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Here is your customized PHYSorg.com Newsletter for week 33:
Experiments offer tantalizing clues as to why matter prevails in the universe
A large collaboration of physicists working at the Fermilab Tevatron particle collider has discovered evidence of an explanation for the prevalence of matter over antimatter in the universe. They found that colliding protons in their experiment produced short-lived B meson particles that almost immediately broke down into debris that included slightly more matter than antimatter. The two types of matter annihilate each other, so most of the material coming from these sorts of decays would disappear, leaving an excess of regular matter behind.
Solar-powered toothbrush doesn't require toothpaste
(PhysOrg.com) -- Researchers have designed a toothbrush that cleans teeth by creating a solar-powered chemical reaction in the mouth, doing away with the need for toothpaste.
International research team develops ultrahigh-power energy storage devices
A team of researchers from the U.S. and France report the development of a mirco-supercapacitor with remarkable properties. The paper will be published in the premier scientific journal Nature Nanotechnology online on August 15.
How Much Mass Makes a Black Hole? Astronomers Challenge Current Theories
(PhysOrg.com) -- Using ESO's Very Large Telescope, European astronomers have for the first time demonstrated that a magnetar -- an unusual type of neutron star -- was formed from a star with at least 40 times as much mass as the Sun. The result presents great challenges to current theories of how stars evolve, as a star as massive as this was expected to become a black hole, not a magnetar. This now raises a fundamental question: just how massive does a star really have to be to become a black hole?
Scientists discover first new chlorophyll in 60 years
(PhysOrg.com) -- University of Sydney scientists have stumbled upon the first new chlorophyll to be discovered in over 60 years and have published their findings in the international journal Science.
The rich have more money but the poor are rich in heart: study
(PhysOrg.com) -- The world could one day be an economically equal place, if the lower-income population have anything to do with it. In an interesting yet disheartening series of socioeconomic experiments, led by a team of UC Berkeley researchers, the findings are that those on the lower-income levels are more likely to give and be charitable than their higher paid counterparts.
Researchers make magnetic fields breakthrough
(PhysOrg.com) -- Researchers at the University of Dundee have made a breakthrough in the study of magnetic fields, which enhances our understanding of how stars, including the Sun, work.
Cosmic accelerators discovered in our galaxy by UCLA physicists, Japanese colleague
Physicists from UCLA and Japan have discovered evidence of "natural nuclear accelerators" at work in our Milky Way galaxy, based on an analysis of data from the world's largest cosmic ray detector.
Could thermodynamic fluctuations have led to the origins of life?
In the field of abiogenesis, scientists are currently investigating several ways in which life could have arisen from non-living matter. Generally, any theory of abiogenesis should account for two important aspects of life: replication (the ability to transmit mutations to offspring) and metabolism (the chemical reactions required for vital activities such as breaking down food). Although these two characteristics help to provide a working definition of life, more recently scientists have emphasized the importance of another key feature required for Darwinian evolution: selection, or the replication of mutations that provide an evolutionary advantage.
German researchers take a look inside molecules
Looking at individual molecules through a microscope is part of nanotechnologists' everyday lives. However, it has so far been difficult to observe atomic structures inside organic molecules. In the renowned scientific journal Physical Review Letters, Juelich researchers explain their novel method, which enables them to take an "x-ray view" inside molecules. The method may facilitate the analysis of organic semiconductors and proteins.
Researchers describe secrets of 'magic' antidepressant
Yale researchers have discovered how a novel anti-depressant can take effect in hours, rather than the weeks or months usually required for most drugs currently on the market. The findings, described in the August 20 issue of the journal Science, should speed development of a safe and easy-to-administer form of the anti-depressant ketamine, which has already proven remarkably effective in treating severely depressed patients.
Roller coaster superconductivity discovered
Superconductors are more than 150 times more efficient at carrying electricity than copper wires. However, to attain the superconducting state, these materials have to be cooled below an extremely low, so-called transition temperature, at which point normal electrical resistance disappears. Developing superconductors with higher transition temperatures is one of physics' greatest quests.
Researchers 'stretch' a lackluster material into a possible electronics revolution
It's the Clark Kent of oxide compounds, and - on its own - it is pretty boring. But slice europium titanate nanometers thin and physically stretch it, and then it takes on super hero-like properties that could revolutionize electronics, according to new Cornell research. (Nature, Aug. 19, 2010.)
Sony unveils 'Single Wire Interface Technology'
(PhysOrg.com) -- With Sony's newly-developed 'single wire interface technology' bi-directional transmission of multiple signals, including video, audio and control signals can propagate over a single copper cable. DC power is also sent along the same cable by using Sony's unique encoding technology with DC balance.
Mother of all humans lived 200,000 years ago
The most robust statistical examination to date of our species' genetic links to "mitochondrial Eve" -- the maternal ancestor of all living humans -- confirms that she lived about 200,000 years ago. The Rice University study was based on a side-by-side comparison of 10 human genetic models that each aim to determine when Eve lived using a very different set of assumptions about the way humans migrated, expanded and spread across Earth.
Computer chip that computes probabilities and not logic
(PhysOrg.com) -- Lyric Semiconductor has unveiled a new type of chip that uses probability inputs and outputs instead of the conventional 1's and 0's used in logic chips today. Crunching probabilities is much more applicable to many computing task performed today rather than binary logic.
Discovery of possible earliest animal life pushes back fossil record
Scientists may have discovered in Australia the oldest fossils of animal bodies. These findings push back the clock on the scientific world's thinking regarding when animal life appeared on Earth. The results suggest that primitive sponge-like creatures lived in ocean reefs about 650 million years ago.
Human-electric hybrid car expected next year (w/ Video)
A human-electric hybrid vehicle, the "Imagine PS," capable of 100 kph (60 mph) on the flat and 50 kph uphill, is expected to be commercially available next year.
Overlooked element could be part of dream team for quantum computing
A team of scientists based at the London Centre for Nanotechnology and the National High Magnetic Field Lab (NHMFL) in Florida has discovered a new and more efficient way to encode quantum information within silicon.
New system developed to test and evaluate high-energy laser weapons
Technologies for using laser energy to destroy threats at a distance have been in development for many years. Today, these technologies -- known as directed energy weapons -- are maturing to the point of becoming deployable.
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