Nature Physics March Issue

Advertisement NEW ANNUAL REVIEW OF CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS! Volume 3 will address the most important advances in condensed matter physics and contribute to ongoing research by identifying recent developments and presenting critical appraisals of the various parts of the field. Free abstracts of review articles available now. Download at www.annualreviews.org. TABLE OF CONTENTS March 2012 Volume 8, Issue 3 Editorial Correspondence Thesis Books and Arts Research Highlights News and Views Letters Articles Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Light | Science & Applications (LSA) Now Live - a highly respected and trusted resource for cutting-edge developments in optics and photonics Reasons to submit: - Efficient peer-review and fast publication - Research Summaries - Respected editors and an editorial board - Wide exposure Submit your next paper to LSA   Editorial Top The big time p173 doi:10.1038/nphys2270 Two big-science projects — the Large Hadron Collider and the Planck satellite — are set to deliver major results in the coming year. Full Text | PDF Correspondence Top Debate over dispersion direction in a Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid system p174 K. Nakatsuji and F. Komori doi:10.1038/nphys2240 Full Text | PDF See also: Correspondence by Blumenstein et al. Reply to "Debate over dispersion direction in a Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid system" p174 C. Blumenstein, J. Schäfer, S. Mietke, S. Meyer, A. Dollinger, M. Lochner, X. Y. Cui, L. Patthey, R. Matzdorf and R. Claessen doi:10.1038/nphys2241 Full Text | PDF See also: Correspondence by Nakatsuji & Komori Thesis Top A quantum kind of order p175 Mark Buchanan doi:10.1038/nphys2255 Full Text | PDF Books and Arts Top Canine challenge p177 Roger Jones reviews How to Teach Relativity to Your Dog by Chad Orzel doi:10.1038/nphys2244 Full Text | PDF Research Highlights Top Between the sheets | Transformed detectors | Roll up! | Pep talk | Tolerable errors News and Views Top Quantum chemistry: A lightning-fast change pp179 - 180 Shaul Mukamel doi:10.1038/nphys2226 A single photon can alter the shape of a molecule. It is now shown that quantum effects can play an important role in this change leading to conformation relaxation rates hundreds of times faster than previously expected. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Clark et al. Optomechanics: The stress of light cools vibration pp180 - 181 Ivan Favero doi:10.1038/nphys2221 Brillouin scattering of light is now shown to attenuate the Brownian motion of microscopic acoustic resonators. This electrostrictive phenomenon could be a useful complement to the ponderomotive and photothermal effects that can optically control optomechanical systems. Full Text | PDF See also: Letter by Bahl et al. Space weather: Where did all the electrons go? pp182 - 183 Mary K. Hudson doi:10.1038/nphys2254 Geomagnetic storms driven by the solar wind can cause the flux of high-energy electrons in the Earth's Van Allen belts to rapidly fall. Analysis of data obtained during one such event from multiple spacecraft located at different altitudes in the magnetosphere reveals just where these electrons go. Full Text | PDF See also: Letter by Turner et al. Bosonic condensates: Polariton pendulum pp183 - 184 Alexey Kavokin doi:10.1038/nphys2197 A macroscopic quantum pendulum has now been created by confining a polariton condensate in a parabolic optical trap. Spectacular images of multiparticle wavefunctions are obtained by purely optical means. Full Text | PDF See also: Letter by Tosi et al. Innovation adoption: The coming of Twitter p184 Andreas Trabesinger doi:10.1038/nphys2261 Full Text | PDF Physics JOBS of the week Research Assistant in Theoretical Biological Physics Imperial College London Post doctoral position in DNA nanotechnology Aarhus University Research Associate in Theoretical Biological Physics Imperial College London Independent Post-Doctoral or Senior Researcher with interest and expertise in the Physics of Soft Nanomaterials Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Switzerland PhD Student on Photoelectrochemistry and X-ray Spectroscopy Empa. Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology More Science jobs from Physics EVENT Plasma Physics Group Annual Conference 2nd April - 5th April 2012 Oxford, UK More science events from Letters Top Experimental demonstration of a universally valid error-disturbance uncertainty relation in spin measurements pp185 - 189 Jacqueline Erhart, Stephan Sponar, Georg Sulyok, Gerald Badurek, Masanao Ozawa and Yuji Hasegawa doi:10.1038/nphys2194 According to Heisenberg, the more precisely, say, the position of a particle is measured, the less precisely we can determine its momentum. The uncertainty principle in its original form ignores, however, the unavoidable effect of recoil in the measuring device. An experimental test now validates an alternative relation, and the uncertainty principle in its original formulation is broken. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid pp190 - 194 G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao, Z. Hatzopoulos, P. G. Savvidis and J. J. Baumberg doi:10.1038/nphys2182 Polaritons—quasiparticles made up of a photon and exciton strongly coupled together—can form macroscopic quantum states even at room temperature. Now these so-called condensates are imaged directly. This achievement could aid the development of semiconductor-based polariton-condensate devices. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Kavokin Hanbury Brown and Twiss correlations across the Bose-Einstein condensation threshold pp195 - 198 A. Perrin, R. Bücker, S. Manz, T. Betz, C. Koller, T. Plisson, T. Schumm and J. Schmiedmayer doi:10.1038/nphys2212 Measurements of Hanbury Brown and Twiss correlations in atomic gases near the Bose-Einstein condensation threshold reveal strong signatures of interactions between the constituent atoms, and establish such correlation measurements as a sensitive probe for the quantum properties of matter-wave sources. