8 July 2010 Volume 466 Number 7303, pp 159 - 284
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EDITORIALS
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A dangerous precedent p159
A legal challenge to US stem-cell policy poses a serious threat to
the federal funding system.
doi:10.1038/466159a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=203&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Plagiarism pinioned pp159-160
There are tools to detect non-originality in articles, but instilling
ethical norms remains essential.
doi:10.1038/466159b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=202&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The needs of the few p160
Developing drugs for rare diseases is a challenge that requires new
regulatory flexibility.
doi:10.1038/466160a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=201&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Animal biology: Savvy spiders p162
doi:10.1038/466162a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=199&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanotechnology: Photons make light work p162
doi:10.1038/466162b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=198&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Atmospheric chemistry: Airborne alcohol p162
doi:10.1038/466162c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=197&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell biology: Protein clean-up crew p162
doi:10.1038/466162d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=196&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Smells affect sight p162
doi:10.1038/466162e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=195&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: Metal-organic catalyst pp162-163
doi:10.1038/466162f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=307&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Zoology: Follow the leader p163
doi:10.1038/466163a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=309&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genetics: Breaking the silence p163
doi:10.1038/466163b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=311&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cardiovascular biology: Low B cells, low plaques p163
doi:10.1038/466163c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=314&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biotechnology: Swirling cells p163
doi:10.1038/466163d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=318&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p163
Tecumseh Fitch
doi:10.1038/466163e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=321&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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News briefing: 2–8 July 2010 pp164-165
The week in science.
doi:10.1038/466164a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=320&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
China outlines deep-sea ambitions p166
Extra funding promised to help search for natural resources and
advance ocean research.
Jane Qiu
doi:10.1038/466166a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=317&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Journals step up plagiarism policing p167
Cut-and-paste culture tackled by CrossCheck software.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/466167a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=303&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Solar System showdown pp168-169
Competition is fierce as committee weighs NASA's planetary
priorities.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/466168a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=304&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Few fishy facts found in climate report p170
Dutch investigation supports key warnings from the IPCC's most recent
assessment.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/466170a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=305&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
EU research funds to be diverted to fusion reactor p171
Ailing ITER may get bailout from framework programme.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/466171a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=297&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
NIH may open access to clinical facility p172
Outside investigators could pay to use the Clinical Center's
state-of-the-art resources.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/466172a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=299&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
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Evolution: Dreampond revisited pp174-175
A once-threatened population of African fish is now providing a view
of evolution in action. Laura Spinney asks what Lake Victoria
cichlids have revealed about speciation.
Laura Spinney
doi:10.1038/466174a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=301&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Disputed ground pp176-178
Finds in Turkey could answer key questions about ancient human
origins, but palaeoanthropologists there must first bury their
disputes. Rex Dalton reports from the field.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/466176a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=302&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
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Unify guidelines for reviewing embryonic stem-cell research p179
Josephine Johnston
doi:10.1038/466179a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=323&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Metrics: journal's impact factor skewed by a single paper p179
Jordan D. Dimitrov, Srini V. Kaveri and Jagadeesh Bayry
doi:10.1038/466179b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=325&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Metrics: don't dismiss journals with a low impact factor p179
Jay M. Fitzsimmons and Jeffrey H. Skevington
doi:10.1038/466179c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=327&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Metrics: include refereeing as part of performance rating p179
Pedro Cintas and Elena Paoletti
doi:10.1038/466179d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=328&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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OPINIONS
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Securing a future for chimpanzees pp180-181
Fifty years after setting foot in Gombe, Jane Goodall calls for
urgent action to save our closest living relatives from extinction
in the wild. Conservationists and local people must collaborate, she
and Lilian Pintea conclude.
Jane Goodall and Lilian Pintea
doi:10.1038/466180a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=344&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
How to defend against future oil spills pp182-183
Researchers and regulators need to keep up with the changing risks,
and share information, says Arne Jernelov, as tanker spills decline
and pipeline leaks and blowouts become more of a concern.
Arne Jernelov
doi:10.1038/466182a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=339&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The business of biodiversity pp184-185
The value of ecosystems is largely invisible to markets. Ricardo
Bayon and Michael Jenkins call on governments to drive regulatory and
voluntary economic instruments that put a price on the services that
nature provides.
Ricardo Bayon and Michael Jenkins
doi:10.1038/466184a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=341&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
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Who controls malaria control? pp186-187
Awa-Marie Coll-Seck enjoys a hard-hitting history of malaria, but
takes issue with its contention that current eradication strategies
are repeating the errors of the past.
