Nature contents: 01 March 2012

Can't view this email? Click here to view in your browser.     Volume 483 Number 7387      nature •Visit Nature homepage •Subscribe to Nature •View Table of Contents The science that matters. Every week.                       ZEISS on Your Campus is a free global workshop series aimed at educating scientists and students in the fundamentals of microscopy and emerging technologies in both light and electron microscopy. ZOYC 2012 will focus on the basics of acquiring images for scientific publication. The program includes lectures and hands-on sessions guided by microscopy experts. Please register: www.zeiss.com/zoyc             Jump to the content that matters to you View Table of Contents ▶ ▼ News & Comment   ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Careers & Jobs       This week's highlights     Earth & Environmental Sciences More Earth & Environmental sciences ▼   Biosignatures as revealed by spectropolarimetry of Earthshine   Earthshine - sunlight that has been first reflected by Earth and then reflected back here by the Moon - is a good model for astronomers interested in the atmospheres and surfaces of extrasolar planets. The spectra obtained in this study of Earthshine provide a benchmark for what to look for on other worlds - including the tell-tale signs of living organisms.       Physical Sciences More Physical sciences ▼   Re-emerging superconductivity at 48 kelvin in iron Chalcogenides   Reports of superconductivity at up to 32 K have boosted interest in a family of superconductors known as the iron chalcogenides. This report reveals a novel effect of extreme pressure on these compounds - superconductivity vanishes as pressure in a system increases but re-emerges in a second phase with a higher transition temperature at pressures above 11.5 GPa, or more than 110, 000 atmospheres.       Earth & Environmental Sciences More Earth & Environmental sciences ▼   Surprisingly complex community discovered in the mid-Devonian fossil forest at Gilboa   An ancient fossil forest glimpsed during stone quarrying for the Gilboa dam and reservoir in Schoharie County, New York, has been rediscovered. Instead of the one tree type previously identified, the twenty-first-century researchers found three.                   The Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance - Fellowships for Biomedical Science in India India Alliance is a partnership between the Wellcome Trust, UK and Department of Biotechnology, India. With the mandate to build capacity in biomedical research in India, it provides long-term and competitive fellowships across the full spectrum of biomedical science - from fundamental biology through to clinical and public health research at key stages of a research career. Find out more.                 Podcast & Video     In this week's podcast: a fossilised forest, a high-tech clinic in a low-tech community, deciphering the Rosetta Stone, and a mathematical model that could help avoid commuter snarl-ups.       Specials - Outlook: Chagas Lenses on biology     Immersed in the details of the latest laboratory advances, it's easy to lose track of the enormous impact biological sciences are having on our world. In this special edition of Nature Outlook, five top scientists explain how research in their specialties - cancer, climate change, stem cells, oceanography and synthetic biology - has changed our lives. ▼ more         News & Comment Read daily news coverage▶ ▲top             THIS WEEK           Editorials                   The darker side of stem cells ▶     An investigation by Nature has found that patients in Texas are receiving unproven stem-cell treatments. The state and the company involved need to ensure that they follow FDA guidelines.             The great beyond ▶     Progress on rare genetic diseases shows the medical value of outliers.             Frozen out ▶     Canada's government should free its scientists to speak to the press, as its US counterpart has.             World View                   Clear up this fuzzy thinking on brain scans ▶     France has banned commercial applications of brain imaging. So why approve its use in court, asks Olivier Oullier.             Seven Days                   Seven days: 24 February–1 March 2012 ▶     The week in science: Fire destroys Brazil's Antarctic research station; Africa agricultural monitoring network launched; and World Bank partnership coordinates ocean conservation efforts.           NEWS IN FOCUS           Stem-cell therapy takes off in Texas ▶     A boom in unproven procedures is worrying scientists.             Protests delay Greek university reform ▶     Small groups of agitators stop elections for governing boards.             Structural biologists share their toys ▶     European network pools resources to unpick the secrets of the cell.             Egg-making stem cells found in adult ovaries ▶     Discovery could pave the way for new fertility treatments and a longer reproductive life.             