Dear Reader ,
Here is your customized PHYSorg.com Newsletter for January 4, 2012:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
- Physicists propose test for loop quantum gravity- Leonardo da Vinci's tree rule may be explained by wind
- Cat-brushing robot draws all signs of contentment (w/ video)
- Leaping lizards, dinosaurs have a message for robots: Get a tail
- Researchers build computer model that explains lakes and storms on Saturn's moon Titan
- Silkworms spinning spider webs
- Pentagon-backed 'time cloak' stops the clock
- Research team suggests rock found in Russia an extraterrestrial quasicrystal
- The case of the missing gas mileage
- 'Nanowiggles:' Scientists discover graphene nanomaterials with tunable functionality in electronics
- Scientists create first 3-D map of human genome
- Study shows even professional musicians can't tell old master violins from new
- Close encounters: When Daniel123 met Jane234 (w/ video)
- Patterns of connections reveal brain functions
- The smoky pink core of the Omega Nebula
Space & Earth news
Through hardship to the stars
"Humanity's adventurous, stubborn, mad and glorious aspiration to reach the stars" is the subject of Physics World's lead feature in January.
A new way to measure Earth's magnetosphere
US researchers have demonstrated the potential use of a new way to measure properties of Earth's magnetosphere, the magnetic bubble that surrounds the planet.
Chile brings fires under control as probe expands
Firefighters reported progress Wednesday in bringing under control wildfires in southern Chile that have destroyed about 45,000 hectares (112,000 acres) as a special prosecutor began investigating the source of the blazes.
Ohio quakes could incite fracking policy shift
(AP) -- In Ohio, geographically and politically positioned to become a leading importer of wastewater from gas drilling, environmentalists and lawmakers opposed to the technique known as fracking are seizing on a series of small earthquakes as a signal to proceed with caution.
Stranded Mars probe could fall to Earth in 11 days: report
Fragments of Russia's stranded Mars probe Phobos-Grunt could fall to Earth on January 15, the spokesman of Russia's military space forces told Russian news agencies on Wednesday.
Image: Active Galaxy Centaurus A
(PhysOrg.com) -- Resembling looming rain clouds on a stormy day, dark lanes of dust crisscross the giant elliptical galaxy Centaurus A.
Stellar discovery
On August 24, astrophysicist Peter Nugent was playing a little catch-up. Nugent, an adjunct professor at Berkeley and group leader of the Computational Cosmology Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, settled in to look at data collected overnight by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). This fully automated survey based at Caltech searches for transients, a catch-all term for as yet unidentified astronomical objects that suddenly appear, change, and fade away.
Older, cheaper vacuum cleaners release more bacteria and dust: study
Some vacuum cleaners — those basic tools for maintaining a clean indoor environment in homes and offices — actually contribute to indoor air pollution by releasing into the air bacteria and dust that can spread infections and trigger allergies, researchers report in a new study. It appears in ACS' journal Environmental Science & Technology.
Flipped from head to toe: 100 years of continental drift theory
Exactly 100 years ago, on 6 January 1912, Alfred Wegener presented his theory of continental drift to the public for the first time. At a meeting of the Geological Association in Frankfurt's Senckenberg Museum, he revealed his thoughts on the supercontinent Pangaea, which broke apart and whose individual parts now drift across the earth as today's continents. In 1915, he published his book "The Origin of Continents and Oceans". Its third edition in 1922 was translated into the languages of the world and today is considered the foundation stone of plate tectonics.
Expert: Wastewater well in Ohio triggered quakes
A northeast Ohio well used to dispose of wastewater from oil and gas drilling almost certainly caused a series of 11 minor quakes in the Youngstown area since last spring, a seismologist investigating the quakes said Monday.
AVIATR: An Airplane Mission for Titan
It has been said that the atmosphere on Titan is so dense that a person could strap a pair of wings on their back and soar through its skies.
Possible new explanation found for sudden demise of Khmer Empire
(PhysOrg.com) -- The Khmer Empire, known to many as the Angkor Civilization, was a society of people that lived for several centuries in Southeast Asia in what is now Cambodia, Thailand, Laos and Viet Nam. What has kept the memory of the empire alive are the huge structures built by the people who lived in the area during that time. Also of note were the roadways, canals and water movement and storage systems that were constructed to support a large population. But like many other lost cultures, what was once a flourishing metropolis, in a very short period of time, gave way to collapse.
The smoky pink core of the Omega Nebula
(PhysOrg.com) -- A new image of the Omega Nebula, captured by ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT), is one of the sharpest of this object ever taken from the ground. It shows the dusty, rose-coloured central parts of this famous stellar nursery and reveals extraordinary detail in the cosmic landscape of gas clouds, dust and newborn stars.
Russian river water unexpected culprit behind Arctic freshening near US, Canada
and not just regional forces – has caused record-breaking amounts of freshwater to accumulate in the Arctic's Beaufort Sea.
Researchers build computer model that explains lakes and storms on Saturn's moon Titan
Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is an intriguing, alien world that's covered in a thick atmosphere with abundant methane. With an average surface temperature of a brisk -297 degrees Fahrenheit (about 90 kelvins) and a diameter just less than half of Earth's, Titan boasts methane clouds and fog, as well as rainstorms and plentiful lakes of liquid methane. It's the only place in the solar system, other than Earth, that has large bodies of liquid on its surface.
Technology news
Nigerians held in India over 'phishing' scam: police
Six Nigerian nationals have been arrested in the Indian city of Mumbai on suspicion of defrauding hundreds of people through text message and spam email scams, police said.
Nuclear watchdog urges French plants to boost safety
A French nuclear watchdog on Tuesday called for the country's plants to beef up safety to cope with natural disasters under a programme likely to cost tens of billions of euros (dollars), but said none faced any immediate shutdown.
Chinese New Year travellers overload ticket system
A new online system designed to make it easier for people to buy train tickets home for the Lunar New Year has been overwhelmed by huge demand from millions of travellers across China.
Chinese firm makes Steve Jobs action figure
A China-based company plans to begin shipping a realistic-looking Steve Jobs action figure in February.
