19 August 2010 Volume 466 Number 7309, pp 903 - 1014
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----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
Far-sighted vision p903
US astronomers' latest list of priorities holds valuable lessons
for other scientific disciplines.
doi:10.1038/466903a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=207&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
After the pandemic p903
Despite some mistakes, the World Health Organization handled the
flu outbreak well.
doi:10.1038/466903b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=206&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Nanobiotechnology: Tiny cell transistor p904
doi:10.1038/466904a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=205&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ageing: Proteins clump with age p904
doi:10.1038/466904b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=204&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Organic chemistry: Fantastic fluorination p904
doi:10.1038/466904c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=203&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: Saturn's beat p904
doi:10.1038/466904d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=320&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Materials science: Decorating graphene p904
doi:10.1038/466904e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=322&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Immunology: Killer cells help pp904-905
doi:10.1038/466904f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=324&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neurobiology: Autism detector p905
doi:10.1038/466905a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=327&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geoscience: Ocean acid control p905
doi:10.1038/466905b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=330&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer therapeutics: Nano tumour killer p905
doi:10.1038/466905c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=333&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
JOURNAL CLUB
----------------------
Journal club p905
Gerry Melino
doi:10.1038/466905d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=336&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
News briefing: 13–19 August 2010 pp906-907
The week in science.
doi:10.1038/466906a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=316&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Harvard probe kept under wraps pp908-909
Researchers call for the release of findings of the Marc Hauser
misconduct investigation.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/466908a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=317&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
FDA challenges stem-cell clinic p909
Injunction raises questions over regulation.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/466909a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=318&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
US survey sets cosmic priorities p910
Dark energy rises to the top in decadal report ranking future
astronomy and astrophysics projects.
Adam Mann
doi:10.1038/466910a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=310&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Science panel gives hope in river-pollution dispute p911
Environmental monitoring set to resolve arguments over paper mill.
Anna Petherick
doi:10.1038/466911a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=312&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Jet reveals atmosphere's secrets p912
Marathon flights test models with first pole-to-pole snapshot
of trace gases.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/466912a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=314&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
E-mails spark ethics row p913
Spat over health effects of atrazine escalates.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/466913a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=315&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Physiology: The bones of contention pp914-915
The skeleton may provide more than just structural support.
Alla Katsnelson investigates the rise of bone as a metabolic
regulator.
Alla Katsnelson
doi:10.1038/466914a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biotechnology: Crossing the barrier pp916-918
Researchers have rallied round a promising molecule for rescuing dying
nerves. But getting it into the brain remains a daunting challenge,
finds Brian Vastag.
doi:10.1038/466916a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=279&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
COLUMN
----------------------
Leaders wanted p919
There's room at the top for more old-fashioned charisma,
says Colin Macilwain.
doi:10.1038/466919a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Mitigate food loss to feed more people right now p920
Trevor Nicholls
doi:10.1038/466920a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=338&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Culturing practices can make roots more robust too p920
Norman Uphoff
doi:10.1038/466920b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=340&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Reduce soil damage for more sustainable crop production p920
Jeff Tullberg
doi:10.1038/466920c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=341&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Monitoring systems outdated and protectionist p920
Kamaljit S. Bawa
doi:10.1038/466920d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=355&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Track social and economic impacts of food production p920
Don Gunasekera and John Finnigan
doi:10.1038/466920e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=350&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Long view of the Human Genome Project pp921-922
A bold attempt to tell the complicated story behind the human DNA
sequence highlights that social change is needed before personalized
medicine can take off, finds Jan Witkowski.
Jan Witkowski reviews Drawing the Map of Life: Inside the Human
Genome Project by Victor K. McElheny
doi:10.1038/466921a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=352&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Retrospect: Science -- The Endless Frontier pp922-923
Vannevar Bush's pivotal report that marked the beginning of modern
science policy catapulted the phrase 'basic research' into popular
usage, explains Roger Pielke Jr.
Roger Pielke, Jr reviews Science -- The Endless Frontier.
A Report to the President on a Program for Postwar Scientific
Research by Vannevar Bush
doi:10.1038/466922a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=360&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Books in brief p923
Joanne Baker
doi:10.1038/466923a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=362&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Atmospheric chemistry: A missing sink for radicals pp925-926
Air pollution can cause a widespread haze in the Arctic. A study of
the lower atmosphere there suggests that haze particles might take
up free radicals, and so extend the lifetime of air pollutants in
the region.