Timing glitches dog neutrino claim ▶     Team admits to possible errors in faster-than-light finding.             Plans stall for biodefence lab ▶     US National Academy of Sciences reassesses risks of high-security work in cattle country.             US disease agency in fiscal peril ▶     Proposed budget changes threaten disease prevention and surveillance programmes.             Features                   Rare diseases: Genomics, plain and simple ▶     A Pennsylvania clinic working with Amish and Mennonite communities could be a model for personalized medicine.             Treating schizophrenia: Game on ▶     Michael Merzenich has a plan for how to convince sceptics of the worth of his brain-training video games: prove that the software can help people with schizophrenia.           COMMENT           Archaeology: A clash of symbols ▶     Andrew Robinson pieces together the story of who deserves the credit for deciphering the hieroglyphs.             Synthetic biology: Four steps to avoid a synthetic-biology disaster ▶     Assess the ecological risks of synthetic microbes before they escape the lab, say Genya V. Dana, Todd Kuiken, David Rejeski and Allison A. Snow.             Sustainability: Tax 'societal ills' to save the planet ▶     Funding is a major stumbling block for environmental initiatives, says Edward Barbier. Taxing financial transactions or trade in arms, tobacco and fuel might help.             Books and Arts                   Computer science: Digital dawn ▶     Thomas Misa ponders a history of computing that focuses firmly on John von Neumann and the 'Princeton crowd'.             Books in brief ▶             Archaeology: Golden boy ▶     Jo Marchant uncovers a mixed hoard in a history of Tutankhamun and the discovery of his tomb.             Theatre: Darkness made visible ▶     Daniel Cressey reflects on a play that uses astronomy and medicine to probe what it means to see.             Correspondence                   Informed consent: cultural differences Gilles Guerrier, Didier Sicard & Paul T. Brey | Informed consent: meet patients' needs Silvio Garattini, Vittorio Bertele' & Rita Banzi | Citations: not all measures are equal Scott L. Hooper | Citations: results differ by database Carles Alcaraz & Sofia Morais | Crime: track illegal trade in wildlife Luís Felipe Toledo, Marianne V. Asmüssen & Jon Paul Rodríguez                       Nature Reviews Cancer POSTER - Proteasome inhibition and cancer therapy Author: Q. Ping Dou This poster highlights recent achievements and progress in targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway for cancer therapy. Access the Poster FREE online! www.nature.com/nrc/posters/proteasome This Poster is freely available thanks to sponsorship from Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.               Biological Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Structural basis of ultraviolet-B perception by UVR8 ▶     Di Wu, Qi Hu, Zhen Yan, Wen Chen, Chuangye Yan et al.     The X-ray crystal structure of ultraviolet-B-sensing protein UVR8 is determined, revealing that, unlike other known photoreceptors, the chromophore is not an external cofactor but rather two amino acids.             Diverse transitional giant fleas from the Mesozoic era of China ▶     Diying Huang, Michael S. Engel, Chenyang Cai, Hao Wu & André Nel     The morphology of the oldest definitive fleas—from the Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous periods of China—suggests that they had ‘reptilian’ hosts before radiating to mammalian and avian hosts, and their stout and elongate sucking siphons suggest that they may be rooted among the scorpionflies of the Mesozoic era.             Treatment of stroke with a PSD-95 inhibitor in the gyrencephalic primate brain ▶     Douglas J. Cook, Lucy Teves & Michael Tymianski     Tat-NR2B9c, a PSD-95 inhibitor, is shown to reduce stroke-induced behavioural and neuroanatomical deficits in cynomolgous macaques when administered in the presence of an ischemic penumbra, suggesting the potential of PSD-95 inhibition as a neuroprotectant strategy for clinical investigation.             An epigenetic blockade of cognitive functions in the neurodegenerating brain ▶     Johannes Gräff, Damien Rei, Ji-Song Guan, Wen-Yuan Wang, Jinsoo Seo et al.     Histone deacetylase 2 is shown to suppress genes involved in cognitive function epigenetically, potentially opening the door to treatments for Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases by developing HDAC2-selective inhibitors.             Skin infection generates non-migratory memory CD8+ TRM cells providing global skin immunity ▶     Xiaodong Jiang, Rachael A. Clark, Luzheng Liu, Amy J. Wagers, Robert C. Fuhlbrigge et al.     