China Telecom launches British mobile venture
Telecoms giant China Telecom is launching a mobile virtual network in Britain in partnership with Everything Everywhere, targeting Chinese residents and visitors, the British company said Wednesday.
NPL research helps drive forward the creation of a Digital Britain
With government plans for a Digital Britain firmly underway, the amount of data that will be sent on the internet is set to increase dramatically.
'Saudi hacker' publishes Israeli credit card details
A self-defined Saudi hacker claimed he had published details of 400,000 Israeli-owned credit cards online, but the card firms on Tuesday insisted that only 14,000 cards had been affected.
India army offers 'glacier toilet' in hi-tech sell-off
Developed for troops serving on glaciers high in the Himalayas, the non-flushing "bio-digester" toilet made by India's top defence research body is now being offered to companies and poorer states.
Online gambling fight now about when, who -- not if
(AP) -- The fight to fully legalize online gambling in the U.S. is now less about whether Americans will be able to play and more about who will bring the action to them - and when.
Time recording up one's sleeve
Optimized operations are essential to globally competitive companies. Until now, inspectors have timed procedures, usually manually, in order to organize manual assembly operations efficiently – a method prone to error. A new system records times automatically and cuts costs for companies.
Simulating firefighting operations on a PC
Firefighters often put their lives at risk during operations, so it is essential they have reliable tools to help them do their job. Now, a modular simulation kit is set to help develop new information and communication technologies – and ensure they are tailored to firefighters’ needs from the outset.
New chair tipped to lead BlackBerry maker: report
A former banker and stock exchange head could become the first-ever independent chair of Research in Motion in a shakeup of the beleaguered BlackBerry maker, a report said Tuesday.
Annual Wikipedia fundraising hits new high
An annual Wikipedia fundraising campaign ended Tuesday with donors around the world pumping a record $20 million into the foundation that runs the free online knowledge repository.
Navy researchers investigate small-scale autonomous planetary explorers
Robotic exploration to remote regions, to include distant planetary bodies, is often limited by energy requirements to perform, in repetition, even the simplest tasks. With this in mind, researchers at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory are looking into a novel approach that could some day aid scientific space and planetary research without the need for power-intense options often used today.
BlackBerry maker vows privacy safeguard amid probe
Research In Motion vowed Tuesday to defend the legal privacy rights of BlackBerry users after a judicial commission in Pakistan ordered copies of smartphone communications in a scandal probe.
AT&T to pay $215M to TiVo to settle patent suit
(AP) -- AT&T Inc. will pay TiVo Inc. at least $215 million through June 2018, becoming the latest TV signal provider to settle a patent lawsuit involving the digital video recorder pioneer.
Netflix original program puts New York mobster in Norway
Online film and television show titan Netflix will make its original programming debut in February with "Lilyhammer," a "fish-out-of-water story" about a New York mobster starting anew in Norway.
Seoul approves Samsung's new investment in China
South Korea on Wednesday approved Samsung Electronics' plan to build a new plant in China to produce high-tech memory chips used in tablets and smartphones, the Ministry of Knowledge Economy said.
Roku expands beyond Internet video-streaming boxes
Roku is thinking outside its set-top box in an attempt to bring more Internet video to flat-panel televisions.
Wind turbine maker's shares plunge 19%
Vestas, the world leader in the wind turbine industry, saw its share price plummet around 19 percent at the opening Wednesday, a day after issuing a profit warning.
Chinese maker defends Steve Jobs action doll
The company behind a made-in-China Steve Jobs action figure insisted Wednesday it was not a toy, but a realistic depiction of the Apple founder designed for fans of his iconic products.
Smart way of saving lives in natural disasters
Software developed by computer scientists could help to quickly and accurately locate missing people, rapidly identify those suffering from malnutrition and effectively point people towards safe zones simply by checking their phones.
MetroPCS to sell phones with TV tuners
(AP) -- Cellphone company MetroPCS says it will sell phones with TV tuners this year, which means customers will be able to tune in to broadcasts from local TV stations.
New tech removes air pollutants, may reduce energy use in animal ag facilities
Researchers from North Carolina State University and West Virginia University have developed a new technology that can reduce air pollutant emissions from some chicken and swine barns, and also reduce their energy use by recovering and possibly generating heat.
Thompson brings tech background to Yahoo
Scott Thompson isn't an obvious pick to lead Yahoo, but he brings to the struggling Internet company expertise in technology and operations.
Google buys more patents from IBM
Google Inc. has bought another 188 U.S. patents and 29 patent applications from IBM Corp., IBM confirmed Wednesday.
Sky light sky bright - in the office
Working under the open sky – it sounds enticing, but it’s seldom really a practical option. Now, a dynamic luminous ceiling brings the sky into office spaces by creating the effect of passing clouds. This kind of lighting generates a pleasant working environment.
High-speed CMOS sensors provide better images
Conventional CMOS image sensors are not suitable for low-light applications such as fluorescence, since large pixels arranged in a matrix do not support high readout speeds. A new optoelectronic component speeds up this process. It has already been patented.
Citibank turns rewards into 'social currency'
Credit card rewards are the new social currency. Citibank customers can now use Facebook to pool their rewards points online.
Nintendo 3DS game system gets momentum in US
Nintendo on Tuesday announced that it sold more than four million of its sophisticated 3DS handheld videogame gadgets in the United States by end of 2011.
A quantum leap in computing
When American physicist Richard Feynman in 1982 proposed creating a quantum computer that could solve complex problems, the idea was merely a theory scientists believed was far off in the future.
Yahoo names PayPal exec as its CEO
Yahoo's previous turnaround attempts have flopped under three different leaders with dramatically different backgrounds - former movie mogul Terry Semel, beloved Yahoo co-founder Jerry Yang and profanity-spewing Silicon Valley veteran Carol Bartz.
Eos says zinc battery recipe is energy game-changer
(PhysOrg.com) -- Tall order in energy storage: Find the right technology that delivers the holy grail of the grid, a viable solution for energy storage (tough). A startup from Easton, Pennsylvania claims it’s on the fastest path. Eos Energy Storage has a formula for zinc-air batteries that it thinks can eventually be the dominant technology for use in the grid.
