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Here is your customized PHYSorg.com Newsletter for May 31, 2010:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
- New OLETs emit light more efficiently than equivalent OLEDs- Scientists breed goats that produce spider silk
- A new theory to explain superrotation on Venus
- Scientists decipher structure of nature's 'light switch'
- 'Neutrino oscillation': The OPERA experiment likely seen the first tau-neutrino
- Scientists identify molecules that ensure red blood cell production
- Breast Milk Protein Linked to Poorer Breast Cancer Survival in Younger Women
- Researchers Discover Secret of Success For Mysterious Hybridized Caribbean Bats
- Squeezing Information from Materials under Extreme Pressure
- Study: 10 minutes of exercise, hour-long effects
- Scientists warn of unseen deepwater oil disaster
- Breakthrough in stem cell culturing
- Crystallisation drives controlled assembly of nanoparticles
- Epoxi Spacecraft Burns for Home, Then Comet
- Small but super: Lightweight, handy magnets for portable NMR spectrometers
Space & Earth news
New space station crew will bid farewell to shuttle
One Russian and two Americans set to fly to the International Space Station voiced nostalgia Monday for the retiring US space shuttle, which will make its final visit to the ISS this year.
Tracking Ticks via Satellite
Finding a tick usually involves a squeamish self-examination - carefully rubbing fingertips through the scalp, meticulously scanning the body, and groaning "eyeww" if a little bloodsucker is discovered.
Waters off Singapore's southeastern coastline clear of oil
Waters off Singapore's southeastern coastline have been cleared of oil after seven days of containment and cleaning efforts, port authorities said Monday.
Epoxi Spacecraft Burns for Home, Then Comet
(PhysOrg.com) -- NASA's Deep Impact/Epoxi spacecraft successfully performed a maneuver to refine its orbit prior to an upcoming Earth flyby June 27.
Scientists warn of unseen deepwater oil disaster
(AP) -- Independent scientists and government officials say there's a disaster we can't see in the Gulf of Mexico's mysterious depths, the ruin of a world inhabited by enormous sperm whales and tiny, invisible plankton.
Mars was Wet, but was it Warm?
Mars is frozen today, but when it was young there may have been liquid water on its surface. What does the latest evidence indicate about the ancient martian climate? Understanding the past environment of Mars can help future missions "follow the water" in the search for alien life.
A new theory to explain superrotation on Venus
(PhysOrg.com) -- One of the mysteries in our Solar System is superrotation, a phenomenon known since the late 1960s, in which the winds on Venus blow faster than the planet rotates. Scientists have proposed a number of theories, but none have been completely satisfactory. Now scientists in Mexico have for the first time suggested a viable mechanism by which a faster wind higher above the planet is driving the superrotation.
Technology news
Classic grammar model can be used for computerised parsing
A classic Nordic grammar model can be used for computerised grammatical analyses and technical applications of modern Swedish text, shows a new thesis in the field of language technology from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. One such application enables queries answered by a digital text to be generated when it is opened, and then used to search for specific information in the text.
Tecnalia presents electric vehicle that reaches 140 km/h in 10 seconds
The Tecnalia Technological Corporation (Spain) has presented its experimental vehicle -- 'Dynacar' -- , an electric car that can reach a speed of 140 kilometres per hour in 10 seconds.
NVIDIA Demonstrates Streaming 3D Video Using Microsoft Silverlight
NVIDIA today demonstrated 3D video streamed live over the Internet using an NVIDIA 3D Vision PC, Microsoft Silverlight and IIS Smooth Streaming technology. The demonstration, which streamed the music video 'We Are the World' 3D, at a press conference at Computex, comes at a time when consumer interest in seeing 3D movies is at its highest level ever.
'Electronic beancurd' on menu at Taiwan Microsoft restaurant
Microsoft has launched a Windows 7-themed restaurant in Taipei to promote its new operating system, an official with the US firm said Monday, on the eve of Asia's biggest IT trade show.
MSU robot digs most 'moon dirt,' wins NASA contest
(PhysOrg.com) -- A Montana State University student-built robot won a national contest at the Kennedy Space Center Friday by digging the most simulated moon dirt in 15 minutes.
Apple sells two million iPads
Apple, now the largest US technology company by value, said Monday it had sold two million of its iPad tablet computers, outdoing even the iconic iPhone on its launch.
