26 August 2010 Volume 466 Number 7310, pp 1023 - 1148
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Nature Outlook Parkinson's disease
Like the condition itself, advances in understanding and treating
Parkinson's disease have come slowly yet inexorably. Finally,
however, we might be near the tipping point. With prevalence
predicted to exceed 8 million in the next 20 years, new ways to
treat Parkinson's disease are urgently needed.
Access the outlook free online for 3 months.
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----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
Collateral damage p1023
An investigation at Harvard University highlights the human cost of
scientific misconduct.
doi:10.1038/4661023a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Australia's mixed climate p1023
A coalition government could be what the country needs to make
headway on an emissions policy.
doi:10.1038/4661023b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=115&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Evolutionary biology: Lice in hiding p1024
doi:10.1038/4661024a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Applied physics: Record data storage p1024
doi:10.1038/4661024b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=95&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Quick mood lift p1024
doi:10.1038/4661024c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: Exploding computer models p1024
doi:10.1038/4661024d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=74&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Animal behaviour: Genetics and culture clash p1024
doi:10.1038/4661024e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: Brown dwarf spotted pp1024-1025
doi:10.1038/4661024f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=86&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Developmental biology: Live-action embryos p1025
doi:10.1038/4661025a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=145&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer biology: Muscling in on cancer p1025
doi:10.1038/4661025b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=129&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neurodegeneration: Cell respiration ruin p1025
doi:10.1038/4661025c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=123&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: Oldest rock p1025
doi:10.1038/4661025d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=143&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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JOURNAL CLUB
----------------------
Journal club p1025
Richard E. Zeebe
doi:10.1038/4661025e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=136&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS
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News briefing: 20–26 August 2010 pp1026-1027
The week in science.
doi:10.1038/4661026a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=17&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Big science feels the pinch in Europe pp1028-1029
Financial hard times in member states are fuelling calls for budget
savings across the board.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/4661028a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Sugar synthesis speeds up p1029
Automated synthesizers can make complex carbohydrates on demand.
Richard Van Noorden
doi:10.1038/4661029a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
G-whizzes disagree over gravity p1030
Recent measurements of gravitational constant increase uncertainty
over accepted value.
Eugenie Samuel Reich
doi:10.1038/4661030a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=280&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Key Alzheimer's findings questioned p1031
Conflicting results cloud link to prion protein.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/4661031a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Battle to degas deadly lakes continues p1033
Funding shortage is biggest hurdle for those striving to disarm three
rare but lethal geological hazards.
Nicola Jones
doi:10.1038/4661033a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=310&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nuclear theory nudged p1034
Results from mothballed facility challenge established theory.
Eugenie Samuel Reich
doi:10.1038/4661034a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=307&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS FEATURE
----------------------
Genetics: Pet project pp1036-1038
Stymied in the search for genes underlying human neuropsychiatric
diseases, some researchers are looking to dogs instead.
David Cyranoski meets the geneticist's new best friend.
doi:10.1038/4661036a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=305&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Consumers have a right to affordable genetic testing p1040
Christopher Kanan
doi:10.1038/4661040a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Misconduct: don't assume science is self-correcting p1040
Thomas P. Hettinger
doi:10.1038/4661040b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=41&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Misconduct: don't penalize the honest majority of scientists p1040
John P. Moore
doi:10.1038/4661040c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=37&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Proposals for surface-temperature databank now open for scrutiny
p1040
Peter Stott and Peter Thorne
doi:10.1038/4661040d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Clarifying knowledge ownership in Europe's medicines initiative
pp1040-1041
Kim De Rijck and Michel Goldman
doi:10.1038/4661040e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mosquitoes: schemes to render them extinct are impracticable p1041
Stephen M. Smith
doi:10.1038/4661041a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mosquitoes: first evaluate impacts of eradicating them p1041
Jon D. Hoekstra
doi:10.1038/4661041b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mosquitoes: retain an ex situ population for ecological insurance
p1041
Ben Phalan
doi:10.1038/4661041c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mosquitoes: just how much biodiversity does humanity need? p1041
Fern Wickson
doi:10.1038/4661041d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
OPINIONS
----------------------
Disasters widen the rich-poor gap p1042
New Orleans's recovery five years on from Katrina is a harbinger of
how climate change will drive a thicker wedge between the haves and
the have-nots, says John Mutter.
