Nature contents: 01 December 2011

Can't view this email? Click here to view in your browser.     Volume 480 Number 7375      nature •Visit Nature homepage •Subscribe to Nature •View Table of Contents The science that matters. Every week.                       RNA-Seq just went from complicated to compatible. EA will provide your data in a format you are used to -- 100% microarray compatible format. Now you can have your data and use it too! Expresssion Analysis will help you detect 2x more differentially expressed transcripts, novel isoforms and SNVs and can achieve >97% alignment to your reference genome. 919-405-2248             Jump to the content that matters to you View Table of Contents ▶ ▼ News & Comment   ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Careers & Jobs       This week's highlights     Biological Sciences More Biological sciences ▼   Self-formation of functional adenohypophysis in three-dimensional culture   A three-dimensional cell culture system has been developed that produces functioning pituitary tissue from mouse embryonic stem cells. This opens the possibility of developing regenerative therapies for pituitary defects.       Biological Sciences More Biological sciences ▼   Mutations causing syndromic autism define an axis of synaptic pathophysiology   Experiments on mice carrying the single gene defects associated with two genetic diseases characterized by intellectual disability and autism demonstrate that two mutations can cause similar neuronal dysfunction by deviating from an optimal range of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5-mediated activity in opposite directions.       Physical Sciences More Physical sciences ▼   The unusual γ-ray burst GRB 101225A from a helium star/neutron star merger at redshift 0.33   The Christmas γ-ray burst, first detected on 25 December 2010, was a very unusual event. Two papers in this issue offer very different explanations for its puzzling properties. Here, Christina Thöne's group suggest a conventional supernova mechanism involving a merger between a helium star and a neutron star.                 Speed. Resolution. Sensitivity. Accuracy. Hamamatsu's NanoZoomer 2.0 Series delivers all this and more. The ultimate scientific digital image-maker and virtual microscopy tool, the NanoZoomer converts glass slides into digital slides quickly and accurately, making it perfect for viewing and analyzing slide-mounted tissue at any resolution. Get reliable scanning 24/7/365 in brightfield or fluorescence at the touch of a button.                 Podcast & Video     In this week's podcast: Antarctic explorer Scott the scientist, overlooked parts of the cell and the Earth's early atmosphere. Plus, the best of the rest from this week's Nature.         News & Comment Read daily news coverage▶ ▲top             THIS WEEK           Editorials                   Half way there ▶     Spain, Italy and Greece all have new governments and new research laws. Despite the pressures of economic austerity, investing in science now could bring disproportionate benefits.             False economy ▶     The Danish government's plan to axe technology assessment is ill-conceived.             A poor sequel ▶     Muted media response to the release of more climate e-mails shows science's strength.             World View                   Psychology must learn a lesson from fraud case ▶     Sharing data could help to avert scandals like the Diederik Stapel revelations, and improve the quality of research, says Jelte M. Wicherts.             Seven Days                   Seven days: 25 November–1 December 2011 ▶     The week in science: anti-HIV gel fails Africa trial; funding crunch for Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; and NASA's Curiosity rover bound for Mars.           NEWS IN FOCUS           Embattled scientist in theft probe ▶     Sacked virologist faces lawsuit from Nevada institute.             Australia's marine plans questioned ▶     Ocean reserves offer inadequate protection, critics say.             Scientists, meet capitalists ▶     US agencies and scientific societies aim to create jobs by teaching researchers how to be entrepreneurs.             Blockbuster drug bows out ▶     Pharmaceutical industry anxiously struggles to retool as Lipitor patent expires.             Outcry over EU budget plan ▶     Costly Earth-monitoring and fusion-energy projects could be stripped from main budget.             