worldwide. The development of bacterial resistance is alarming. Now a young Danish scientist has found a natural substance in a Chilean rainforest plant that effectively supports the effect of traditional treatment with antibiotics.
Everything you know about dieting is wrong: scientists
Everything you know about dieting is wrong, say US scientists who have devised a new formula for calculating calories and weight loss that they hope will revolutionize the way people tackle obesity.
Choosing the best breast cancer treatment option
According to published reports from the Institute of Medicine and the New England Journal of Medicine, roughly one-third of early-stage breast cancer patients undergo mastectomy even though breast conservation surgery with radiation therapy results in equal survival rates.
'Infertile' women may just need longer to conceive
(Medical Xpress) -- One-in-four women with a history of infertility can still end up having a baby without treatment, a new study from The University of Queensland (UQ) shows.
EU approves skin cancer fighting drug: Roche
Swiss drug giant Roche said on Monday it had been given European Union approval for its treatment to fight a highly aggressive form of skin cancer.
Protein that directs cholesterol traffic identified
(Medical Xpress) -- A protein that directs traffic within human cells has been identified as playing a key role in the accumulation of so-called “bad” cholesterol, according to a new study.
A burst from the blue: is bulimia nervosa really a modern disease?
Named in a scientific paper for the first time in 1979, bulimia nervosa has been studied extensively since. But while researchers explore its causes, diagnosis and treatment, the origins of the condition have attracted considerably less attention. Chrissie Giles meets two researchers who were instrumental in establishing bulimia nervosa as an eating disorder to find out more about their thoughts on its history.
Sex-changing treatment for kids: It's on the rise
(AP) -- A small but growing number of teens and even younger children who think they were born the wrong sex are getting support from parents and from doctors who give them sex-changing treatments, according to reports in the medical journal Pediatrics.
Old antibiotic could be a new weapon to fight tuberculosis
(Medical Xpress) -- A cheap and safe antibiotic that is widely available in the developing world might have a new use as a tuberculosis (TB) treatment, according to new research.
Appearance vs. reality: The perfectly healthy obese
No one can claim to be unaware of the risks of obesity in this day and age. Almost every day there are discussions in the media about the risks of carrying excess fat. But research shows the link between obesity and ill-health is not as simple as it’s often made out to be.
Right choice, but not the intuitive one
To take a gratifying, low-paying job or a well-paid corporate position, to get married or play the field, to move across the country or stay put: The fact that most people face such choices at some point in their lives doesn’t make them any easier. No one knows the dilemma better than law students, who are poised to enter a competitive job market after staking years of study on their chosen field.
Hopeful consumers choose fruit, happy consumers choose candy bars
Many people fall victim to emotional eating, but it doesn't happen only when they're feeling bad, according to researchers.
Traitorous immune cells promote sudden ovarian cancer progression
Aggressive ovarian tumors begin as malignant cells kept in check by the immune system until, suddenly and unpredictably, they explode into metastatic cancer. New findings from scientists at The Wistar Institute demonstrate that ovarian tumors don't necessarily break "free" of the immune system, rather dendritic cells of the immune system seem to actively support the tumor's escape. The researchers show that it might be possible to restore the immune system by targeting a patient's own dendritic cells.
Benefits of hepatitis C treatment outweigh costs for patients with advanced disease
A towering $60,000 bill, a year of fierce, flu-like symptoms and a running risk of depression are among the possible costs of two new hepatitis C treatments. But according to Stanford University health policy researchers, they might be worth it.
Urinary tract infections linked to contaminated chicken
Urinary tract infections are common conditions that occur when bacteria from the intestines enter the urinary tract. New research, however, suggests that the bacteria causing these infections may come from contaminated food - especially chickens.
Italian Nobel medicine winner Dulbecco dies at 97
Renato Dulbecco, who shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in medicine for his seminal research on the interaction between tumors and cells, has died in California. He was 97.
Networking fuels painkiller boom
Prescriptions for narcotic painkillers soared so much over the last decade that by 2010 enough were being dispensed to medicate every adult in the United States around the clock for a month.
Novel analysis offers clues to schizophrenia underpinnings
(Medical Xpress) -- A new method of genetic analysis developed by Queensland researchers has shed fresh light on the elusive genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia and shown that schizophrenia-causing genetic variations are common in the general population.
Research identifies potential antibiotic alternative to treat infection without resistance
(Medical Xpress) -- Researchers at the University of Michigan have found a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics that could fight infection with a reduced risk of antibiotic resistance.
Microbiologist suggests hospitals open windows to reduce bacterial infections
(Medical Xpress) -- Doctor Jack Gilbert, a microbiologist with Argonne National Laboratory, spoke at the recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Vancouver, Canada, and among other things, suggested that hospital administrators take note of what famed nurse Florence Nightingale preached over a hundred and fifty years ago; namely, open the windows to let in fresh air when tending to the sick, and they will heal better.
Texting affects ability to interpret words
(Medical Xpress) -- Research designed to understand the effect of text messaging on language found that texting has a negative impact on people's linguistic ability to interpret and accept words.
Scientists identify link between size of brain region and conformity
Every generation has its James Dean: the rebel who refuses to follow the path beaten by their peers. Now, a new study in Current Biology has found a link between the amount of grey matter in one specific brain region and an individual's likelihood of conforming to social pressures.