The case of the missing gas mileage
Contrary to common perception, the major automakers have produced large increases in fuel efficiency through better technology in recent decades. There’s just one catch: All those advances have barely increased the mileage per gallon that autos actually achieve on the road.
Medicine & Health news
Hong Kong government offices hit by deadly bug
The bacteria that cause Legionnaires' disease have been found at several sites in the new Hong Kong government complex after one minister fell ill, in a major embarrassment for the authorities.
France vows probe into breast implant failures
France vowed on Tuesday to investigate failures to detect faults with the French-made breast implants at the centre of a global health scare, as a senior lawmaker urged a full parliamentary probe.
Not equal: Quality of care, cost for PAD sufferers
Although minimally invasive (endovascular) treatments for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) result in shorter hospital stays and the potential to save Medicare millions of dollars each year, a new study reveals that the quality of care and cost depend on who's providing the treatment. The study, which appears in this month's Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, is the first and largest study of its kind on these treatments for Medicare patients age 65 and older.
Researchers create a healthier cigarette
From a health care perspective, the best cigarette is no cigarette, but for the millions of people who try to quit smoking every year, researchers from Cornell University may have found a way to make cigarette smoking less toxic.
Study reports advance in early diagnosis of spatial neglect after stroke
Researchers at Kessler Foundation and Seton Hall University report findings in the early diagnosis of acute spatial neglect, a hidden disability that is a common complication of stroke. In the weeks after stroke, 30-50% of stroke survivors cannot reliably report or respond to external events that take place in the space opposite the side of their brain injury. Called spatial neglect, this disorder is a problem with attention and action rather than vision. Often overlooked, it is associated with accidents, falls, safety problems and functional disability that impedes recovery.
EAE/ASE 3D echocardiography image acquisition recommendations
For the first time, a joint committee of the European Association for Echocardiography and the American Society of Echocardiography have issued recommendations on image acquisition using three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). 'The EAE/ASE Recommendations for Image Acquisition and Display Using Three-Dimensional Echocardiography', are available in the January 2012 issue of the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography (JASE), published by Elsevier.
Pirfenidone: Extent of added benefit assessed
Pirfenidone inhibits the development of inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) in pulmonary tissue and has been approved for the treatment of mild to moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) since the beginning of 2011. In an early benefit assessment in accordance with the Act on the Reform of the Market for Medicinal Products (AMNOG), the German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) has examined the extent of added benefit of pirfenidone.
DMP for diabetes type 2: Current guidelines indicate some need for revision
On 3 January 2012, the German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) published the results of a literature search for evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on the treatment of people with diabetes mellitus type 2. The aim of the report is to identify those recommendations from current guidelines of high methodological quality that may be relevant for the planned revision of the corresponding disease management programme (DMP). According to the results of the report, there is no compelling need for revision of any part of the DMP. However, IQWiG identified various aspects that could be supplemented and specified.
ATS issues joint statement on key issues and recommendations for critical care research
To reduce mortality and improve patient care in the nation's ICUs, a task force formed by the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC), in conjunction with the US Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group (USCIITG) has recommended that research in the field become less fragmented and better account for patient heterogeneity and the complexity of critical illness.
Paraguay confirms new foot-and-mouth outbreak
Major beef exporter Paraguay confirmed a new outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease Tuesday in the north of the country, four days after lifting a state of emergency imposed in the region in September.
Death rate measure used to judge hospital quality may be misleading
Hospitals, health insurers and patients often rely on patient death rates in hospitals to compare hospital quality. Now a new study by researchers at Yale School of Medicine questions the accuracy of that widely used approach and supports measuring patient deaths over a period of 30 days from admission even after they have left the hospital.
UofL physicians, Jewish Hospital first in Kentucky to offer new aortic valve replacement
Some individuals with severe aortic stenosis – also known as narrowing of the aortic valve in the heart – who are not well enough to undergo open heart surgery have a new treatment option thanks to a new procedure now available in Kentucky from University of Louisville physicians at Jewish Hospital.
Studies identify risk factors in rising trend of liver cancer
Doctors have known for years that the incidence of deadly liver cancer is on the rise, but what is causing that trend has remained a mystery. Two recent Mayo Clinic studies published in the January issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings offer a clearer picture of the rise of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or liver cancer, which has tripled in the U.S. in the last three decades and has a 10 to 12 percent five-year survival rate when detected in later stages.
NJIT receives patent for new shunt to aid brain-injured patients
NJIT Professor Gordon Thomas and NJIT Research Professor Reginald Farrow, both in the department of physics, and NJIT alumnus Sheng Liu, formerly a doctoral student of both researchers and now an engineer at a biotech company, were awarded a patent today for the NJIT SmartShunt, a unique device to help patients with brain injuries.
Oregon's program to improve care for those with advanced illness highlighted in JAMA
Oregon's groundbreaking Physician Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment program (POLST) is featured in the latest edition of the Journal of The American Medical Association. The program, which was created by health care professionals two decades ago in an effort to ensure the wishes of those with advanced illness are followed, has now spread to 34 states around the country.
Cars, heat and children a deadly mix warns professor
Lost keys and misadventure yesterday saw two children rescued from sweltering cars by Victorian paramedics, narrowly avoiding tragedy as the state suffered through a 40 degree day.
Healthy living beyond the New Year's resolution
Some of the most popular New Year’s resolutions are to lose weight, eat healthier and work out more. Greg Cloutier from Northeastern’s Bouvé College of Health Sciences shares his exercise physiology and nutrition expertise to help people turn their New Year’s resolutions into permanent lifestyle changes.
Hong Kong probes deadly bug at government offices
Hong Kong officials said Wednesday the discovery of a bacteria that cause Legionnaires' disease at the new government complex was "under control", while it was probing the source of the deadly bug.
The cost of disabilities could reach 77.2 percent of household income
A team of researchers have for the first time estimated the cost and impact of disabilities on the finances of disabled people. According to data, 90% of the population with a serious disability in Spain is in a state of moderate poverty and 56% lives in a state of extreme poverty.