Features                   Fighting for the forest: The roadless warrior ▶     To save the Amazon, Bruce Babbitt wants to isolate islands of oil and gas production amid a sea of trees.             Cell biology: The new cell anatomy ▶     A menagerie of intriguing cell structures, some long-neglected and others newly discovered, is keeping biologists glued to their microscopes.           COMMENT           Antarctica: Turning the world upside down ▶     Research, not pole-bagging, was the lasting achievement of Antarctic exploration 100 years ago, says Edward J. Larson.             Climate change: High risk of permafrost thaw ▶     Northern soils will release huge amounts of carbon in a warmer world, say Edward A. G. Schuur, Benjamin Abbott and the Permafrost Carbon Network.             The new cell biology: Beyond HeLa cells ▶     To find out what distinguishes one cell type from another, cell biologists must renounce popular cell lines, argue Anthony H. Hyman and Kai Simons.             Books and Arts                   Physics: Atomic secrets ▶     Mystery lingers round the sudden defection of cold-war physicist Bruno Pontecorvo, finds Sharon Weinberger.             Museums: Stripped assets ▶     Paolo Mazzarello argues that the disposal of collections requires clear consultation with the public.             Books in brief ▶             Chemistry: An elemental heroine ▶     An opera on the astonishing life of Marie Curie enthralls Stefan Michalowski and Georgia Smith.             Correspondence                   Development models: Arab science to turn spring into summer M. Dahmani Fathallah | Double truth: Climate results for public vetting Mathis Hampel, Martin Mahony & Mike Hulme | Cloning technology: Control the bonanza for research eggs Marcy Darnovsky, Susan Berke Fogel & Judy Norsigian | Food security: A role for Europe Tim Benton, Tibor Hartel & Josef Settele | Food security: Close crop yield gap Robert Finger           Obituary                   John McCarthy (1927–2011) ▶     The scientist who set computers on the path to common sense.             Correction                   Clarification ▶                         Call for Proposals Grants for research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of PML are now available from the Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Consortium. Letters of intent due January 31, 2012. Please visit www.pmlconsortium.org for more information.               Biological Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Physiology: Immune cells fuel the fire ▶     Andrew J. Whittle & Antonio Vidal-Puig             New gene functions in megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation ▶     Christian Gieger, Aparna Radhakrishnan, Ana Cvejic, Weihong Tang, Eleonora Porcu et al.     Platelets are the second most abundant cell type in blood and are essential for ...             Antibody-based protection against HIV infection by vectored immunoprophylaxis ▶     Alejandro B. Balazs, Joyce Chen, Christin M. Hong, Dinesh S. Rao, Lili Yang et al.     Despite tremendous efforts, development of an effective vaccine against human im...             Structures of the multidrug exporter AcrB reveal a proximal multisite drug-binding pocket ▶     Ryosuke Nakashima, Keisuke Sakurai, Seiji Yamasaki, Kunihiko Nishino & Akihito Yamaguchi     AcrB and its homologues are the principal multidrug transporters in Gram-negativ...             GlcNAcylation of histone H2B facilitates its monoubiquitination ▶     Ryoji Fujiki, Waka Hashiba, Hiroki Sekine, Atsushi Yokoyama, Toshihiro Chikanishi et al.     Chromatin reorganization is governed by multiple post-translational modification...             An equilibrium-dependent retroviral mRNA switch regulates translational recoding ▶     Brian Houck-Loomis, Michael A. Durney, Carolina Salguero, Neelaabh Shankar, Julia M. Nagle et al.     Most retroviruses require translational recoding of a viral messenger RNA stop c...             Structure of a methyl-coenzyme M reductase from Black Sea mats that oxidize methane anaerobically ▶     Seigo Shima, Martin Krueger, Tobias Weinert, Ulrike Demmer, Jörg Kahnt et al.     The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) with sulphate, an area currently genera...             Response to self antigen imprints regulatory memory in tissues ▶     Michael D. Rosenblum, Iris K. Gratz, Jonathan S. Paw, Karen Lee, Ann Marshak-Rothstein et al.     Immune homeostasis in tissues is achieved through a delicate balance between pat...             