John Mutter
doi:10.1038/4661042a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Save your census p1043
National censuses and surveys are threatened around the world by high
costs and low response rates. The demographic data they yield are too
valuable to lose, warn Stephen E. Fienberg and Kenneth Prewitt.
Stephen E. Fienberg and Kenneth Prewitt
doi:10.1038/4661043a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Last days of the lone astronomer pp1044-1045
A celebratory account of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey highlights
astronomy's culture shift to big science -- but at what risk to
individual ingenuity, asks Joss Bland-Hawthorn?
Joss Bland-Hawthorn reviews A Grand and Bold Thing: An Extraordinary
New Map of the Universe Ushering in a New Era of Discovery by Ann
Finkbeiner
doi:10.1038/4661044a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=9&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Preserving social difference p1045
Andrew Robinson reviews What Makes Civilization? The Ancient Near
East and the Future of the West by David Wengrow
doi:10.1038/4661045a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=11&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Japanese view of the natural world p1046
David Cyranoski reviews Sensing Nature: Rethinking the Japanese
Perception of Nature
doi:10.1038/4661046a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
OUTLOOK
----------------------
Parkinson's disease pS1
Michelle Grayson
doi:10.1038/466S2a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Secrets of the shaking palsy ppS2-S5
Parkinson's disease might have much in common with Alzheimer's
disease, prion diseases and other protein-aggregation disorders.
Jim Schnabel investigates.
doi:10.1038/466S2b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Levodopa: the story so far ppS6-S7
Alison Abbott explores the history of the first treatment for
Parkinson's disease since its dramatic debut in the swinging sixties.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/466S6a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=256&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Parkinson's disease: a model dilemma ppS8-S10
The lack of a good animal model is frustrating efforts to curb
disease progression, explains M. Flint Beal.
M. Flint Beal
doi:10.1038/466S8a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biomarkers: casting the net wide ppS11-S12
To have any hope of affecting the course of Parkinson's disease,
early diagnosis is essential. Rachel Jones assesses progress so far.
Rachel Jones
doi:10.1038/466S11a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=252&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Slowing the decline ppS13-S14
The search is on for disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's
disease, but, as Ruth Williams discovers, developing a compound is
only part of the problem.
Ruth Williams
doi:10.1038/466S13a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Treatment frontiers ppS15-S18
Cell replacement, gene therapy, and electrical and optical
stimulation for the brain -- Kerri Smith looks to the future of
Parkinson's disease therapies.
Kerri Smith
doi:10.1038/466S15a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Condensed-matter physics: The dance of electrons and holes
pp1047-1048
How many pairs of electrons and 'missing electrons' can sustain
collective motion in a semiconductor? The limits of this electron-hole
dance are found by probing the dance floor using ultrashort laser
pulses.
Gregory D. Scholes
doi:10.1038/4661047a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=313&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural biology: Conservation in vesicle coats pp1048-1049
Coat proteins of vesicles involved in intracellular membrane
trafficking have closely related molecular architectures. The
structure of COPI extends known similarities, and strengthens the
case for a common evolutionary origin.
Stephen C. Harrison and Tomas Kirchhausen
doi:10.1038/4661048a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=321&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astrophysics: Making black holes from scratch pp1049-1050
The means by which supermassive black holes form and grow have
remained largely unclear. Numerical simulations show that the
collision of massive galaxies can naturally lead to the creation of
these objects.
Marta Volonteri
doi:10.1038/4661049a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=332&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p1050
doi:10.1038/4661050a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell cycle: Retinoblastoma, a trip organizer pp1051-1052
The retinoblastoma protein is essential for accurate DNA replication,
and its loss is commonly associated with cancer. It emerges that this
protein also regulates another stage of the cell cycle.