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Spin-half paramagnetism in graphene induced by point defects pp199 - 202 R. R. Nair, M. Sepioni, I-Ling Tsai, O. Lehtinen, J. Keinonen, A. V. Krasheninnikov, T. Thomson, A. K. Geim and I. V. Grigorieva doi:10.1038/nphys2183 The presence, or otherwise, of magnetism in graphene has been the subject of much debate. A systematic study of point defects—a widely suggested source of ferromagnetism in graphene—suggests that although they can exhibit net spin, they remain paramagnetic, even at liquid helium temperature. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Observation of spontaneous Brillouin cooling pp203 - 207 Gaurav Bahl, Matthew Tomes, Florian Marquardt and Tal Carmon doi:10.1038/nphys2206 A novel mechanism for cooling tiny mechanical resonators is now demonstrated. Inelastic scattering of light from phonons in an electrostrictive material attenuates the Brownian motion of the mechanical mode. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Favero Explaining sudden losses of outer radiation belt electrons during geomagnetic storms pp208 - 212 Drew L. Turner, Yuri Shprits, Michael Hartinger and Vassilis Angelopoulos doi:10.1038/nphys2185 Geomagnetic storms driven by the solar wind can cause a dramatic drop in the flux of high-energy electrons in the Earth's outer Van Allen belt. Analysis of data obtained during such an event by three different sets of spacecraft suggests that these electrons are directed into space rather than lost to the atmosphere. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Hudson Articles Top Fermionic transport and out-of-equilibrium dynamics in a homogeneous Hubbard model with ultracold atoms pp213 - 218 Ulrich Schneider, Lucia Hackermüller, Jens Philipp Ronzheimer, Sebastian Will, Simon Braun, Thorsten Best, Immanuel Bloch, Eugene Demler, Stephan Mandt, David Rasch and Achim Rosch doi:10.1038/nphys2205 The transport measurements of an interacting fermionic quantum gas in an optical lattice provide a direct experimental realization of the Hubbard model—one of the central models for interacting electrons in solids—and give insights into the transport properties of many-body phases in condensed-matter physics. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Giant superfluorescent bursts from a semiconductor magneto-plasma pp219 - 224 G. Timothy Noe II, Ji-Hee Kim, Jinho Lee, Yongrui Wang, Aleksander K. Wójcik, Stephen A. McGill, David H. Reitze, Alexey A. Belyanin and Junichiro Kono doi:10.1038/nphys2207 Superfluorescence—the emission of coherent light from an initially incoherent collection of excited dipoles—is now identified in a semiconductor. Laser-excited electron-hole pairs spontaneously polarize and then abruptly decay to produce intense pulses of light. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Femtosecond torsional relaxation pp225 - 231 J. Clark, T. Nelson, S. Tretiak, G. Cirmi and G. Lanzani doi:10.1038/nphys2210 A molecule can alter shape as it absorbs a photon. It is now shown that quantum effects can play an important role in this change leading to conformation rates hundreds of times faster than previously expected. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Mukamel Probing and controlling non-Born-Oppenheimer dynamics in highly excited molecular ions pp232 - 237 X. Zhou, P. Ranitovic, C. W. Hogle, J. H. D. Eland, H. C. Kapteyn and M. M. Murnane doi:10.1038/nphys2211 Probing the explosion of nitrous oxide ions in real time using high-harmonic radiation and infrared laser pulses now provides insight into the correlated dynamics of electrons and nuclei during photoionization. Abstract | Full Text | PDF A molecular conveyor belt by controlled delivery of single molecules into ultrashort laser pulses pp238 - 242 Steffen Kahra, Günther Leschhorn, Markus Kowalewski, Agustin Schiffrin, Elisabeth Bothschafter, Werner Fuβ, Regina de Vivie-Riedle, Ralph Ernstorfer, Ferenc Krausz, Reinhard Kienberger and Tobias Schaetz doi:10.1038/nphys2214 Individual molecules are now deterministically trapped in few-femtosecond laser pulses. This molecular conveyer belt may become a useful tool for probing ultrafast molecular dynamics. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Acceleration in the linear non-scaling fixed-field alternating-gradient accelerator EMMA pp243 - 247 S. Machida, R. Barlow, J. S. Berg, N. Bliss, R. K. Buckley, J. A. Clarke, M. K. Craddock, R. D'Arcy, R. Edgecock, J. M. Garland, Y. Giboudot, P. Goudket, S. Griffiths, C. Hill, S. F. Hill, K. M. Hock, D. J. Holder, M. G. Ibison, F. Jackson, S. P. Jamison, C. Johnstone, J. K. Jones, L. B. Jones, A. Kalinin, E. Keil, D. J. Kelliher, I. W. Kirkman, S. Koscielniak, K. Marinov, N. Marks, B. Martlew, P. A. McIntosh, J. W. McKenzie, F. Meot, K. J. Middleman, A. Moss, B. D. Muratori, J. Orrett, H. L. Owen, J. Pasternak, K. J. Peach, M. W. Poole, Y-N. Rao, Y. Saveliev, D. J. Scott, S. L. Sheehy, B. J. A. Shepherd, R. Smith, S. L. Smith, D. Trbojevic, S. Tzenov, T. Weston, A. Wheelhouse, P. H. Williams, A. Wolski and T. Yokoi doi:10.1038/nphys2179 Rapid particle acceleration is possible using a fixed-field alternating-gradient machine—but 'scaling' in its design has been necessary to avoid beam blow-up and loss. The demonstration now of acceleration in such a machine without scaling has positive implications for future particle accelerators. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Top Advertisement Frontiers in Electronic Materials: Correlation Effects and Memristive Phenomena June 17-20, 2012 • Aachen, Germany This conference will bring together leaders in the field to discuss breakthroughs and challenges in fundamental research as well as prospects for future applications. To register and for more information, visit: www.nature.com/natureconferences/fem2012   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. 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