Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: January 2012

03 January 2012      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports             Nature Reviews Genetics POSTER - Tools for studying and using small RNAs: from pathways to functions to therapies. Authors: Kenneth Chang and Gregory J. Hannon. November 2011 Access the Poster FREE online! www.nature.com/nrg/posters/small-rna COMING SOON: RNA interference animation Produced with support from Thermo Scientific               Biological Sciences               Molecular complexity determines the number of olfactory notes and the pleasantness of smells ▶     Kermen F., Chakirian A., Sezille C. et al.     One major unresolved problem in olfaction research is to relate the percept to the molecular structure of stimuli. The present study examined this issue and showed for the first …             Genome-level identification of targets of Hox protein Ultrabithorax in Drosophila: novel mechanisms for target selection ▶     Pavan Agrawal, Farhat Habib, Ramesh Yelagandula et al.     Hox proteins are transcription factors and key regulators of segmental identity along the anterior posterior axis across all bilaterian animals. Despite decades of research, the …             Microbiomes of ant castes implicate new microbial roles in the fungus-growing ant Trachymyrmex septentrionalis ▶     Heather D. Ishak, Jessica L. Miller, Ruchira Sen et al.     Fungus-growing ants employ several defenses against diseases, including disease-suppressing microbial biofilms on their integument and in fungal gardens. Here, we compare the …             The regulatory role of long-term depression in juvenile and adult mouse ocular dominance plasticity ▶     Kaiyun Yang, Wei Xiong, Guang Yang et al.     The study of experience-dependent ocular dominance (OD) plasticity has greatly contributed to the understanding of visual development. During the critical period, preventing input …             Networks link antigenic and receptor-binding sites of influenza hemagglutinin: Mechanistic insight into fitter strain propagation ▶     Venkataramanan Soundararajan, Shu Zheng, Neel Patel et al.     Influenza viral passaging through pre-vaccinated mice shows that emergent antigenic site mutations on the viral hemagglutinin (HA) impact host receptor-binding affinity and, …             Triterpenoid modulation of IL-17 and Nrf-2 expression ameliorates neuroinflammation and promotes remyelination in autoimmune encephalomyelitis ▶     Tej K. Pareek, Abdelmadjid Belkadi, Sashi Kesavapany et al.     Inflammatory cytokines and endogenous anti-oxidants are variables affecting disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we demonstrate the dual capacity of triterpenoids …             Rational Design of Pathogen-Mimicking Amphiphilic Materials as Nanoadjuvants ▶     Bret D. Ulery, Latrisha K. Petersen, Yashdeep Phanse et al.     An opportunity exists today for cross-cutting research utilizing advances in materials science, immunology, microbial pathogenesis, and computational analysis to effectively …             Flavor network and the principles of food pairing ▶     Yong-Yeol Ahn, Sebastian E. Ahnert, James P. Bagrow et al.     The cultural diversity of culinary practice, as illustrated by the variety of regional cuisines, raises the question of whether there are any general patterns that determine the …             Francisellatularensis Uses Cholesterol and Clathrin-Based Endocytic Mechanisms to Invade Hepatocytes ▶     H. T. Law, Ann En-Ju Lin, Youra Kim et al.     Francisella tularensis are highly infectious microbes that cause the disease tularemia. Although much of the bacterial burden is carried in non-phagocytic cells, the strategies …             Methodology for in situ gas sampling, transport and laboratory analysis of gases from stranded cetaceans ▶     Yara Bernaldo de Quirós, Óscar González-Díaz, Pedro Saavedra et al.     Gas-bubble lesions were described in cetaceans stranded in spatio-temporal concordance with naval exercises using high-powered sonars. A behaviourally induced decompression …             Single molecule tracking fluorescence microscopy in mitochondria reveals highly dynamic but confined movement of Tom40 ▶     Anton Kuzmenko, Stoyan Tankov, Brian P. English et al.     Tom40 is an integral protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane, which as the central component of the Translocase of the Outer Membrane (TOM) complex forms a channel for protein …             Structural insights into the molecular ruler mechanism of the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase ERAP1 ▶     Amit Gandhi, Damodharan Lakshminarasimhan, Yixin Sun et al.     Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is an essential component of the immune system, because it trims peptide precursors and generates the N--restricted epitopes. To …             Fractal-like Distributions over the Rational Numbers in High-throughput Biological and Clinical Data ▶     Vladimir Trifonov, Laura Pasqualucci, Riccardo Dalla-Favera et al.     Recent developments in extracting and processing biological and clinical data are allowing quantitative approaches to studying living systems. High-throughput sequencing (HTS), …             Cdc14b regulates mammalian RNA polymerase II and represses cell cycle transcription ▶     María Guillamot, Eusebio Manchado, Massimo Chiesa et al.     Cdc14 is an essential phosphatase in yeast but its role in the mammalian cell cycle remains obscure. We report here that Cdc14b-knockout cells display unscheduled induction of …             Uneven spread of cis- and trans-editing aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase domains within translational compartments of P. falciparum ▶     Sameena Khan, Arvind Sharma, Abhishek Jamwal et al.     Accuracy of aminoacylation is dependent on maintaining fidelity during attachment of amino acids to cognate tRNAs. Cis- and trans-editing protein factors impose quality control …             Cucumber mosaic virus and its 2b RNA silencing suppressor modify plant-aphid interactions in tobacco ▶     Heiko Ziebell, Alex M. Murphy, Simon C. Groen et al.     The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b protein not only inhibits anti-viral RNA silencing but also quenches transcriptional responses of plant genes to jasmonic acid, a key signalling …             Modeling dynamic interactions between pre-exposure prophylaxis interventions & treatment programs: predicting HIV transmission & resistance ▶     Virginie Supervie, Meagan Barrett, James S. Kahn et al.     Clinical trials have recently demonstrated the effectiveness of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV infection. Consequently, PrEP may soon be used for epidemic …             The formation of actin waves during regeneration after axonal lesion is enhanced by BDNF ▶     Francesco Difato, Hanako Tsushima, Mattia Pesce et al.     During development, axons of neurons in the mammalian central nervous system lose their ability to regenerate. To study the regeneration process, axons of mouse hippocampal …             Potential role of LMP2 as tumor-suppressor defines new targets for uterine leiomyosarcoma therapy ▶     Takuma Hayashi, Akiko Horiuchi, Kenji Sano et al.     Although the majority of smooth muscle neoplasms found in the uterus are benign, uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is extremely malignant, with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. …             Statistical regularities in the rank-citation profile of scientists ▶     Alexander M. Petersen, H. Eugene Stanley, Sauro Succi     Recent science of science research shows that scientific impact measures for journals and individual articles have quantifiable regularities across both time and discipline. …             Structural insights into thioredoxin-2: a component of malaria parasite protein secretion machinery ▶     Ashwani Sharma, Arvind Sharma, Sameer Dixit et al.     Thioredoxins are vital components of Plasmodium proteome and act as both reducing agents and protein disulfide reductases. The malaria parasite P. falciparum thioredoxin-2 …             Srebf1a is a key regulator of transcriptional control for adipogenesis ▶     Jorge-Tonatiuh Ayala-Sumuano, Cristina Velez-delValle, Alicia Beltrán-Langarica et al.     Adipogenesis is regulated by a complex cascade of transcriptional factors, but little is known about the early events that regulate the adipogenic program. Here, we report the …                     Nature Reviews Immunology Focus on Monocytes & macrophages FREE online access is available until the end of November. 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