Local skin infection is shown to generate long-lived T cells that reside throughout the skin and are potent effector cells, superior to circulating memory T cells in providing rapid long-term protection again cutaneous re-infection.             Uncovering the Neoproterozoic carbon cycle ▶     D. T. Johnston, F. A. Macdonald, B. C. Gill, P. F. Hoffman & D. P. Schrag     A quantitative mixing model coupled with new isotopic carbon data from Mongolia, northwest Canada and Namibia reveals that Neoproterozoic era carbonate isotopic anomalies can be accounted for by a primary perturbation to the surface carbon cycle, making other explanations unlikely.             Type VI secretion requires a dynamic contractile phage tail-like structure ▶     M. Basler, M. Pilhofer, G. P. Henderson, G. J. Jensen & J. J. Mekalanos     Microscopy reveals the dynamics of the type VI secretion system of Vibrio cholerae and its structural and functional resemblance to the contractile tail sheath of bacteriophages.             A universal model for mobility and migration patterns ▶     Filippo Simini, Marta C. González, Amos Maritan & Albert-László Barabási     A parameter-free model predicts patterns of commuting, phone calls and trade using only population density at all intermediate points.             Unresponsiveness of colon cancer to BRAF(V600E) inhibition through feedback activation of EGFR ▶     Anirudh Prahallad, Chong Sun, Sidong Huang, Federica Di Nicolantonio, Ramon Salazar et al.     Inhibition of activated BRAF has been ineffective in colon cancers with the mutation; here, this is shown to be due to the feedback activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in response to BRAF inhibition.             Articles and Letters                   Gain control by layer six in cortical circuits of vision ▶     Shawn R. Olsen, Dante S. Bortone, Hillel Adesnik & Massimo Scanziani     Layer six in the mouse primary visual cortex is a major mediator of cortical gain modulation and may be a node through which convergent inputs from several brain areas can regulate the earliest steps of cortical visual processing.             Structural basis for iron piracy by pathogenic Neisseria ▶     Nicholas Noinaj, Nicole C. Easley, Muse Oke, Naoko Mizuno, James Gumbart et al.     Structural analysis reveals the iron scavenging mechanism used by Neisseria species, involving TbpA and TbpB proteins, and sheds light on how human transferrin is specifically targeted.             Recognition of SUMO-modified PCNA requires tandem receptor motifs in Srs2 ▶     Anthony A. Armstrong, Firaz Mohideen & Christopher D. Lima     Two carboxy-terminal motifs are necessary for Srs2 to recognize SUMO-conjugated PCNA, which is involved in DNA replication and repair; one motif is specific to SUMO, the other to PCNA.             Biosignatures as revealed by spectropolarimetry of Earthshine ▶     Michael F. Sterzik, Stefano Bagnulo & Enric Palle     Sunlight that has been reflected first from the Earth and then from the Moon is known as ‘Earthshine’, and its linear polarization spectra are found to contain signatures of life, such as oxygen and vegetation.             Surprisingly complex community discovered in the mid-Devonian fossil forest at Gilboa ▶     William E. Stein, Christopher M. Berry, Linda VanAller Hernick & Frank Mannolini     Mapping of Eospermatopteris root systems within ‘the Earth’s earliest forest’ clarifies its palaeoecology, produces a new interpretation of aneurophytaleans and extends the range for arborescent lycopsids.             Strict evolutionary conservation followed rapid gene loss on human and rhesus Y chromosomes ▶     Jennifer F. Hughes, Helen Skaletsky, Laura G. Brown, Tatyana Pyntikova, Tina Graves et al.     The male-specific region of rhesus macaque and human Y chromosome (MSY) are sequenced and compared to the human MSY, showing that during the last 25 million years MSY gene loss in the rhesus and human lineages was limited to the youngest stratum (stratum 5), whereas gene loss in the older strata ceased more than 25 million years ago.             Opposite effects of fear conditioning and extinction on dendritic spine remodelling ▶     Cora Sau Wan Lai, Thomas F. Franke & Wen-Biao Gan     In mouse frontal cortex, fear conditioning and extinction cause dendritic spine elimination and, respectively, formation to occur on the same dendritic branches in a cue- and location-specific manner.             Repetitive motor learning induces coordinated formation of clustered dendritic spines in vivo ▶     Min Fu, Xinzhu Yu, Ju Lu & Yi Zuo     Repetitive activation of specific circuitry in the motor cortex during motor learning can induce new clusters of dendritic spines to form, which are preferentially stabilized during prolonged learning sessions.             Circadian rhythms govern cardiac repolarization and arrhythmogenesis ▶     Darwin Jeyaraj, Saptarsi M. Haldar, Xiaoping Wan, Mark D. McCauley, Jürgen A. Ripperger et al.     