Awa-Marie Coll-Seck reviews The Fever: How Malaria Has Ruled
Humankind for 500,000 Years by Sonia Shah
doi:10.1038/466186a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=349&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Making the mundane urbane pp187-188
David Bodanis reviews At Home: A Short History of Private Life
by Bill Bryson
doi:10.1038/466187a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=351&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Pioneers of plant genetics to flower on stage p188
Georgina Ferry reviews Blooming Snapdragons by Liz Rothschild and
Sue Mayo
doi:10.1038/466188a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=345&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Archaeology: Early human northerners pp189-190
A site in Norfolk, UK, provides the earliest and northernmost
evidence of human expansion into Eurasia. Environmental indicators
suggest that these early Britons could adapt to a range of climatic
conditions.
Andrew P. Roberts and Rainer Grün
doi:10.1038/466189a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=347&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p190
doi:10.1038/466190a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=356&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Superconductivity: Revelations of the fullerenes pp191-192
The discovery that the face-centred cubic form of the fullerene
Cs3C60 is a superconductor, just as its body-centred cubic
counterpart is, sheds light on the origin of superconductivity in
organic materials.
Yoshihiro Iwasa
doi:10.1038/466191a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=358&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell biology: Sensing tension pp192-193
Measuring the tension forces at specific sites in living cells is
technically challenging. Now, a fluorescent biosensor protein can be
used to characterize dynamic local changes in tension in migrating
cells.
Andrew D. Doyle and Kenneth M. Yamada
doi:10.1038/466192a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=353&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Supramolecular chemistry: More than the sum of its parts pp193-194
Can small molecules in test tubes form assemblies containing
different hydrophobic domains, like those found in cells? Yes, finds
a study, suggesting new ways of isolating incompatible compounds in
water.
Jan H. van Esch
doi:10.1038/466193a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=249&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: MicroRNA knocks down cocaine pp194-195
Cocaine abuse results in increased craving for the drug. But in the
long run, cocaine intake induces the expression of a microRNA in the
brain, and this seems to limit further drug intake.
Marina R. Picciotto
doi:10.1038/466194a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quantum electrodynamics: A chink in the armour? pp195-196
A measurement of the size of the proton, obtained using spectroscopy
of an exotic atomic system, yields a result of unprecedented accuracy
— but in disagreement with values obtained by previous methods.
Jeff Flowers
doi:10.1038/466195a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Striatal microRNA controls cocaine intake through CREB signalling
pp197-202
Extended cocaine taking triggers several structural and functional
changes in the brain that may lead to compulsive drug seeking, but
the mechanisms that regulate the process are unclear. Here, a
microRNA -- miR-212 -- is identified that is upregulated in the
striatum of rats with a history of extended access to cocaine. The
authors suggest that miR-212 protects against the development of
compulsive drug taking, and that it may act through the CREB protein,
a known regulator of the rewarding effects of cocaine.
Jonathan A. Hollander et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09202
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=252&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=245&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural mechanism of C-type inactivation in K+ channels pp203-208
K+ channels can convert between conductive and non-conductive forms
through mechanisms that range from flicker transitions (which occur
in microseconds) to C-type inactivation (which occurs on millisecond
to second timescales). Here, the crystal structures are presented of
the potassium channel KcsA in an open-inactivated conformation and
'trapped' in several partially open conformations. The structures
indicate a molecular basis for C-type inactivation in K+ channels.
Luis G. Cuello, Vishwanath Jogini, D. Marien Cortes and Eduardo Perozo
doi:10.1038/nature09153
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=246&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=247&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
LETTERS
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A 300-parsec-long jet-inflated bubble around a powerful microquasar
in the galaxy NGC 7793 pp209-212
Ultraluminous X-ray sources are the most luminous class of black hole
located outside the nuclei of active galaxies. They are often
associated with shock-ionized nebulae, though with no evidence of
collimated jets. Now, however, it is reported that the large nebula
S26 in the nearby galaxy NGC 7793 is powered by a black hole with a
pair of collimated jets. The jets seem to be 104 times more energetic
than the X-ray emission from the core.
Manfred W. Pakull, Roberto Soria and Christian Motch
doi:10.1038/nature09168
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The size of the proton pp213-216
Here, a technically challenging spectroscopic experiment is described:
the measurement of the muonic Lamb shift. The results lead to a new
determination of the charge radius of the proton. The new value is
5.0 standard deviations smaller than the previous world average, a
large discrepancy that remains unexplained. Possible implications of
the new finding are that the value of the Rydberg constant will need
to be revised, or that the validity of quantum electrodynamics theory
is called into question.