Jos Lelieveld
doi:10.1038/466925a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=356&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Gene expression: How plants avoid incest pp926-928
Different versions of the same gene can be either dominant or recessive.
A small non-coding RNA mediates such differences in dominance as part
of a system that prevents inbreeding in plants.
Daphne Goring and Emily Indriolo
doi:10.1038/466926a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=358&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p927
doi:10.1038/466927a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=367&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astrophysics: Waves on Orion's shores pp928-929
Waves have been discovered in the molecular cloud surrounding the
Orion nebula, generated by shearing flows in the cloud. This finding
provides clues to the way filamentary substructures form in the
interstellar medium.
John Bally
doi:10.1038/466928a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=369&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
DNA repair: Blocking ubiquitin transfer pp929-930
The protein OTUB1 inhibits DNA repair without using its enzymatic
activity. Instead, it sequesters a protein that is required for
the assembly of certain forms of ubiquitin chain, which function
as key signals during repair.
April Rose and Christian Schlieker
doi:10.1038/466929a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=364&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolutionary biology: Oh sibling, who art thou? pp930-931
Help from earlier offspring in rearing a subsequent brood should evolve
more easily when the mother is strictly monogamous. A comparative
study of birds provides evidence in support of this view.
Andrew Cockburn
doi:10.1038/466930a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Earthquakes: Double trouble at Tonga pp931-932
A puzzling case is presented by the occurrence of two large but
dissimilar earthquakes at almost the same time and place. One must
have acted as the trigger, but which one and how did it do so?
Kenji Satake
doi:10.1038/466931a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Obituary: Stephen Henry Schneider (1945-2010) p933
A voice of reason in climate-change science and policy.
Michael D. Mastrandrea
doi:10.1038/466933a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=264&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING
----------------------
Laryngeally echolocating bats pE6
Ulrich Wittrock
doi:10.1038/nature09156
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=265&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Veselka et al. reply pE7
Nina Veselka et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09157
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Inferring echolocation in ancient bats pE8
Nancy B. Simmons, Kevin L. Seymour, Jorg Habersetzer and Gregg F. Gunnell
doi:10.1038/nature09219
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Veselka et al. reply pE9
Nina Veselka et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09246
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=268&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Type IIA topoisomerase inhibition by a new class of antibacterial
agents pp935-940
Enzymes that move along DNA, such as DNA and RNA polymerases, cause
the DNA ahead of them to become supercoiled. This would lead to the
DNA becoming overwound, were the stress not relieved by topoisomerases.
Topoisomerase inhibitors have been used as antibacterial and anticancer
drugs, but the structural basis for their activity has been unclear.
Here, the crystal structures are presented of a topoisomerase on DNA,
either alone or in the presence of a new type of antibiotic.
Benjamin D. Bax et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09197
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=291&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Non-canonical inhibition of DNA damage-dependent ubiquitination by OTUB1
pp941-946
When double-strand breaks occur in eukaryotic DNA, the chromatin that
protects and organizes the genome must be removed from the vicinity
of the break to allow repair factors to bind. Such chromatin displacement
involves the addition of ubiquitin groups to histone proteins near the
break by the ubiquitin ligases RNF8 and RNF168. Here it is shown that the
enzyme OTUB1 prevents RNF168-dependent poly-ubiquitination. Pharmacological
targeting of this process might enhance the DNA damage response.
Shinichiro Nakada et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09297
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=286&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Waves on the surface of the Orion molecular cloud pp947-949
It has long been suspected that the development of hydrodynamical
instabilities can compress or fragment a molecular cloud (in which
stars are born). One key signature of an instability would be a
wave-like structure in the gas, although this has not yet been seen.
Now, the presence of 'waves' is reported at the surface of the Orion
cloud, near where massive stars are forming. The waves probably
arise as gas that is heated and ionized by massive stars is blown
over pre-existing molecular gas.
Olivier Berne, Nuria Marcelino and Jose Cernicharo
doi:10.1038/nature09289
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=278&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=281&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Enhancement of superconductivity by pressure-driven competition in
electronic order pp950-953
The superconducting phase of a superconductor is often one of several
competing types of electronic order, including antiferromagnetism
and charge density waves. For some superconductors, the superconducting
transition temperature can be maximized by forcing the critical
temperature of the competing order down to zero. Now, a related effect
has been identified in a high-temperature superconductor, with the
application of pressure yielding a striking two-step increase in the
transition temperature.