Circadian rhythmicity of cardiac ion-channel expression and of an index of myocardial repolarization is under the control of Klf15, a clock-dependent oscillator that is required for generating transient outward potassium current, and deficiencies or excesses of which cause loss of rhythmic variation in myocardial and abnormal repolarization, and an enhanced susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias.             Structural basis for recognition of H3K56-acetylated histone H3–H4 by the chaperone Rtt106 ▶     Dan Su, Qi Hu, Qing Li, James R. Thompson, Gaofeng Cui et al.     Direct binding of Rtt106 to H3K56-acetylated (H3–H4)2 histone tetramers contributes to nucleosome assembly with implications for DNA replication, gene silencing and maintenance of genomic stability.             Structural and functional conservation of key domains in InsP3 and ryanodine receptors ▶     Min-Duk Seo, Saroj Velamakanni, Noboru Ishiyama, Peter B. Stathopulos, Ana M. Rossi et al.     Structures of the amino-terminal region of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 with and without InsP3 bound reveal two discrete interfaces between the InsP3-binding core and suppressor domain that are similar to and functionally interchangeable with those in the equivalent domains of ryanodine receptor 1.             News & Views                   Social science: Carrot or stick? ▶     Simon Gächter             Palaeobotany: In the shade of the oldest forest ▶     Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud & Anne-Laure Decombeix             Microfluidics: Analog-to-digital drug screening ▶     Robert C. R. Wootton & Andrew J. deMello             Translational medicine: Primed for resistance ▶     David B. Solit & Pasi A. Jänne             Research Highlights                   Biodiversity: New amphibians with no limbs | Evolution: Invasive mosquito adapts fast | Microbiology: New species spring forth | Neuroscience: Cognitive boost to brain connections | Palaeoecology: Ancient forest preserved in ash | Molecular biology: Noncoding RNAs decapped         NEWS & COMMENT           The darker side of stem cells | The great beyond | Clear up this fuzzy thinking on brain scans | Stem-cell therapy takes off in Texas | Structural biologists share their toys | Egg-making stem cells found in adult ovaries | Plans stall for biodefence lab | US disease agency in fiscal peril | Rare diseases: Genomics, plain and simple | Treating schizophrenia: Game on | Archaeology: A clash of symbols | Synthetic biology: Four steps to avoid a synthetic-biology disaster | Books in brief | Archaeology: Golden boy | Theatre: Darkness made visible | Informed consent: cultural differences Gilles Guerrier, Didier Sicard & Paul T. Brey | Informed consent: meet patients' needs Silvio Garattini, Vittorio Bertele' & Rita Banzi           CAREERS           New observatory sites             More Biological Sciences ▶                         A*STAR Research - Highlighting the best of research from A*STAR, Singapore's premier research organization Recent Highlights: Materials chemistry: As good as gold | Cell biology: Follow the leader | Photonics: Better connected Feature: Nanomedicine breakthrough hailed as 'world changing' | The MicroKit wins Silver Innovation Award Register today for biweekly ealerts and never miss the latest in A*STAR Research               Chemical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Structural basis of ultraviolet-B perception by UVR8 ▶     Di Wu, Qi Hu, Zhen Yan, Wen Chen, Chuangye Yan et al.     The X-ray crystal structure of ultraviolet-B-sensing protein UVR8 is determined, revealing that, unlike other known photoreceptors, the chromophore is not an external cofactor but rather two amino acids.             Articles and Letters                   Structural basis for iron piracy by pathogenic Neisseria ▶     Nicholas Noinaj, Nicole C. Easley, Muse Oke, Naoko Mizuno, James Gumbart et al.     Structural analysis reveals the iron scavenging mechanism used by Neisseria species, involving TbpA and TbpB proteins, and sheds light on how human transferrin is specifically targeted.             Recognition of SUMO-modified PCNA requires tandem receptor motifs in Srs2 ▶     Anthony A. Armstrong, Firaz Mohideen & Christopher D. Lima     Two carboxy-terminal motifs are necessary for Srs2 to recognize SUMO-conjugated PCNA, which is involved in DNA replication and repair; one motif is specific to SUMO, the other to PCNA.             Catalytic functionalization of unactivated primary C–H bonds directed by an alcohol ▶     Eric M. Simmons & John F. Hartwig     The combination of an iridium-phenanthroline catalyst and a dihydridosilane reagent leads to the site-selective functionalization of primary C–H bonds that are proximal to a hydroxyl group.             Structural basis for recognition of H3K56-acetylated histone H3–H4 by the chaperone Rtt106 ▶     Dan Su, Qi Hu, Qing Li, James R. Thompson, Gaofeng Cui et al.     