Randolf Pohl et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09250
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=257&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ultrabright source of entangled photon pairs pp217-220
Quantum information science requires a source of entangled photon
pairs, but existing sources suffer from a low intrinsic efficiency
or poor extraction efficiency. Collecting emitted photons from
quantum dots can be improved by coupling the dots to an optical
cavity, but this is not easy for entangled photon pairs. Now, a
suitable optical cavity has been made in the form of a 'photonic'
molecule -- two identical, connecting microcavities that are
deterministically coupled to the optically active modes of a
pre-selected quantum dot.
Adrien Dousse et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09148
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Polymorphism control of superconductivity and magnetism in Cs3C60
close to the Mott transition pp221-225
Superconductivity and magnetic order are well known in C60 compounds
of the form A3C60 (where A = alkali metal). The spherical C60
molecular ions in these crystals are almost always arranged in a
face-centred cubic (f.c.c.) packing, except in Cs3C60, where the
known superconducting phase has a body-centred cubic (b.c.c) packing.
Now the f.c.c. polymorph for Cs3C60 has been isolated; it too is
superconducting, although its magnetic properties are very different
to those of its b.c.c counterpart.
Alexey Y. Ganin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09120
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Increase in African dust flux at the onset of commercial agriculture
in the Sahel region pp226-228
Emissions of African dust increased sharply in the early 1970s, but
the human contribution to land degradation and dust mobilization
remains poorly understood. Now, a 3,200-year record of dust
deposition off northwest Africa has been constructed. On the basis
of this dust record and a proxy record for West African
precipitation, it is suggested that human-induced dust emissions from
the Sahel region have contributed to the atmospheric dust load for
more than 200 years.
Stefan Mulitza et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09213
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=265&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Early Pleistocene human occupation at the edge of the boreal zone in
northwest Europe pp229-233
Hominins colonized Eurasia fairly swiftly after they left Africa
around 1.75 million years ago, although it had been thought that they
did not penetrate beyond 45[deg] N except in very warm intervals. Now,
however, artefacts, fauna and flora dating back more 0.78 million
years have been found in a river deposit in Norfolk, England. The
findings show that humans were capable of penetrating northern Europe
in cooler intervals, and will prompt a re-evaluation of the
adaptations and abilities of humans at this early date.
Simon A. Parfitt et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09117
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Loss of fish actinotrichia proteins and the fin-to-limb transition
pp234-237
One of the steps in the evolution of tetrapod limbs was the loss of
the distinctive fringe of fin rays and fin folds found in the fins
of fishes. It is now shown that two novel proteins, actinodin 1 and
2, are essential structural components of fin rays and fin folds in
zebrafish, and are also encoded in the genomes of other teleost fish
and at least one species of shark, but not in tetrapods. It is
suggested that the loss of these genes may have contributed to the
fin-to-limb transition in tetrapod evolution.
Jing Zhang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09137
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people pp238-242
Genomic data from 14 Jewish Diaspora communities are here compared
with data from 69 Old World non-Jewish populations, to investigate
the demographic history of the Jewish people. Analyses shed new light
on relationships between communities, reveal unappreciated genetic
substructure within the Middle East, and trace the origins of most
Jewish Diaspora communities to the Levant.
Doron M. Behar et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09103
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Functionally defective germline variants of sialic acid
acetylesterase in autoimmunity pp243-247
Sialic acid acetylesterase (SIAE) is an enzyme that is involved in
B-cell activation and is required to maintain immunological tolerance
in mice. It is shown here that rare, inherited and functionally
defective SIAE variants are associated with a variety of autoimmune
diseases in humans. The study provides one of the first examples of
the importance of rare genetic variants in complex diseases, such
as those involving autoimmunity.
Ira Surolia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09115
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
A random cell motility gradient downstream of FGF controls elongation
of an amniote embryo pp248-252
Most animal embryos grow through cell accumulation in a posterior
growth zone, but the underlying forces are unknown. It is now
proposed that posterior elongation in chicken embryos is an emergent
property that arises from graded cell motility in random directions
(as opposed to directed movement). This occurs in response to
signalling through the fibroblast growth factor.