UK demands data on breast implant ruptures
(AP) -- Britain's health secretary has demanded that private U.K. clinics supply data by the end of the week on how many French-made PIP breast implants have ruptured in Britain.
Inflammatory bowel disease emerges as a global disease
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing with time and in different regions around the world, according to a new study in Gastroenterology, the official journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.
Hypothermia underutilized in cardiac arrest cases treated in US hospitals
Therapeutic hypothermia has been proven to reduce mortality and improve neurologic outcomes after a heart attack, yet it was rarely used in a sample of more than 26,000 patients, according to a study published in Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management, a peer-reviewed journal published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Simple online tool to aid GPs in early ovarian cancer diagnosis
The lives of hundreds of women could be saved every year, thanks to a simple online calculator that could help GPs identify women most at risk of having ovarian cancer at a much earlier stage.
American Cancer Society report finds continued progress in reducing cancer mortality
The American Cancer Society's annual cancer statistics report shows that between 2004 and 2008, overall cancer incidence rates declined by 0.6% per year in men and were stable in women, while cancer death rates decreased by 1.8% per year in men and by 1.6% per year in women.
New fermented soy ingredient containing S-equol significantly reduced hot flash frequency
Daily doses of a soy germ-based nutritional supplement containing S-equol significantly improved menopausal symptoms, including significantly reducing hot flash frequency after 12 weeks according to a placebo-controlled study in postmenopausal Japanese women published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Women's Health.
UK experts: Missing drug info could hurt patients
(AP) -- A British medical journal says a worrying number of drug studies are being suppressed by researchers and that the lack of public data could threaten patient safety.
Study finds continuous health coverage essential for patients managing diabetes
When patients with diabetes experience interruptions in health - insurance coverage, they are less likely to receive the screening tests and vaccines they need to protect their health. A new study finds that this is true even when patients receive free or reduced-cost medical care at federally funded safety net clinics.
Downloadable tool helps cancer survivors plan and monitor exercise
Not only is overall quality of life higher in cancer survivors who exercise, but the rate of cancer recurrence is lower. Unfortunately, though most doctors recommend exercise, many patients fail to follow through.
FDA orders safety studies of women's surgical mesh
(AP) -- The Food and Drug Administration is ordering medical device manufacturers to study safety complications with surgical mesh widely used to repair women's pelvic problems.
Lower cutoff for lead poisoning urged
(AP) -- A federal panel is recommending lowering the threshold for lead poisoning in children.
Agent shows ability to suppress brain metastasis and related damage
(Medical Xpress) -- Scientists are one step closer to repairing the damage caused by brain metastasis, a major challenge in cancer treatment, according to data published in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.
Smokers prefer cold turkey
(Medical Xpress) -- Cold turkey is the preferred method for giving up smoking according to public health researchers at the University of Sydney. With more than two-thirds of smokers giving up permanently this way, the research team wants to know why.
Quantitative CT helps identify COPD patitients at risk for exacerbations
(Medical Xpress) -- National Jewish Health researchers and their colleagues in the COPDGene research consortium report that a computerized form of radiology, known as quantitative CT, can offer valuable prognostic information for patients and doctors beyond the standard breathing tests most commonly used to evaluate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Signaling to chromatin
(Medical Xpress) -- Scientists from the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI) in collaboration with their colleagues from the Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering of the ETH Zurich, describe how the signaling molecule JNK directly modifies histones to alter gene transcription. As JNK acts in a signaling pathway that is impaired in every third form of cancer, the results published in Nature Genetics open up a new pathway for kinase regulated gene expression and potential therapeutic intervention.
Home monitoring may help manage and reduce costs for heart failure
(Medical Xpress) -- Heart failure affects 5.8 million people in the U.S. alone and is responsible for nearly 1 million hospitalizations each year, most resulting from a build-up of body fluid in the lungs and other organs due to the heart's inability to pump effectively. The disease needs to be closely tracked in order to avoid such hospitalizations, and home-monitoring interventions may be especially useful, UCLA researchers say. In their new paper, the UCLA authors discuss the importance of heart failure disease-management and early identification, as well as the treatment of body-fluid congestion, using a number of home-monitoring strategies, including self-care, such as daily weighing and medication management; phone calls from a nurse or automated response system; home health visits; and telemedicine and remote monitoring with implantable and external devices to track vital information.
Study finds drunken people aware of poor decisioins
A new study says that people who commit blunders while under the influence of alcohol know they're doing it; they just don't care.
Alzheimer's damage occurs early
The first changes in the brain of a person with Alzheimer's disease can be observed as much as ten years in advance - ten years before the person in question has become so ill that he or she can be diagnosed with the disease. This is what a new study from Lund University in Sweden has found.
Novel technique could help boost IVF success and reduce multiple pregnancies
A new technique successfully used in mice to identify embryos likely to result in a successful pregnancy could be used in humans, potentially boosting IVF success rates and helping to reduce the number of multiple births (1), according to Cardiff University scientists.
Deer antlers inspire a new theory on osteoporosis
The loss of manganese could mean that calcium does not stick to bones and could cause osteoporosis. This is the new theory put forward by researchers at the University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) in Spain after studying deer antlers. The hypothesis published this month in the Frontiers of Bioscience journal still needs to be confirmed by the scientific community.
Females may be more susceptible to infection during ovulation
A new research report in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology suggests that a woman's ovarian cycle plays an important role in her susceptibility to infection. Specifically, researchers from Spain and Austria found that women are most susceptible to infection, such as Candida albicans or other sexually transmitted diseases, during ovulation than at any other time during the reproductive cycle. This natural "dip" in immunity may be to allow spermatozoa to survive the threat of an immune response so it may fertilize an egg successfully.
Sexual satisfaction in women increases with age
A new study of sexually active older women has found that sexual satisfaction in women increases with age and those not engaging in sex are satisfied with their sex lives. A majority of study participants report frequent arousal and orgasm that continue into old age, despite low sexual desire. The study appears in the January issue of the American Journal of Medicine.