Study links babies' colic to mothers' migraines
A study of mothers and their young babies by neurologists at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) has shown that mothers who suffer migraine headaches are more than twice as likely to have babies with colic than mothers without a history of migraines.
Biology news
Policies implementing GMOs need to take biodiversity complexities into account, researcher says
Policies regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs) need to take biodiversity and regional attributes into account, according to Sandra Mitchell, professor and chair in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science in the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh Mitchell made her case in a presentation titled "GMOs and Policy in a Complex, Diverse World," delivered Feb. 19 during the Global Knowledge Session she coordinated at the American Association for the Advancement of Science's (AAAS) annual meeting in Vancouver, Canada.
Whale researchers call for speed restrictions in Hauraki Gulf
Innovative research has revealed why Bryde’s whales are so vulnerable to being killed by ships in the Hauraki Gulf, and University of Auckland scientists Dr Rochelle Constantine and Dr Natacha Aguilar are calling for speed restrictions to protect the endangered species.
Wood chips help curb nitrate leaching
(PhysOrg.com) -- Wood chips can significantly stem nitrate flow from crop fields into the surrounding watershed, according to a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) study.
RIKEN ion beam technology used to create brewing yeast
Heavy ion beams produced by the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron at the RI Beam Factory have played a key part in the alcoholic beverage-brewing process.
Conservation risk highest off coasts of Canada, Mexico, Peru and New Zealand: research
University of British Columbia researchers have identified conservation "hot spots" around the world where the temptation to profit from overfishing outweighs the appetite for conservation.
France asks EU to suspend GM crop authorisation
France's ecology ministry said Monday it had asked European regulators to suspend authorisation for the use of genetically modified MON 810 maize crops from US company Monsanto based on new studies.
Studying the evolution of life's building blocks
Studying the origin of life at its building blocks offers a unique perspective on evolution, says a researcher at Michigan State University.
Climate change plays major role in decline of blackbird species
(PhysOrg.com) -- Populations of the rusty blackbird, a once-abundant North American species, have declined drastically in recent years, and Auburn University researchers say climate change is to blame.
Iconic marine mammals are 'swimming in sick seas' of terrestrial pathogens: researchers
(PhysOrg.com) -- Parasites and pathogens infecting humans, pets and farm animals are increasingly being detected in marine mammals such as sea otters, porpoises, harbour seals and killer whales along the Pacific coast of the U.S. and Canada, and better surveillance is required to monitor public health implications, according to a panel of scientific experts from Canada and the United States.
Study spotlights dog impulsivity
Researchers in Hungary have discovered a clear link between repeat polymorphism in the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene with activity-impulsivity in German Shepherd dogs. The research is presented in the journal PLoS ONE.
Does history repeat? Using the past to improve ecological forecasting
To better predict the future, Jack Williams is looking to the past.
Invading, jumbo snails helping endangered Everglades bird
The endangered Everglades snail kite is making a surprising rebound, and an invading bird delicacy that's the size of a baseball may get the credit.
Mating tests begin on Edinburgh's giant pandas
Edinburgh Zoo on Monday started daily tests to pinpoint the best time for its pair of giant pandas, given to Scotland by China, to try to produce a cub.
First test-tube hamburger ready this fall: researchers
The world's first "test-tube" meat, a hamburger made from a cow's stem cells, will be produced this fall, Dutch scientist Mark Post told a major science conference on Sunday.
Mapping of protein inhibitors facilitates development of tailor-made anticancer agents
(PhysOrg.com) -- A team of researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden has generated a map over the effects of small drug-like molecules on PARP1 and other similar proteins in the body. This map may explain the mechanism behind putative side effects of the so-called PARP inhibitors, and can play an important role in the development of novel tailor-made cancer drugs. The study is presented in the journal Nature Biotechnology, and will hopefully contribute to new cancer therapies with fewer detrimental side effects.
Fused genes tackle deadly Pierce's disease in grapevines
A gene fusion research project led by a University of California, Davis, plant scientist delivers a one-two punch to Pierce's disease, a deadly threat to California's world-renowned wine industry.
Oxford Nanopore announces groundbreaking GridION and MinION gene sequencers
(PhysOrg.com) -- Oxford University spinoff company, Oxford Nonopore has announced at this year’s Advances in Genome Biology and Technology conference in Florida, two new machines for sequencing genes. Of particular note is the MinION, a machine small enough to fit in the hand which can be plugged into a laptop’s USB port. The other, the GridION, is a larger version that can be stacked to increase processing power. Both rely on a technology known as strand sequencing whereby a nanopore (engineered protein) is used to pull strands of DNA through a hole where a microchip measures minute changes in the electrical current in the membrane around it as individual bases, or pairs are pulled through. Because of the way it is done, much longer sections of DNA can be examined at once, doing away with the need to examine small sections independently and then knitting the results together with a computer afterwards.
Cuttlefish have high definition polarization vision, researchers discover
Cuttlefish have the most acute polarization vision yet found in any animal, researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered by showing them movies on a modified LCD computer screen to test their eyesight.
Russians revive Ice Age flower from frozen burrow
It was an Ice Age squirrel's treasure chamber, a burrow containing fruit and seeds that had been stuck in the Siberian permafrost for over 30,000 years. From the fruit tissues, a team of Russian scientists managed to resurrect an entire plant in a pioneering experiment that paves the way for the revival of other species.
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