Direct binding of Rtt106 to H3K56-acetylated (H3–H4)2 histone tetramers contributes to nucleosome assembly with implications for DNA replication, gene silencing and maintenance of genomic stability.             Structural and functional conservation of key domains in InsP3 and ryanodine receptors ▶     Min-Duk Seo, Saroj Velamakanni, Noboru Ishiyama, Peter B. Stathopulos, Ana M. Rossi et al.     Structures of the amino-terminal region of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 with and without InsP3 bound reveal two discrete interfaces between the InsP3-binding core and suppressor domain that are similar to and functionally interchangeable with those in the equivalent domains of ryanodine receptor 1.             News & Views                   Catalysis: Disguise gets a reaction ▶     Danielle M. Schultz & John P. Wolfe           NEWS & COMMENT           Structural biologists share their toys             More Chemical Sciences ▶               Physical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Uncovering the Neoproterozoic carbon cycle ▶     D. T. Johnston, F. A. Macdonald, B. C. Gill, P. F. Hoffman & D. P. Schrag     A quantitative mixing model coupled with new isotopic carbon data from Mongolia, northwest Canada and Namibia reveals that Neoproterozoic era carbonate isotopic anomalies can be accounted for by a primary perturbation to the surface carbon cycle, making other explanations unlikely.             A universal model for mobility and migration patterns ▶     Filippo Simini, Marta C. González, Amos Maritan & Albert-László Barabási     A parameter-free model predicts patterns of commuting, phone calls and trade using only population density at all intermediate points.             Articles and Letters                   Biosignatures as revealed by spectropolarimetry of Earthshine ▶     Michael F. Sterzik, Stefano Bagnulo & Enric Palle     Sunlight that has been reflected first from the Earth and then from the Moon is known as ‘Earthshine’, and its linear polarization spectra are found to contain signatures of life, such as oxygen and vegetation.             Re-emerging superconductivity at 48 kelvin in iron chalcogenides ▶     Liling Sun, Xiao-Jia Chen, Jing Guo, Peiwen Gao, Qing-Zhen Huang et al.     Unexpectedly, in superconducting iron chalcogenides, a second, much higher, maximum in the superconducting transition temperature emerges under increasing pressure.             News & Views                   Planetary science: In search of biosignatures ▶     Christoph U. Keller & Daphne M. Stam             Research Highlights                   Climate science: The extended reach of Australian drought | Astrophysics: Rare element from space         NEWS & COMMENT           Timing glitches dog neutrino claim | Computer science: Digital dawn | Theatre: Darkness made visible             More Physical Sciences ▶               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Uncovering the Neoproterozoic carbon cycle ▶     D. T. Johnston, F. A. Macdonald, B. C. Gill, P. F. Hoffman & D. P. Schrag     A quantitative mixing model coupled with new isotopic carbon data from Mongolia, northwest Canada and Namibia reveals that Neoproterozoic era carbonate isotopic anomalies can be accounted for by a primary perturbation to the surface carbon cycle, making other explanations unlikely.             Articles and Letters                   Biosignatures as revealed by spectropolarimetry of Earthshine ▶     Michael F. Sterzik, Stefano Bagnulo & Enric Palle     Sunlight that has been reflected first from the Earth and then from the Moon is known as ‘Earthshine’, and its linear polarization spectra are found to contain signatures of life, such as oxygen and vegetation.             Continental collision slowing due to viscous mantle lithosphere rather than topography ▶     Marin Kristen Clark     The rate of India’s convergence with Eurasia has decreased exponentially since their collision, which suggests that the deforming continental lithosphere creates a type of viscous resistance that affects plate motion irrespective of how topography evolved.             Surprisingly complex community discovered in the mid-Devonian fossil forest at Gilboa ▶     William E. Stein, Christopher M. Berry, Linda VanAller Hernick & Frank Mannolini     Mapping of Eospermatopteris root systems within ‘the Earth’s earliest forest’ clarifies its palaeoecology, produces a new interpretation of aneurophytaleans and extends the range for arborescent lycopsids.             Research Highlights                   Climate science: The extended reach of Australian drought | Geology: Stretch marks on the Moon         NEWS & COMMENT           Sustainability: Tax 'societal ills' to save the planet | Theatre: Darkness made visible             More Earth & Environmental Sciences ▶               Specials - Nature Outlook: Lenses in BiologyFree Access ▲top               Lenses on biology ▶             Cancer: Solving an age-old problem ▶     Is cancer ancient, or is it largely a product of modern times? And can the latest research on prevention and treatment strategies make cancer a disease of the past?              