Simple blood test in the first trimester predicts fetal gender
A new research study published in the January 2012 edition of The FASEB Journal describes findings that could lead to a non-invasive test that would let expecting mothers know the sex of their baby as early as the first trimester. Specifically, researchers from South Korea discovered that various ratios of two enzymes (DYS14/GAPDH), which can be extracted from a pregnant mother's blood, indicate if the baby will be a boy or a girl. Such a test would be the first of its kind.
New research finds trigger for breast cancer spread
Research led by Shyamal Desai, PhD, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, has discovered a key change in the body's defense system that increases the potential for breast cancer to spread to other parts of the body. The results, reported for the first time, are featured in the January 2012 issue of Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Explaining heart failure as a cause of diabetes
Either heart failure or diabetes alone is bad enough, but oftentimes the two conditions seem to go together. Now, researchers reporting in the January Cell Metabolism appear to have found the culprit that leads from heart failure to diabetes and perhaps a novel way to break that metabolic vicious cycle.
Anti-sense might make sense for treating liver cancer
A new study shows that it is possible to selectively target and block a particular microRNA that is important in liver cancer. The findings might offer a new therapy for this malignancy, which kills an estimated 549,000 people worldwide annually.
Researchers identify novel compound to halt virus replication
A team of scientists from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) have identified a novel compound that inhibits viruses from replicating. The findings, which are published online in the Journal of Virology, could lead to the development of highly targeted compounds to block the replication of poxviruses, such as the emerging infectious disease Monkeypox.
Autism may be linked to abnormal immune system characteristics and novel protein fragment
Immune system abnormalities that mimic those seen with autism spectrum disorders have been linked to the amyloid precursor protein (APP), reports a research team from the University of South Florida's Department of Psychiatry and the Silver Child Development Center.
Maternal liver grafts more tolerable for children with rare disease
Children with a rare, life-threatening disease that is the most common cause of neonatal liver failure – biliary atresia – better tolerate liver transplants from their mothers than from their fathers, according to a UCSF-led study.
Hydrogen sulfide reduces glucose-induced injury in kidney cells
Hydrogen sulfide, a gas notorious for its rotten-egg smell, may have redeeming qualities after all. It reduces high glucose-induced production of scarring proteins in kidney cells, researchers from The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio report in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. The paper is scheduled for print publication in early 2012.
Bariatric surgery associated with reduction in cardiovascular events and death
Among obese individuals, having bariatric surgery was associated with a reduced long-term incidence of cardiovascular deaths and events such as heart attack and stroke, according to a study in the January 4 issue of JAMA.
Short hospitalizations for heart attacks may increase readmissions in US
Patients treated for acute heart attacks in the United States are readmitted within 30 days more often than in other countries, a finding explained in part by significantly shorter initial hospitalizations, according to an international study led by researchers at Duke University Medical Center.
All weight gain is not the same: When overeating, calories, not protein, contribute to increase in body fat
In a study conducted among 25 healthy individuals living in a controlled setting who were randomized to overconsumption of different levels of protein diets, those consuming the low-protein diet had less weight gain compared to those consuming normal and high protein diets, and calories alone, and not protein appeared to contribute to an increase in body fat, according to a study in the January 4 issue of JAMA. The researchers also found that protein did contribute to changes in energy expenditure and lean body mass.
Experts urge BMI method for calculating weight in kids with eating disorders
An exact determination of expected body weight for adolescents based on age, height and gender is critical for diagnosis and management of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. However, there are no clear guidelines regarding the appropriate method for calculating this weight in children with such disorders.
Many NIH-funded clinical trials go unpublished over two years after completion
In a study that investigates the challenges of disseminating clinical research findings in peer-reviewed biomedical journals, Yale School of Medicine researchers have found that fewer than half of a sample of trials primarily or partially funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) were published within 30 months of completing the clinical trial.
Missing trial data threatens the integrity of medicine
Missing clinical trial data can harm patients and lead to futile costs to health systems, warn experts in the British Medical Journal today as part of an in-depth BMJ review of the matter.
Antiestrogen therapy may decrease risk for melanoma
(Medical Xpress) -- Women with breast cancer who take antiestrogen supplements may be decreasing their risk for melanoma, according to a study published in Cancer Prevention Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.
Exercise cuts bowel cancer risk
Researchers at the University of Western Australia (UWA) and the Western Australian Institute for Medical Research (WAIMR) have found people who engage in vigorous physical activity may be protected against types of colorectal cancer.
Mid-lane driving helps older adults stay safe
(Medical Xpress) -- It's official: older adults are naturally inclined to drive in the middle of the road, leaving the younger generation to cut corners.
'Silver bullet' supplement could slow brain aging
Professor David Rollo and a group of researchers at McMaster may have found a "silver bullet" when it comes to slowing the aging of the brain.
Can robots take over rehab?
Visiting the iMove center at UC Irvine's Gross Hall is like being on the set of a sci-fi movie. Here, the merging of machines and humans — the premise of such futuristic films as "Alien" and "The Terminator" — has become a reality.
Exercise is good for your waistline -- but it's a writing exercise
(Medical Xpress) -- Is losing weight as simple as doing a 15-minute writing exercise? In a new study published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, women who wrote about their most important values, like close relationships, music, or religion, lost more weight over the next few months than women who did not have that experience.
Gold kiwifruit each day reduce cold symptoms
(Medical Xpress) -- Adding gold kiwifruit to your diet may lead to less suffering from symptoms of common illnesses such as colds, research suggests.
Is pregnancy a disability?
(Medical Xpress) -- The Americans with Disabilities Act should be expanded to include pregnant workers, according to research to be presented Thursday, Jan. 5, at the American Association of Law Schools annual meeting in Washington, D.C.
Singapore admits DNA test procedures not followed
Official DNA testing procedures were not properly followed in more than 400 investigations in Singapore, the city-state's authorities have admitted.
A gene for depression localized
Psychiatric disorders can be described on many levels, the most traditional of which are subjective descriptions of the experience of being depressed and the use of rating scales that quantify depressive symptoms. Over the past two decades, research has developed other strategies for describing the biological underpinnings of depression, including volumetric brain measurements using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the patterns of gene expression in white blood cells.