Xiao-Jia Chen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09293
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=275&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
A strong ferroelectric ferromagnet created by means of spin-lattice
coupling pp954-958
Ferroelectric ferromagnets -- materials that are both ferroelectric
and ferromagnetic -- are of significant technological interest.
But they are rare, and those that do exist have weak ferroelectric
and ferromagnetic properties. Recently a new way of fabricating such
materials was proposed, involving strain from the underlying substrate.
This route has now been realized experimentally for EuTiO3. The work
shows that a single experimental parameter, strain, can simultaneously
control multiple order parameters.
June Hyuk Lee et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09331
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=298&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=117&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Near-simultaneous great earthquakes at Tongan megathrust and outer rise
in September 2009 pp959-963
On 29 September 2009, a tsunami devastated the Samoan and northern
Tongan islands. It is shown here that an unusual earthquake sequence
preceded this tsunami. A magnitude-8 earthquake in the outer-rise
intraplate region occurred almost simultaneously with rupture of the
shallow subduction interplate interface, equivalent to a magnitude-8
earthquake. The findings provide information on strain release
mechanisms at subduction zones, and a possible mechanism for the
occasional large tsunamis generated at the Tonga subduction zone.
J. Beavan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09292
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=111&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=114&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
The 2009 Samoa-Tonga great earthquake triggered doublet pp964-968
On 29 September 2009, a tsunami devastated the Samoan and northern
Tongan islands. Here, an unusual earthquake sequence that preceded
this tsunami is analysed. A magnitude-8.1 intraplate faulting event
in the outer trench-slope at the northern end of the Tongan subduction
zone was followed by extensive interplate faulting, with total moment
equivalent to that of a magnitude-8.0 earthquake. Overlap of the
seismic signals had obscured the fact that distinct faults had ruptured
with different geometries.
Thorne Lay et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09214
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=108&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Promiscuity and the evolutionary transition to complex societies
pp969-972
A phylogenetic analysis of breeding behaviour in birds shows that
cooperation is more likely when promiscuity is low -- a circumstance
in which helpers can be more certain that they are offering aid to
relatives. Intermediate levels of promiscuity favour the ability to
distinguish relatives from non-relatives. At high levels of
promiscuity, no form of cooperation is favoured. Levels of promiscuity
therefore provide an explanation for differences between species in
levels of cooperation.
Charlie K. Cornwallis, Stuart A. West, Katie E. Davis and
Ashleigh S. Griffin
doi:10.1038/nature09335
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
An interferon-inducible neutrophil-driven blood transcriptional
signature in human tuberculosis pp973-977
Here, the human immune response to infection with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis has been characterized by transcriptional profiling.
The results show that active tuberculosis correlates with a
particular transcriptional signature that is dominated by a
neutrophil-driven interferon-inducible gene profile. The study
provides a broad range of transcriptional biomarkers with potential
as diagnostic and prognostic tools to combat the tuberculosis epidemic.
Matthew P. R. Berry et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09247
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microenvironmental reprogramming of thymic epithelial cells to skin
multipotent stem cells pp978-982
The thymus contains thymic epithelial cells (TECs), which form a
complex three-dimensional network organized into cortical and medullary
compartments. It is shown here that these cells are plastic. Clonogenic
TECs can acquire new properties when exposed to the skin microenvironment;
under such conditions, they can permanently adopt the fate of hair
follicle multipotent stem cells. Hence, microenvironmental cues can be
sufficient to re-direct epithelial cell fate.
Paola Bonfanti et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09269
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Trans-acting small RNA determines dominance relationships in Brassica
self-incompatibility pp983-986
A diploid organism has two copies of each gene, one inherited from
each parent. The expression levels of the two alleles can be biased
by dominant/recessive relationships. In Brassica, self-incompatibility
in pollen is determined by dominance relationships between the two
alleles of the gene SP11; the recessive allele is methylated and hence
silenced. Here it is shown that such methylation is controlled by a
small non-coding RNA encoded in the flanking region of the dominant
allele.