Miwi catalysis is required for piRNA amplification-independent LINE1 transposon silencing ▶     Michael Reuter, Philipp Berninger, Shinichiro Chuma, Hardik Shah, Mihoko Hosokawa et al.     Repetitive-element-derived Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) act together with Piwi...             Nuclear PKM2 regulates β-catenin transactivation upon EGFR activation ▶     Weiwei Yang, Yan Xia, Haitao Ji, Yanhua Zheng, Ji Liang et al.     The embryonic pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) isoform is highly expressed in human can...             Image-based genome-wide siRNA screen identifies selective autophagy factors ▶     Anthony Orvedahl, Rhea Sumpter Jr, Guanghua Xiao, Aylwin Ng, Zhongju Zou et al.     Selective autophagy involves the recognition and targeting of specific cargo, su...             Articles and Letters                   Self-formation of functional adenohypophysis in three-dimensional culture ▶     Hidetaka Suga, Taisuke Kadoshima, Maki Minaguchi, Masatoshi Ohgushi, Mika Soen et al.     The adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) is a major centre for systemic hormones...             Mutations causing syndromic autism define an axis of synaptic pathophysiology ▶     Benjamin D. Auerbach, Emily K. Osterweil & Mark F. Bear     Tuberous sclerosis complex and fragile X syndrome are genetic diseases character...             Energetics and the evolution of human brain size ▶     Ana Navarrete, Carel P. van Schaik & Karin Isler     The human brain stands out among mammals by being unusually large. The expensive...             A SUMOylation-defective MITF germline mutation predisposes to melanoma and renal carcinoma ▶     Corine Bertolotto, Fabienne Lesueur, Sandy Giuliano, Thomas Strub, Mahaut de Lichy et al.     So far, no common environmental and/or phenotypic factor has been associated wit...             A novel recurrent mutation in MITF predisposes to familial and sporadic melanoma ▶     Satoru Yokoyama, Susan L. Woods, Glen M. Boyle, Lauren G. Aoude, Stuart MacGregor et al.     So far, two genes associated with familial melanoma have been identified, accoun...             Alternatively activated macrophages produce catecholamines to sustain adaptive thermogenesis ▶     Khoa D. Nguyen, Yifu Qiu, Xiaojin Cui, Y. P. Sharon Goh, Julia Mwangi et al.     All homeotherms use thermogenesis to maintain their core body temperature, ensur...             Lyn is a redox sensor that mediates leukocyte wound attraction in vivo ▶     Sa Kan Yoo, Taylor W. Starnes, Qing Deng & Anna Huttenlocher     Tissue wounding induces the rapid recruitment of leukocytes. Wounds and tumours|...             Control of Drosophila endocycles by E2F and CRL4CDT2 ▶     Norman Zielke, Kerry J. Kim, Vuong Tran, Shusaku T. Shibutani, Maria-Jose Bravo et al.     Endocycles are variant cell cycles comprised of DNA synthesis (S)- and gap (G)-p...             Cascades of multisite phosphorylation control Sic1 destruction at the onset of S phase ▶     Mardo Kõivomägi, Ervin Valk, Rainis Venta, Anna Iofik, Martin Lepiku et al.     Multisite phosphorylation of proteins has been proposed to transform a graded pr...             News & Views                   Evolution: Big brains explained ▶     Richard Potts             Regenerative Medicine: Organ recital in a dish ▶     Karine Rizzoti & Robin Lovell-Badge             Physiology: Immune cells fuel the fire ▶     Andrew J. Whittle & Antonio Vidal-Puig             Brief Communications Arising                   Fundamental limits of ‘ankylography’ due to dimensional deficiency ▶     Haiqing Wei             Corrigenda                   DNA demethylation for hormone-induced transcriptional derepression ▶     Mi-sun Kim, Takeshi Kondo, Ichiro Takada, Min-young Youn, Yoko Yamamoto, Sayuri Takahashi et al.             A draft genome of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death ▶     Kirsten I. Bos, Verena J. Schuenemann, G. Brian Golding, Hernán A. Burbano, Nicholas Waglechner et al.             