Impaired quality of life: A warning signal after oesophageal cancer surgery
A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology shows that most patients who survive for at least five years after oesophageal cancer surgery recover an average quality of life. However, quality of life deteriorates significantly for one in six patients to a level that remains much lower than the average population in the five years after surgery. This suggests, say the researchers, that hospitals must be better at identifying this patient group.
Scientists reassess weight loss surgery for type 2 diabetes
Weight loss surgery is not a cure for type 2 diabetes, but it can improve blood sugar control, according to a new study published in the British Journal of Surgery. Whereas some previous studies have claimed that up to 80 per cent of diabetes patients have been cured following gastric bypass surgery, researchers at Imperial College London found that only 41 per cent of patients achieve remission using more stringent criteria.
Major variation in bladder cancer subtype trends highlights need for focused research
Researchers are being urged to differentiate between two types of bladder cancer when they carry out studies, after a detailed trends analysis revealed significant differences between the main subtypes of the disease.
If you plan, then you'll do... but it helps to have a friend
Many people look forward to the New Year for a new start on old habits. While you are more likely to do something if you plan it in advance, research funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), shows that partnering up or planning with someone can really boost the likelihood of sticking to your resolutions. This finding suggests that 'buddy schemes' could make a big difference to people following dieting plans, health programmes and could be integrated into government well-being initiatives.
Researchers discover protein that may represent new target for treating type 1 diabetes
Researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center's Institute for Regenerative Medicine and colleagues have discovered a new protein that may play a critical role in how the human body regulates blood sugar levels. Reporting in the current issue of Pancreas, the research team says the protein may represent a new target for treating type 1 diabetes.
Blogging may help teens dealing with social distress
Blogging may have psychological benefits for teens suffering from social anxiety, improving their self-esteem and helping them relate better to their friends, according to new research published by the American Psychological Association.
Star Trek Tricorder revisited: Toward a genre of medical scanners
A hand-held scanner, reminiscent of the fictional Star Trek medical Tricorder, images blood vessels through the skin and projects a map onto the skin showing nurses exactly where to insert a needle. A pocket-sized device checks blood sugar levels through the skin of people with diabetes — no pinprick or blood sample needed. Those innovations are among a new genre of medical imaging technology that's giving doctors and scientists noninvasive views into the body to diagnose and study diseases. A report on the topic appears in the current edition of Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN), the weekly newsmagazine of the American Chemical Society, the world's largest scientific society.
Dried licorice root fights the bacteria that cause tooth decay and gum disease
Scientists are reporting identification of two substances in licorice — used extensively in Chinese traditional medicine — that kill the major bacteria responsible for tooth decay and gum disease, the leading causes of tooth loss in children and adults. In a study in ACS' Journal of Natural Products, they say that these substances could have a role in treating and preventing tooth decay and gum disease.
Cancer-killing compound spares healthy cells
Lithocholic acid (LCA), naturally produced in the liver during digestion, has been seriously underestimated. A study published in the journal Oncotarget shows that LCA can kill several types of cancer cells, such as those found in some brain tumors and breast cancer.
Study shows updated rotavirus vaccine not linked to increase in bowel obstruction
The rotovirus vaccine was pulled from the marketplace in 1999 after being associated with painful gastrointestinal complications, however, the updated rotavirus vaccines do not appear to increase the occurrence of these potentially fatal side effects, according to a new study by child health experts at C.S. Mott Children's Hospital.
More US women having twins; rate at 1 in 30 babies
More U.S. women are having twins these days. The reason? Older moms and fertility treatments.
Fish oil during pregnancy does not protect against excessive adipose tissue development
Is obesity in infants "programmed" in the womb? Previously, researchers assumed that consumption of "bad" fats during pregnancy contribute to excessive infant adipose tissue growth and that "good" omega-3 fatty acids prevent expansive adipose tissue development. An study run by the Technische Universität München showed no evidence to support this "perinatal programming" theory.
Benefits of statin therapy may extend beyond lowering lipids
People with high cholesterol are at risk of heart attack and stroke because atherosclerotic plaques within their arteries can rupture triggering the formation of a blood clot called an occlusive thrombus that cuts off the blood supply to their heart or brain.
Guidelines stress caution when combining anti-epileptic, HIV drugs
New guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology will help physicians better choose seizure drugs for people on HIV/AIDS medication, avoiding deadly drug interactions and preventing critical anti-HIV drugs from becoming less effective, possibly leading to a more virulent strain of the disease.
Men and women have major personality differences
Men and women have large differences in personality, according to a new study published Jan. 4 in the online journal PLoS ONE.
How can Lyme disease be prevented and controlled?
Lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in the United States, with the majority of cases occurring in the Northeast. It has been three decades since the agent of the disease, the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, and the ticks that vector it were identified. However, the number of Lyme disease cases have steadily increased.
Research shows progress toward a genital herpes vaccine
An investigational vaccine protected some women against infection from one of the two types of herpes simplex viruses that cause genital herpes, according to findings in the New England Journal of Medicine.
New England Journal: 200 years of medical history
Unhappy with today's health care? Think of what it was like to be sick 200 years ago.
MIT suit puts a new wrinkle into feeling old (w/ video)
You've heard of the fat suit and the pregnancy suit; now meet AGNES - the old person suit.
A shot of young stem cells made rapidly aging mice live longer and healthier
Mice bred to age too quickly seemed to have sipped from the fountain of youth after scientists at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine injected them with stem cell-like progenitor cells derived from the muscle of young, healthy animals. Instead of becoming infirm and dying early as untreated mice did, animals that got the stem/progenitor cells improved their health and lived two to three times longer than expected, according to findings published in the Jan. 3 edition of Nature Communications.
Genetic predisposition to disease common in two supercentenarians: study
The first-ever published whole-genome sequences of not just one, but two supercentenarians, aged more than 114 years, reveal that both unusual and common genetic phenomena contribute to the genetic background of extreme human longevity.