Q&A: Controversy and intellect ▶     Barbara Dunn is a programme director in the Division of Cancer Prevention at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). She tells Nature Outlook about the challenges of stopping the disease before it starts.              Synthetic Biology: Bits and pieces come to life ▶     Scientists are combining biology and engineering to change the world.              Q&A: Circuit capacity ▶     A Boston University biomedical engineer, Collins reprograms organisms to endow them with novel or improved functions. Nature Outlook asks him how things are evolving.              Climate Change: A planet in flux ▶     How is life on Earth reacting to climate change?              Q&A: Regime change ▶     A freshwater ecologist at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Smol studies lake sediments to understand climatic and environmental change. Nature Outlook asks him to share his experience.              Ocean Science: The power of plankton ▶     Do tiny floating microorganisms in the ocean's surface waters play a massive role in controlling the global climate?              Q&A: A slow-motion crisis ▶     Nature Outlook talks to Rutgers University environmental scientist Paul Falkowski about the effects of human activity and climate change on communities of life-sustaining oceanic microorganisms.              Stem Cells: Flexible friends ▶     Stem cells are powerful tools in biology and medicine. What can scientists do with these cells to exploit their incredible potential?              Q&A: Stemming the tide ▶     As director of outreach experiences at the Morgridge Institute for Research in Madison, Wisconsin, Nirupama Shevde spreads the word about stem cells. Nature Outlook finds out what she has to say.          In partnership with:                     Light | Science & Applications (LSA) Now Live - a highly respected and trusted resource for cutting-edge developments in optics and photonics Reasons to submit: - Efficient peer-review and fast publication - Research Summaries - Respected editors and an editorial board - Wide exposure Submit your next paper to LSA               Careers & Jobs ▲top               Presentations: Billboard science ▶     Posters are a chance to show off work and to network with colleagues, but only if the design is easy on the eye.                   Protect research ideas ▶     Competitors could benefit if grant applications go public, CNSF warns.                   New observatory sites ▶     Research programme launches at US ecological sites.                   Top student city ▶     Leading research institutions help Paris, London and Boston to come out on top.                   Careers related news & comment                   Frozen out | Stem-cell therapy takes off in Texas | Protests delay Greek university reform | Informed consent: meet patients' needs Silvio Garattini, Vittorio Bertele' & Rita Banzi | Citations: not all measures are equal Scott L. Hooper | Citations: results differ by database Carles Alcaraz & Sofia Morais             naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Postdoc in analysis of the next-generation sequencing data     UTMB            Postdoctoral     Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine            Research Associate in Speciation Genomics     Imperial College London            Scion PostFoctoral Fellowship - Methane oxidation needs less stressed plants     Scion          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. Keep up-to-date with the latest sector trends, vote in our reader poll and sign-up to receive the monthly Naturejobs newsletter.           • Nature events featured events           natureevents featured events         Genetic Counselling in Practice: BASIC and ADVANCED     14.-20.04.12 Palo Alto, US         Nature events is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide.               Futures                   Knowledge ▶     John Frizell                 Your email address is in the Nature mailing list. You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/nams/svc/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant). For further technical assistance, please contact subscriptions@nature.com For other enquiries, please contact feedback@nature.com Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th floor | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA Nature Publishing Group's offices: Principal offices: London - New York - Tokyo Worldwide offices: Basingstoke - Boston - Buenos Aires - Delhi - Hong Kong - Madrid - Melbourne - Munich - Paris - San Francisco - Seoul - Washington DC Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. © 2012 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.