Yoshiaki Tarutani et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09308
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Regulation of heterochromatic DNA replication by histone H3 lysine
27 methyltransferases pp987-991
DNA replication occurs only once per cell cycle, and numerous pathways
prevent re-replication. Here it is shown that mutations in ARABIDOPSIS
TRITHORAX-RELATED PROTEIN5 (ATXR5) and ATXR6 -- which encode histone
methyltransferases -- lead to re-replication of specific genomic
locations, notably those corresponding to transposons and other
repetitive and silenced elements. ATXR5 and ATXR6 are proposed to be
components of a pathway that prevents over-replication of heterochromatin
in Arabidopsis.
Yannick Jacob et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09290
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
A mechanically stabilized receptor-ligand flex-bond important in the
vasculature pp992-995
Here, a new type of behaviour of receptor-ligand bonds has been
identified, by using a new method that links receptor and ligand
in a single molecule to measure binding and unbinding. The binding
of von Willebrand factor to the glycoprotein Ib [alpha] subunit on
the surface of platelets is important for coagulation. This
receptor-ligand bond is now shown to have two distinct states, one
seen at low force and a second that has greater force resistance.
This has implications for how increased blood flow activates platelet
plug formation.
Jongseong Kim, Cheng-Zhong Zhang, Xiaohui Zhang and Timothy A. Springer
doi:10.1038/nature09295
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structure of the torque ring of the flagellar motor and the molecular
basis for rotational switching pp996-1000
The bacterial flagellar motor drives the rotation of flagellar filaments,
propelling bacteria through viscous media. The rotation can switch from
an anticlockwise to a clockwise direction, determining a smooth or
tumbling motion. A protein called FliG forms a ring in the motor's rotor,
and has been proposed to adopt distinct conformations that induce switching.
Here, the full-length structure of FliG is presented, and conformational
changes are identified that are involved in switching between clockwise
and anticlockwise rotations.
Lawrence K. Lee et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09300
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=182&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Crystal structure of the [agr]6[bgr]6 holoenzyme of propionyl-coenzyme
A carboxylase pp1001-1005
Propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (PCC) is a biotin-dependent enzyme
that is essential for the catabolism of several amino acids, cholesterol
and some fatty acids. Here, the crystal structure of a bacterial PCC is
presented, along with a cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction showing
a similar structure for human PCC. The structural information establishes
a molecular basis for understanding the known disease-causing mutations
in PCC, and is relevant to the holoenzymes of other biotin-dependent
carboxylases.
Christine S. Huang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09302
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=180&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=172&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRIGENDA
----------------------
An allosteric mechanism of Rho-dependent transcription termination p1006
Vitaly Epshtein, Dipak Dutta, Joseph Wade and Evgeny Nudler
doi:10.1038/nature09360
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=165&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Grassroots initiatives p1006
Amy Maxmen
doi:10.1038/nature09361
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quantum oscillations in a molecular magnet p1006
S. Bertaina et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09362
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=163&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Above-room-temperature ferroelectricity in a single-component molecular
crystal p1006
Sachio Horiuchi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09363
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=164&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospects
Search tool for career data launched p1009
A new online facility allows users to delve into Naturejobs's career
and salary survey data on their own terms, explains Gene Russo.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7309-1009a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=183&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Careers Q&A
Stefania Mondello p1009
Stefania Mondello, a postdoc at the University of Florida, received
the 2010 Premio Award, presented to outstanding female Italian
scientists working in North America, at the annual conference of
the Italian Association for Women Inventors and Innovators in Bari,
Italy, in June.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7309-1009b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=181&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Careers and Recruitment
Weighing the options p1010
Comparative-effectiveness research answers questions that could
transform medical policy and practice. Tamar Nordenberg examines
the opportunities for researchers to find both funding and fulfilment.
Tamar Nordenberg
doi:10.1038/nj7309-1010a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=201&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Stay special p1014
With age comes ...?
Susan Lanigan
doi:10.1038/4661014a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
18 August 2010
Single-atom-resolved fluorescence imaging of an atomic Mott insulator
Jacob F. Sherson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09378
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=170&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Graphene as a subnanometre trans-electrode membrane
S. Garaj et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09379
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=160&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mediator and cohesin connect gene expression and chromatin architecture
Michael H. Kagey et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09380
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
15 August 2010
Neurological disease mutations compromise a C-terminal ion pathway in
the Na+/K+-ATPase
Hanne Poulsen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09309
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Comprehensive methylome map of lineage commitment from haematopoietic
progenitors
Hong Ji et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09367
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=35704284&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=Nzk5MDQ5OTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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