'BINGO!' game helps researchers study perception deficits
Bingo, a popular activity in nursing homes, senior centers and assisted-living facilities, has benefits that extend well beyond socializing. Researchers found high-contrast, large bingo cards boost thinking and playing skills for people with cognitive difficulties and visual perception problems produced by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
Smaller sibling protein calls the shots in cell division
Scientists have found at least one instance when the smaller sibling gets to call the shots and cancer patients may one day benefit.
Scanadu developing a Medical Tricorder
(Medical Xpress) -- Do you remember the scenes from your favorite Star Trek episode where Dr. McCoy simple waves his scanner across an injured patient to diagnose the problem? Well, that technology may not be too far from becoming a reality as medical tech startup company Scanadu is creating a Tricorder.
Nap-deprived tots may be missing out on more than sleep: study
A new study led by the University of Colorado Boulder could be a wake-up call for parents of toddlers: Daytime naps for your kids may be more important than you think.
New clues to human deafness found in mice
Providing clues to deafness, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified a gene that is required for proper development of the mouse inner ear.
GABA signaling prunes back copious 'provisional' synapses during neural circuit assembly
Quite early in its development, the mammalian brain has all the raw materials on hand to forge complex neural networks. But forming the connections that make these intricate networks so exquisitely functional is a process that occurs one synapse at a time. An important question for neuroscience has been: how exactly do stable synapses form? How do nerve cells of particular types know which of their cortical neighbors to "synapse" with, and which to leave out of their emerging networks?
Facing complexity in the left brain/right brain paradigm
The left brain/right brain dichotomy has been prominent on the pop psychology scene since Nobel Laureate Roger Sperry broached the subject in the 1960s. The left is analytical while the right is creative, so goes the adage.
A call for an evolved understanding of emotion
(Medical Xpress) -- Many scientists believe that all people experience and express the same biologically “basic” emotions — an idea they have attributed to evolutionist Charles Darwin and one that has shaped modern security training and law enforcement techniques.
Experimental vaccine partially protects monkeys from HIV-like infection
Results from a recent study show that novel vaccine combinations can provide partial protection against infection by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) in rhesus monkeys. In addition, in the animals that became infected, the optimal vaccine combinations also substantially reduced the amount of virus in the blood. Results from the studies were published online today in the journal Nature.
Chiropractic treatment and exercise superior to drugs for neck pain: study
(Medical Xpress) -- A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine shows that when it comes to neck pain, visiting a chiropractor or performing regular neck exercises reduces neck pain better than pain medications.
Researchers discover new gene that regulates body weight
Abraham Kovoor was studying a brain protein, called RGS9 2, that he had previously related to the involuntary, random and repetitive body movements that are side effects of drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
Reprogrammed oestrogen binding linked to more aggressive breast cancer
(Medical Xpress) -- Scientists based at Cancer Research UK’s Cambridge Research Institute have discovered how receptors for the female sex hormone oestrogen attach to a different part of the DNA in breast cancer patients who are more likely to relapse, according to a study published in Nature today.
Patterns of connections reveal brain functions
For more than a decade, neuroscientists have known that many of the cells in a brain region called the fusiform gyrus specialize in recognizing faces. However, those cells don’t act alone: They need to communicate with several other parts of the brain. By tracing those connections, MIT neuroscientists have now shown that they can accurately predict which parts of the fusiform gyrus are face-selective.
Biology news
Jeanne Baret, botanist and first female circumnavigator, commemorated in name of new species
In 1766, Frenchwoman Jeanne Baret disguised herself as a man to work as assistant to renowned botanist Philibert Commerson on the first French circumnavigation of the globe. The expedition consisted of two ships under the command of Louis Antoine de Bougainville and was expected to take three years.
'20 tonnes of herring' washed up on Norwegian coast
Thousands of herring have floated ashore on Norway's western coast, leaving experts perplexed about the phenomenon, according to the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research.
Identifying sloth species at a genetic level
Identifying species, separating out closely related species and managing each type on its own, is an important part of any animal management system. Some species, like the two types of two-toed sloth, are so close in appearance and behavior that differentiation can be challenging. Conservation researchers at San Diego Zoo Global's Institute of Conservation Research have developed a mechanism for identifying these reclusive species from each other.
The private nuclear rooms of herpesviruses
Researchers from Princeton University have discovered why, despite being bombarded by many different herpesviruses, infected cells produce only a limited number of those viruses. They report their findings in the current issue of the online journal mBio.
How good are your horse's brakes?
Horseriding is a popular summer holiday activity, but few people know that horses kill more Australians annually than any other animal. Professor Paul McGreevy, from the University of Sydney's Faculty of Veterinary Science, is working on ways to 'check the brakes' on horses to ensure that they slow down on cue, saving both the horses and their riders.
Early land plants: Early adopters
The open-access journal PhytoKeys – known for applying cutting edge technologies in publishing and dissemination to accelerate biodiversity research – is pioneering an electronic-only publishing workflow in a series of papers published over the course of the first week of January 2012.
The Encyclopedia of Life expanding at a record pace
The Encyclopedia of Life (EOL, www.eol.org) continues to expand at a record pace with the addition of new content and partners. At the start of 2012, EOL provides data on nearly half of all described species, with new content in Spanish, rich information about conservation issues from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and NatureServe, and more images and videos than ever before.
US restricts some antibiotics in livestock
US health officials said Wednesday they will begin restricting the use of some antibiotics in cows, pigs and poultry due to concerns that infections in humans may be growing resistant to treatment.
How work tells muscles to grow
We take it for granted, but the fact that our muscles grow when we work them makes them rather unique. Now, researchers have identified a key ingredient needed for that bulking up to take place. A factor produced in working muscle fibers apparently tells surrounding muscle stem cell "higher ups" that it's time to multiply and join in, according to a study in the January Cell Metabolism, a Cell Press journal.
Scientists develop drought-tolerant alfalfa
With much of the Southwest struggling with drought, many ranchers and dairy farmers are having difficulty finding enough hay for their livestock and making tough choices: pay up to twice as much as last year and ship it in from hundreds of miles away or do without and sell off some of their herd.