Giovanni Bosco
doi:10.1038/4661051a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neurodegeneration: An expansion in ALS genetics pp1052-1053
Aggregates and mutations of the proteins ataxin-2 and TDP-43 have
been implicated in distinct neurodegenerative disorders. An interplay
between these proteins is now reported for amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis.
Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne and Don W. Cleveland
doi:10.1038/4661052a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=297&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quantum mechanics: The usefulness of uselessness pp1053-1054
A game for three or more players called 'guess your neighbour's
input' reveals common ground between classical and quantum physics
-- at the expense of more exotic, super-quantum, theories of nature.
Andreas Winter
doi:10.1038/4661053a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=304&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer: Viruses' backup plan pp1054-1055
Tumour viruses can cause cancer by altering gene expression and
protein activity in the host cell. Tumour adenoviruses, however, seem
to go to great lengths to ensure that one particular host cell
protein, p53, is suppressed.
Kevin M. Ryan
doi:10.1038/4661054a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ANALYSIS
----------------------
The evolution of eusociality pp1057-1062
Martin A. Nowak, Corina E. Tarnita and Edward O. Wilson
doi:10.1038/nature09205
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING
----------------------
Evidence for male allocation in pipefish? pE11
Darryl T. Gwynne, Kevin A. Judge and Clint D. Kelly
doi:10.1038/nature09275
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Paczolt & Jones reply pE12
Kimberly A. Paczolt and Adam G. Jones
doi:10.1038/nature09276
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Lithospheric layering in the North American craton pp1063-1068
These authors show that changes in seismic anisotropy with depth
across the stable part of North America reveal the presence of two
lithospheric layers. The top layer, which is chemically depleted, is
~150 km thick under the ancient core of the continent and tapers out
along its younger borders. The bottom of the lithosphere is
relatively flat, in agreement with the presence of a thermal
conductive root that subsequently formed around the depleted chemical
layer.
Huaiyu Yuan and Barbara Romanowicz
doi:10.1038/nature09332
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ataxin-2 intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions are associated
with increased risk for ALS pp1069-1075
The causes of the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS) are poorly understood, although the protein TDP-43
seems to be involved. These authors show that the
polyglutamine-containing protein ataxin 2 interacts with TDP-43 and
is a potent modifier of TDP-43 toxicity. Moreover,
intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions in the ataxin 2 gene
significantly associate with ALS. These data establish the ataxin 2
gene as a new and relatively common ALS disease susceptibility gene.
Andrew C. Elden et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09320
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=299&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Heterochromatin silencing of p53 target genes by a small viral
protein pp1076-1081
Adenovirus E1B-55k targets transcription factor p53 for degradation
and is thought to be critical for p53 inactivation during adenovirus
replication. Indeed, mutant viruses lacking E1B-55k have been tested
as viral cancer therapies selective for p53-positive tumours. These
authors find another adenoviral protein, E4-ORF3, to inactivate p53
independently of E1B-55k by means of a chromatin-silencing mechanism
that prevents access of p53 to its DNA target sites.
Conrado Soria, Fanny E. Estermann, Kristen C. Espantman and
Clodagh C. O'Shea
doi:10.1038/nature09307
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=105&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Direct formation of supermassive black holes via multi-scale gas
inflows in galaxy mergers pp1082-1084
Observations of distant quasars indicate that billion-solar-mass
supermassive black holes existed less than a billion years after the
Big Bang, but models have struggled to explain this. These authors
report simulations showing that mergers between massive protogalaxies
produce the conditions for collapse into supermassive black holes.
Merger-driven gas inflows give rise to a nuclear gas disk that
funnels gas to a sub-parsec-scale cloud. Gravitational collapse of
this cloud leads to the formation of a massive black hole.
L. Mayer, S. Kazantzidis, A. Escala and S. Callegari
doi:10.1038/nature09294
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=285&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Formation of asteroid pairs by rotational fission pp1085-1088
Rotational fission may explain the formation of pairs of asteroids
that have similar heliocentric orbits but are not bound together.