Research Highlights                   Medicine: Double radiation shield | Evolution: Big bites help bats diversify | Neuroscience: Sleep calms the emotions | Palaeoanthropology: Diet sculpts human jaws | Molecular Medicine: Liver disease target | Zoology: Spiders' chemical deterrent         NEWS & COMMENT           Psychology must learn a lesson from fraud case | Embattled scientist in theft probe | Australia's marine plans questioned | Blockbuster drug bows out | Cell biology: The new cell anatomy | Single-cell analysis: The deepest differences | The new cell biology: Beyond HeLa cells | Museums: Stripped assets | Books in brief | Cloning technology: Control the bonanza for research eggs Marcy Darnovsky, Susan Berke Fogel & Judy Norsigian | Food security: A role for Europe Tim Benton, Tibor Hartel & Josef Settele | Food security: Close crop yield gap Robert Finger | John McCarthy (1927–2011)           CAREERS           Single-cell analysis: Imaging is everything             More Biological Sciences ▶                         Enhance your reading experience High quality content like this deserves the best reading experience. You can now view, highlight and annotate Nature articles through the ReadCube web reader. Link directly to in-line citations, and view supplementary information. By downloading the full ReadCube desktop app you can sync your edits straight from the web reader. Download today.               Chemical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   GlcNAcylation of histone H2B facilitates its monoubiquitination ▶     Ryoji Fujiki, Waka Hashiba, Hiroki Sekine, Atsushi Yokoyama, Toshihiro Chikanishi et al.     Chromatin reorganization is governed by multiple post-translational modification...             Miwi catalysis is required for piRNA amplification-independent LINE1 transposon silencing ▶     Michael Reuter, Philipp Berninger, Shinichiro Chuma, Hardik Shah, Mihoko Hosokawa et al.     Repetitive-element-derived Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) act together with Piwi...             Nuclear PKM2 regulates β-catenin transactivation upon EGFR activation ▶     Weiwei Yang, Yan Xia, Haitao Ji, Yanhua Zheng, Ji Liang et al.     The embryonic pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) isoform is highly expressed in human can...             Articles and Letters                   Lyn is a redox sensor that mediates leukocyte wound attraction in vivo ▶     Sa Kan Yoo, Taylor W. Starnes, Qing Deng & Anna Huttenlocher     Tissue wounding induces the rapid recruitment of leukocytes. Wounds and tumours|...             Research Highlights                   Organic chemistry: Random mix reveals reaction         NEWS & COMMENT           Chemistry: An elemental heroine             More Chemical Sciences ▶               Physical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Frictional ageing from interfacial bonding and the origins of rate and state friction ▶     Qunyang Li, Terry E. Tullis, David Goldsby & Robert W. Carpick     Earthquakes have long been recognized as being the result of stick–slip ...             Atomic homodyne detection of continuous-variable entangled twin-atom states ▶     C. Gross, H. Strobel, E. Nicklas, T. Zibold, N. Bar-Gill et al.     Historically, the completeness of quantum theory has been questioned using the c...             Articles and Letters                   The unusual gamma-ray burst GRB 101225A explained as a minor body falling onto a neutron star ▶     S. Campana, G. Lodato, P. D’Avanzo, N. Panagia, E. M. Rossi et al.     The tidal disruption of a solar-mass star around a supermassive black hole has b...             The unusual γ-ray burst GRB 101225A from a helium star/neutron star merger at redshift 0.33 ▶     C. C. Thöne, A. de Ugarte Postigo, C. L. Fryer, K. L. Page, J. Gorosabel et al.     Long γ-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most dramatic examples of massive stellar...             Observation of a pairing pseudogap in a two-dimensional Fermi gas ▶     Michael Feld, Bernd Fröhlich, Enrico Vogt, Marco Koschorreck & Michael Köhl     Pairing of fermions is ubiquitous in nature, underlying many phenomena. Examples...             Reviews and Perspectives                   The case against climate regulation via oceanic phytoplankton sulphur emissions ▶     P. K. Quinn & T. S. Bates     More than twenty years ago, a biological regulation of climate was proposed wher...             