Unique E. coli protein may be not after all
A bacterial protein recently thought to be a unique mechanism for utilizing iron may not be after all. Researchers from the University of Georgia, the Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes, the University of Oklahoma and the University of Utah School of Medicine report their findings in the latest issue of the online journal mBio.
Malawi reserve resurrected by 'Noah's Ark' project
Antelope, elephants, leopards and lions are grazing and reproducing again in a reserve in Malawi, resurrected through a repopulation project of biblical proportions.
Promiscuity of resistance plasmid unprecedented
Genetic analysis of an outbreak of drug-resistant infections in one institution shows an unprecedented level of transference of resistance among strains and even species of bacteria. Researchers from the University of Virginia and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report their findings in the current issue of the journal mBio.
Sunn hemp shows promise as biofuel source
Work by scientists at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) suggests that farmers in the Southeast could use the tropical legume sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in their crop rotations by harvesting the fast-growing annual for biofuel. The study, which was conducted by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists in Florence, S.C., supports the USDA priority of finding new sources of bioenergy. ARS is USDA's chief intramural scientific research agency.
Cracked eggs reveal secret life
Australian researchers have found a breakthrough technique that uses eggshells from endangered and extinct birds as a molecular resource—revealing insights into the behaviour and evolutionary history of Australian feathered fauna.
A quarter of a century of sweet corn observations
For more than a quarter of a century, Jerald "Snook" Pataky's research in the University of Illinois Sweet Corn Hybrid Disease Nursery has been helping growers make important decisions to increase their profitability.
Ecologists call for screening imported plants to prevent a new wave of invasive species
A recent analysis led by ecologist Bethany Bradley at the University of Massachusetts Amherst suggests that climate change predicted for the United States will boost demand for imported drought- and heat-tolerant landscaping plants from Africa and the Middle East. This greatly increases the risk that a new wave of invasives will overrun native ecosystems in the way kudzu, Oriental bittersweet and purple loosestrife have in the past, members of the international team say.
Salt water alone unlikely to halt Burmese python invasion
Invasive Burmese python hatchlings from the Florida Everglades can withstand exposure to salt water long enough to potentially expand their range through ocean and estuarine environments, according to research in the latest issue of the Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology.
Harp seals on thin ice after 32 years of warming
Warming in the North Atlantic over the last 32 years has significantly reduced winter sea ice cover in harp seal breeding grounds, resulting in sharply higher death rates among seal pups in recent years, according to a new Duke University-led study.
Aging-related degeneration caused by defects of energy metabolism in tissue stem cells?
Aging-related tissue degeneration can be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction in tissue stem cells. The research group of Professor Anu Suomalainen Wartiovaara in Helsinki University, with their collaborators in Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Karolinska Institutet and University of Wisconsin reported on the 3rd January in Cell Metabolism their results on mechanisms of aging-associated degeneration.
Bat brains parse sounds for multitasking
Imagine listening to music while carrying on a conversation with friends. This type of multi-tasking is fairly easy to do, right? That's because our brains efficiently and effectively separate the auditory signals – music to the right side; conversation to the left. But what researchers have not been able to do in humans or animals is to see a parsing of duties at the single neuron level – until now.
Manipulating way bacteria 'talk' could have practical applications
By manipulating the way bacteria "talk" to each other, researchers at Texas A&M University have achieved an unprecedented degree of control over the formation and dispersal of biofilms – a finding with potentially significant health and industrial applications, particularly to bioreactor technology.
Songbird brain synapses and glial cells capable of synthesizing estrogen
Colin Saldanha, a biology professor at American University in Washington, D.C., has always been intrigued by the hormone estrogen. Specifically, how the hormone that does so much (for example, it promotes sexual behavior in women but can also increase susceptibility to seizures) does not cause major cross circuit meltdowns.
'Lost world' discovered around Antarctic vents
Communities of species previously unknown to science have been discovered on the seafloor near Antarctica, clustered in the hot, dark environment surrounding hydrothermal vents.
Deadly fly parasite spotted for first time in honey bees
Honey bees can become the unwitting hosts of a fly parasite that causes them to abandon their hives and die after a bout of disoriented, "zombie-like" behavior, San Francisco State University researchers have found.
Climate change models may underestimate extinctions
Predictions of the loss of animal and plant diversity around the world are common under models of future climate change. But a new study shows that because these climate models don't account for species competition and movement, they could grossly underestimate future extinctions.
Microbe metabolism: For the smallest organisms, size determines how microbes spend energy
Every living organism balances a budget of sorts — by allocating energy to various parts of its body to fuel essential life processes. Throughout its lifetime, an organism may rebalance this budget to spend more energy on certain processes over others. How an organism spends its energy determines, in large part, its ability to survive in the world, and researchers who study “bioenergetics” are modeling energy use in organisms to understand how populations grow and evolve.
Researchers discover a compound that controls Listeria
In a year when cantaloupe tainted with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes killed 30 people, the discovery of a compound that controls this deadly bacteria -- and possibly others -- is great news.
New research shows how male spiders use eavesdropping to one-up their rivals
Researchers have made a new discovery into the complex world of spiders that reflects what some might perceive as similar behavior in human society. As male wolf spiders go searching for a mate, it appears they eavesdrop, match and even try to outdo the mating dances of their successful rivals, a behavior seen mainly in vertebrate animals.
Fish mimics octopus that mimics fish
Nature's game of intimidation and imitation comes full circle in the waters of Indonesia, where scientists have recorded for the first time an association between the black-marble jawfish (Stalix cf. histrio) and the mimic octopus (Thaumoctopus mimicus).
Silkworms spinning spider webs
(PhysOrg.com) -- A spiders silk is strong and more elastic and has a large range of possible medical applications. However, spiders have a history of being territorial and prone to cannibalism, so the idea of having a large population to produce commercial amounts of silk is not possible. However, silk worms have been producing their silk commercially for some time.
Scientists create first 3-D map of human genome
(PhysOrg.com) -- For the first time, scientists have developed a method for generating accurate three-dimensional models of the entire DNA strand of a cell, known as a genome.
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