These authors report photometric observations of a sample of asteroid
pairs revealing that the primaries of pairs with mass ratios much
less than 0.2 rotate rapidly, near their critical fission frequency.
In agreement with crucial predictions, they do not find asteroid
pairs with mass ratios larger than 0.2, and as the mass ratio
approaches 0.2 the primary period grows long.
P. Pravec et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09315
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Coherent measurements of high-order electronic correlations in
quantum wells pp1089-1092
The exciton state in semiconductors, where an electron and hole are
paired, has been studied extensively, but the properties of exciton
states involving three or more charged particles are largely unknown.
These authors use a challenging spectroscopy technique to generate
and characterize biexcitons, triexcitons and other, unbound,
correlations in a gallium arsenide nanostructure. It was previously
unknown whether triexcitons, which involve correlations between six
particles, can exist at all.
Daniel B. Turner and Keith A. Nelson
doi:10.1038/nature09286
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=323&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Upper-ocean-to-atmosphere radiocarbon offsets imply fast deglacial
carbon dioxide release pp1093-1097
At the end of the last ice age, rising atmospheric CO2 levels
coincided with a decline in radiocarbon activity, suggesting the
release of highly radiocarbon-depleted CO2 from the deep ocean to the
atmosphere. These authors present radiocarbon records of surface and
intermediate-depth waters from two sediment cores and find an
decrease in radiocarbon activity that precedes and roughly equals in
magnitude the decrease in the atmospheric radiocarbon signal during
the early stages of the glacial-interglacial climatic transition.
Kathryn A. Rose et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09288
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=189&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Global patterns and predictors of marine biodiversity across taxa
pp1098-1101
Using large-scale data sets, these authors present a new assessment
of global marine species diversity and its correlation with
environmental and spatial parameters.
Derek P. Tittensor et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09329
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=193&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Statistical inference for noisy nonlinear ecological dynamic systems
pp1102-1104
Many ecological systems have chaotic or near-chaotic dynamics. In
such cases, it has proved difficult to test whether data fit
particular models that might explain the dynamics, because the noise
in the data make statistical comparison with the model impossible.
This author has devised a statistical method for making such
inferences, based on extracting phase-insensitive summary statistics
from the raw data and comparing with data simulated using the model.
Simon N. Wood
doi:10.1038/nature09319
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=224&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
A novel pathway regulates memory and plasticity via SIRT1 and miR-134
pp1105-1109
The deacetylase SIRT1 has been suggested to function in normal brain
physiology, but it is not known whether it participates in
higher-order brain functions. These authors demonstrate a role for
SIRT1 in synaptic plasticity and memory formation, with activation
enhancing synaptic strength and memory formation. These effects were
regulated through a post-transcriptional mechanism involving CREB
activation and miR-134 production. This interplay represents another
mechanism of plasticity regulation with behavioural consequences.
Jun Gao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09271
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=214&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Rb regulates fate choice and lineage commitment in vivo
pp1110-1114
The retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein pRb can suppress the
activity of certain transcription factors and potentiate the activity
of others, and has been shown to affect the differentiation of
different cell lineages in vitro. These authors show that the Rb gene
has a role in driving bone cell formation or brown adipose tissue
formation in vivo.
Eliezer Calo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09264
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=218&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
I[kappa]B[beta] acts to inhibit and activate gene expression during the
inflammatory response pp1115-1119
Nuclear hypophosphorylated I[kappa]B[beta] is shown to bind p65:c-Rel
dimers and maintain prolonged expression of TNF-[alpha] in response
to stimulation by lipopolysaccharide.