Bertrand Benazeraf et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09151
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Conserved role of intragenic DNA methylation in regulating
alternative promoters pp253-257
The methylation of DNA in 5[prime] promoter regions suppresses gene
expression, but what is the role of DNA methylation in the bodies of
genes? Here, a map of DNA methylation is generated from human brain
tissue; it is found that most methylated CpG islands are within
intragenic and intergenic regions, rather than within promoters. It
is proposed that intragenic methylation regulates the expression of
alternative gene transcripts in different tissues and cell types.
Alika K. Maunakea et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09165
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=95&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=94&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mechanism and regulation of acetylated histone binding by the tandem
PHD finger of DPF3b pp258-262
The lysine residues of histone proteins can be acetylated or
methylated, with important effects on gene expression. Until recently
the protein modules that bind acetyl-lysine have been limited to
bromodomains. However, the tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) finger of
human DPF3b -- which is involved in gene activation -- has also been
reported to bind to acetylated histones. Here, three-dimensional
solution structures of DPF3b offer mechanistic insight into how this
protein recognizes acetylation marks.
Lei Zeng et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09139
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Measuring mechanical tension across vinculin reveals regulation of
focal adhesion dynamics pp263-266
The ability of cells to respond to physical forces is central to
development and physiology, but until now it has been difficult to
directly measure forces across proteins in vivo. Here, however, a
calibrated biosensor is described that can measure forces with high
sensitivity across specific proteins in cells. This is applied to the
vinculin protein, and a regulatory mechanism is revealed in which the
force applied to vinculin determines whether focal adhesions assemble
or disassemble.
Carsten Grashoff et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09198
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Single-cell NF-[kgr]B dynamics reveal digital activation and analogue
information processing pp267-271
Multicellular organisms, particularly their immune systems, rely on
complex cell-to-cell communication, mediated by signalling molecules
that form spatiotemporal concentration gradients. Here,
high-throughput microfluidic cell culture and fluorescence
microscopy, together with quantitative gene expression analysis and
mathematical modelling, have been used to investigate how mammalian
cells respond to different levels of TNF-[alpha] and signal to
NF-[kappa]B. Both digital and analogue responses are revealed.
Savas Tay et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09145
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural basis for the coupling between activation and inactivation
gates in K+ channels pp272-275
K+ channels can convert between conductive and non-conductive forms
through mechanisms that range from flicker transitions (which occur
in microseconds) to C-type inactivation (which occurs on millisecond
to second timescales). Here, the mechanisms are revealed through
]which movements of the inner gate of the K+ channel KcsA trigger
conformational changes at the selectivity filter, leading to the
non-conductive C-type inactivated state.
Luis G. Cuello et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09136
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RETRACTION
----------------------
Cellular APOBEC3G restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells
p276
Ya-Lin Chiu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09254
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers Q&A
Heidi Newberg p279
Heidi Newberg, a physicist and astronomer at Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute in Troy, New York, has won a National Science Foundation
grant to create the first partnership between a US team and a
Chinese-led astronomy project.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7303-279a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=172&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
More gifts for education p279
Giving to UK universities is on the rise.
doi:10.1038/nj7303-279b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=193&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Mothers fear for careers p279
Female scientists worry about balancing work with motherhood, study
finds.
doi:10.1038/nj7303-279c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=194&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Competition concerns p279
Study of US research universities will assess their global standing.
doi:10.1038/nj7303-279d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=191&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Careers and Recruitment
Contract investigators p280
With jobs at pharmaceutical companies evaporating, working for a
contract research organization is an attractive option for some.
Heidi Ledford details the growing market.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/nj7303-280a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=192&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Trying to let go p284
One small step ...
Kerstin Hoppenhaus
doi:10.1038/466284a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
07 July 2010
Regulation of parkinsonian motor behaviours by optogenetic control of
basal ganglia circuitry
Alexxai V. Kravitz et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09159
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=170&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=161&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
LRRC26 auxiliary protein allows BK channel activation at resting
voltage without calcium
Jiusheng Yan and Richard W. Aldrich
doi:10.1038/nature09162
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=154&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Subnanometre single-molecule localization, registration and distance
measurements
Alexandros Pertsinidis, Yunxiang Zhang and Steven Chu
doi:10.1038/nature09163
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
A new DAF-16 isoform regulates longevity
Eun-Soo Kwon, Sri Devi Narasimhan, Kelvin Yen and Heidi A. Tissenbaum
doi:10.1038/nature09184
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
04 July 2010
Sparse coding and high-order correlations in fine-scale cortical
networks
Ifije E. Ohiorhenuan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09178
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=35578979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzcxOTkxMDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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