Nature Reviews Microbiology contents February 2012 Volume 10 Number 2 pp 79-156

TABLE OF CONTENTS
February 2012 Volume 10 Number 2
Impact Factor 20.686 *	In this issue Research Highlights News and Analysis Reviews Perspectives Also this month  Featured article: From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth and morphology Athanasios Typas, Manuel Banzhaf, Carol A. Gross & Waldemar Vollmer
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Editorial: Closing the barn door...? p79 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2742 The decision of an independent oversight committee to recommend the redaction of sensitive information from two influenza research papers highlights the complexities of dual-use research. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top HIV: Tagged for destruction p81 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2739 The HIV-1 accessory protein Vif uses the host transcription cofactor CBFβ to tag the restriction factor APOBEC3G for proteasomal destruction. PDF Bacterial pathogenesis: A balancing act for LLO and PLC p82 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2732 Listeria monocytogenes PLCs trigger ROS production, but this is countered by LLO. PDF Marine microbiology: SAR86: streamlined for success p82 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2736 Genomic analysis of the abundant marine gammaproteobacterial clade SAR86 reveals metabolic details that shed light on the role of these organisms in the ocean. PDF Antimicrobials: Reversing resistance with phage p83 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2731 Proof-of-principle for using phages as vehicles for delivering dominant-sensitive genes into bacteria to reverse resistance. PDF Bacterial physiology: Environment shapes magnetic personality p84 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2734 Isolation and characterization of a novel greigite-producing magnetotactic bacterium. PDF Bacterial development: Racing to decide p84 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2735 In Bacillus subtilis, the choice between sporulation and competence is dependent on a molecular race between these two genetic programmes. PDF IN BRIEF HIV: Successful protection | Antimicrobials: Stressed by HOCl | Virology: Back to the HSV drawing board PDF Microbiology JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Position in Microbial Experimental Evolution University of Vienna, Department of Microbial Ecology Microbiologist Kelly Scientific Resources Account Manager Microbiology / Molecular Biology Invenia Resourcing Bioinformatic Specialist The University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics PhD Students in Molecular Medicine Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM) / Nordic EMBL Partnership More Science jobs from Microbiology EVENT Innate Immunity: Sensing the Microbes and Damage Signals (Q7) joint with The Microbiome (Q8) 04.-09.03.12 Colorado, US More science events from
NEWS AND ANALYSIS		Top
GENOME WATCH Sequencing parasite populations Alejandro Sanchez-Flores p85 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2738 This month's Genome Watch highlights how a population study, in conjunction with a reference genome, can identify the evolutionary features that contribute to drug resistance in a protozoan parasite. PDF
DISEASE WATCH In the news p86 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2741 Our monthly round up of infectious diseases news, which this month includes announcements by the US FDA regarding the use of antibiotics in livestock and a role for UV radiation in preventing the spread of VZV. PDF
REVIEWS		Top
Of ticks, mice and men: understanding the dual-host lifestyle of Lyme disease spirochaetes Justin D. Radolf, Melissa J. Caimano, Brian Stevenson & Linden T. Hu p87 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2714 Justin Radolf and colleagues summarize our accumulated knowledge of the molecular biology and virulence of Borrelia burgdorferi, and its interactions with the arthropod vector and mammalian hosts. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Proteasomes and protein conjugation across domains of life Julie Maupin-Furlow p100 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2696 Proteasomes exist in all domains of life and serve to degrade proteins. In eukaryotes, proteins are primarily targeted for proteasomal degradation through the addition of ubiquitin. Similarly, archaea and bacteria modify proteins with Pup and Samps, respectively, and this may also serve as a signal for proteasomal degradation. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
Candida albicans morphogenesis and host defence: discriminating invasion from colonization Neil A. R. Gow, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Alistair J. P. Brown & Mihai G. Netea p112 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2711 Candida albicans can grow as unicellular budding yeast cells and as filamentous hyphae. Mihai Netea and colleagues discuss the molecular mechanisms that drive this dimorphism, the changes that lead to differential interaction with the host, and the immunological mechanisms that discriminate between tissue colonization and invasion. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth and morphology Athanasios Typas, Manuel Banzhaf, Carol A. Gross & Waldemar Vollmer p123 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2677 The peptidoglycan sacculus maintains bacterial cell shape and provides mechanical strength to resist osmotic challenge. In this Review, Vollmer and colleagues describe recent insights into the mechanisms of peptidoglycan synthesis in Gram-negative bacteria and how this process is regulated by cytoskeletal and outer-membrane components. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
The dependence of viral RNA replication on co-opted host factors Peter D. Nagy & Judit Pogany p137 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2692 The replication of positive-sense RNA ((+)RNA) viruses involves numerous interactions between the RNA and proteins of the virus and proteins, membranes and lipids of the host. Host factors are thus key determinants of viral pathology as well as viral evolution. In this Review, Nagy and Pogany outline our current understanding of the host factors that facilitate the replication of (+)RNA viruses. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
PERSPECTIVES		Top
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: the trouble with immunity when you had none Daniel L. Barber, Bruno B. Andrade, Irini Sereti & Alan Sher p150 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2712 Some individuals who are infected with both HIV and an opportunistic pathogen develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) when CD4+ T cell numbers are restored. This reaction may arise from a hyper-responsiveness of innate immune cells to the newly reconstituted T cell help, and may apply to other cases of inflammatory pathology. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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