Ping Rao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09283
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
A ribosome-associating factor chaperones tail-anchored membrane
proteins pp1120-1124
Tail-anchored proteins have a single transmembrane domain at their
carboxy termini and are post-translationally targeted to the
endoplasmic reticulum via the cytosolic ATPase TRC40. These authors
identify a conserved protein complex called Bat3 complex that is
recruited to ribosomes, interacts with the transmembrane domain of
newly released tail-anchored proteins and transfers them to TRC40
for subsequent targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Malaiyalam Mariappan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09296
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
NRMT is an [alpha]-N-methyltransferase that methylates RCC1 and
retinoblastoma protein pp1125–1128
[alpha]-N-methylation is an unusual post-translational modification
in which the amino-terminal residues of proteins are methylated. One
example is the Ran guanine nucleotide-exchange factor, RCC1, which
requires methylation for its association with chromatin. These
authors describe the first [alpha]-N-methyltransferase, named
N-terminal RCC1 methyltransferase (NRMT). They identify the NRMT
recognition sequence and several new methylation targets, and
demonstrate the importance of [alpha]-N-methylation for normal
bipolar spindle formation and chromosome segregation.
Christine E. Schaner Tooley et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09343
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Role of Tet proteins in 5mC to 5hmC conversion, ES-cell self-renewal
and inner cell mass specification pp1129–1133
TET1 is an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of 5-methylcytosine
of DNA to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, raising the possibility that it
is involved in mediating DNA demethylation. These authors show that
Tet1 is involved in mouse embryonic stem cell maintenance and
specification of the inner cell mass. It is required to maintain both
the expression of Nanog in embryonic stem cells and the Nanog
promoter in a hypomethylated state, supporting a role for Tet1 in
regulating DNA methylation.
Shinsuke Ito et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09303
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=181&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=181&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRIGENDA
----------------------
The giant bite of a new raptorial sperm whale from the Miocene epoch
of Peru p1134
Olivier Lambert et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09381
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=177&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fighting the monster p1134
Amy Maxmen
doi:10.1038/nature09382
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=175&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Temperature-controlled organic carbon mineralization in lake
sediments p1134
Cristian Gudasz et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09383
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Detection of functional haematopoietic stem cell niche using
real-time imaging p1134
Yucai Xie et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09384
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=292&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
TECHNOLOGY FEATURES
----------------------
Cellular imaging: Taking a long, hard look pp1137-1140
Long-term, live-cell imaging helps to settle long-running debates.
Monya Baker investigates how the huge investment and time commitment
is finally paying off.
Monya Baker
doi:10.1038/4661137a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cellular imaging: A long-term live-cell commitment p1138
doi:10.1038/4661138a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=300&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cellular imaging: A software spot p1139
doi:10.1038/4661139a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=303&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p1140
doi:10.1038/4661140a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=312&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cellular imaging: Table of suppliers pp1141-1142
doi:10.1038/4661141a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=324&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers and Recruitment
A dual dilemma p1144
Despite increased efforts by universities, more and more scientists have to deal with the two-body problem, reports Karen Kaplan.
Karen Kaplan
doi:10.1038/nj7310-1144a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Careers and Recruitment
Negotiating for two p1145
There is no universally accepted method for when and how to broach the two-body problem with recruiters. Karen Kaplan details the options.
Karen Kaplan
doi:10.1038/nj7310-1145a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Me am Petri p1148
Information overload.
Martin Hayes
doi:10.1038/4661148a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=320&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
22 August 2010
Purified human BRCA2 stimulates RAD51-mediated recombination
near-final version
Ryan B. Jensen, Aura Carreira and Stephen C. Kowalczykowski
doi:10.1038/nature09399
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
25 August 2010
Structure of RCC1 chromatin factor bound to the nucleosome core particle
Ravindra D. Makde, Joseph R. England, Hemant P. Yennawar and Song Tan
doi:10.1038/nature09321
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=234&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=234&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
The structure of (CENP-A-H4)2 reveals physical features that mark centromeres
Nikolina Sekulic, Emily A. Bassett, Danielle J. Rogers and Ben E. Black
doi:10.1038/nature09323
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=237&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=237&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Phosphorylation of the CPC by Cdk1 promotes chromosome bi-orientation
Tatsuya Tsukahara, Yuji Tanno and Yoshinori Watanabe
doi:10.1038/nature09390
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=232&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=232&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
22 August 2010
Whole-exome sequencing identifies recessive WDR62 mutations in severe
brain malformations
Kaya Bilguvar et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09327
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=241&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=241&m=35725178&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=ODAzMTczOTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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