News & Views                   Forum Optics: Perfect lenses in focus ▶     Tomáš Tyc & Xiang Zhang             Astrophysics: A puzzling γ-ray burst ▶     Enrico Costa             Brief Communications Arising                   Fundamental limits of ‘ankylography’ due to dimensional deficiency ▶     Haiqing Wei             Non-uniqueness and instability of ‘ankylography’ ▶     Ge Wang, Hengyong Yu, Wenxiang Cong & Alexander Katsevich             Research Highlights                   Technology: Low-power magnetic switch | Materials science: Stretchy graphene transistors         NEWS & COMMENT           A poor sequel | Outcry over EU budget plan | Climate change: High risk of permafrost thaw | Physics: Atomic secrets | Books in brief | Chemistry: An elemental heroine | Double truth: Climate results for public vetting Mathis Hampel, Martin Mahony & Mike Hulme           CAREERS           Turning point: Jonathan Cirtain             More Physical Sciences ▶               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Frictional ageing from interfacial bonding and the origins of rate and state friction ▶     Qunyang Li, Terry E. Tullis, David Goldsby & Robert W. Carpick     Earthquakes have long been recognized as being the result of stick–slip ...             Structure of a methyl-coenzyme M reductase from Black Sea mats that oxidize methane anaerobically ▶     Seigo Shima, Martin Krueger, Tobias Weinert, Ulrike Demmer, Jörg Kahnt et al.     The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) with sulphate, an area currently genera...             Articles and Letters                   The unusual gamma-ray burst GRB 101225A explained as a minor body falling onto a neutron star ▶     S. Campana, G. Lodato, P. D’Avanzo, N. Panagia, E. M. Rossi et al.     The tidal disruption of a solar-mass star around a supermassive black hole has b...             The oxidation state of Hadean magmas and implications for early Earth’s atmosphere ▶     Dustin Trail, E. Bruce Watson & Nicholas D. Tailby     Magmatic outgassing of volatiles from Earth’s interior probably played a...             Subduction dynamics and the origin of Andean orogeny and the Bolivian orocline ▶     F. A. Capitanio, C. Faccenna, S. Zlotnik & D. R. Stegman     The building of the Andes results from the subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate...             Correlation between deep fluids, tremor and creep along the central San Andreas fault ▶     Michael Becken, Oliver Ritter, Paul A. Bedrosian & Ute Weckmann     The seismicity pattern along the San Andreas fault near Parkfield and Cholame, C...             Reviews and Perspectives                   The case against climate regulation via oceanic phytoplankton sulphur emissions ▶     P. K. Quinn & T. S. Bates     More than twenty years ago, a biological regulation of climate was proposed wher...             News & Views                   Astrophysics: A puzzling γ-ray burst ▶     Enrico Costa             Earth science: Redox state of early magmas ▶     Bruno Scaillet & Fabrice Gaillard             Research Highlights                   Physics: Thunder but no lightning         NEWS & COMMENT           A poor sequel | Australia's marine plans questioned | Outcry over EU budget plan | Fighting for the forest: The roadless warrior | Antarctica: Turning the world upside down | Climate change: High risk of permafrost thaw | Double truth: Climate results for public vetting Mathis Hampel, Martin Mahony & Mike Hulme | Food security: A role for Europe Tim Benton, Tibor Hartel & Josef Settele | Food security: Close crop yield gap Robert Finger             More Earth & Environmental Sciences ▶               Special - Technology Feature ▲top               Single-cell analysis: The deepest differences ▶     To understand biological heterogeneity, researchers are learning how to profile the molecular contents of individual cells.                          Scientific Reports publishes its 100th open access paper Hosted on nature.com and uploaded daily, you can expect scientifically sound, peer-reviewed original research from across all of the natural sciences - without barriers to access! Scientific Reports is accepting submissions for technically sound original research. Submit your next paper to Scientific Reports!               Careers & Jobs ▲top               Single-cell analysis: Imaging is everything ▶     Advances in single-cell imaging bring opportunities for physicists, biologists and chemists alike.                   Turning point: Jonathan Cirtain ▶     Former athlete's move into solar physics and telescope design leads to award.                   Careers related news & comment                   False economy | Embattled scientist in theft probe | Blockbuster drug bows out | Outcry over EU budget plan | Fighting for the forest: The roadless warrior | Double truth: Climate results for public vetting Mathis Hampel, Martin Mahony & Mike Hulme             naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Chester F. 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