Medicine & Health news
Comparision of overall survival for non-small cell lung cancer patients
There's debate about the best treatment approach for patients with certain stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for about 80 percent of all lung cancers. Patients with early stages of NSCLC are typically treated with surgery, but those with stage IIIA present more of a challenge because they are such a diverse group. However, research from Fox Chase Cancer Center shows that patient's with stage IIIA NSCLC who receive surgery, lobectomy in particular, have increased overall survival compared to those who received chemoradiation alone--those receiving lobectomy plus chemoradation had survival rates that were higher than previously reported as well.
Response to preoperative therapy may predict survival in pancreatic cancer patients
Cancer of the pancreas--a glandular organ that lies behind the stomach and secretes vital enzymes and hormones--seldom is detected in early stages, making treatment difficult and survival statistics particularly grim. However, new research from Fox Chase Cancer Center finds that patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma whose tumors respond most to preoperative chemotherapy and radiation survive four times as long, on average, as those whose tumors respond least.
Alcohol consumption in Portugal: The burden of disease
The World Health Organization has estimated that 3.2 percent of the "burden of disease" around the world is attributable to the consumption of alcohol. Portugal is currently ranked eighth in the world in alcohol consumption. A new study has found alcohol consumption in Portugal represents a heavy economic burden for that country's health system.
Alcohol-related traffic-risk behaviors among college students become worse at age 21
Alcohol-impaired driving and associated motor-vehicle accidents are a major public-health problem. National studies have shown that approximately 25 percent of college students report that they have driven while intoxicated in the past month, and an even greater percentage report having driven after having any amount of alcohol and/or ridden with a driver believed intoxicated. A new study on how these behaviors may change as students move through their college years has found that prevalence and frequency of alcohol-related traffic-risk behaviors took a significant upturn when students turned 21 years old.
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation no better or worse than conventional ventilation for preterm babies
A study of ventilation strategies in high-income countries has shown that high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for preterm babies gives outcomes that are no better or worse than conventional ventilation (CV). The findings are reported in an Article Online First and in an upcoming Lancet, written by Dr Filip Cools, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, and colleagues from the PreVILIG collaboration.
The crime of mental illness
Canada needs to change its approach to mentally ill prisoners as correctional facilities worldwide contain a higher percentage of people with mental illness than the general population, states an editorial in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) .
Regional differences in C-section rate not a result of maternal request
Fewer than two per cent of cesarean births in British Columbia were a result of maternal request, but the number of cesarean and assisted vaginal deliveries varied widely across health regions in B.C., according to a new study by University of British Columbia researchers.
Impulsivity-related problem drinking decreases greatly for 18- to 25-year-olds
Personality traits associated with impulsivity normally decrease during emerging and young adulthood, and these decreases are associated with reduced substance use. A new study of "trajectories" of impulsivity and their association with problem alcohol use has found that the 18-to-25-years-of-age group exhibited the largest declines in impulsivity as well as the sharpest decreases in alcohol consumption.
Chances of surviving cardiac arrest depends on your neighborhood
The odds of surviving cardiac arrest may depend on which part of town you call home and whether anyone in the neighborhood comes to your rescue by attempting to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), according to a first-of-its-kind study in the June issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
Lack of private insurance contribute to higher deaths among black heart transplant patients
Transplant surgeons at Johns Hopkins who have reviewed the medical records of more than 20,000 heart transplant patients say that it is not simply racial differences, but rather flaws in the health care system, along with type of insurance and education levels, in addition to biological factors, that are likely the causes of disproportionately worse outcomes after heart transplantation in African Americans.
New mechanism of pancreatic cancer discovered
(PhysOrg.com) -- A new study from Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, shows how two types of cell change interact in the development of cancer. The results can improve the chances of early discovery of cancer - including pancreatic cancer, one of the deadliest forms of the disease.
What happens when we get angry?
When we get angry, the heart rate, arterial tension and testosterone production increases, cortisol (the stress hormone) decreases, and the left hemisphere of the brain becomes more stimulated. This is indicated by a new investigation lead by scientists from the University of Valencia (UV) that analyses the changes in the brain's cardiovascular, hormonal and asymmetric activation response when we get angry.
Education helps against dementia
Researchers have discovered that education not only delays the early symptoms of dementia, but can also slow down the development of the disease - a finding that could result in faster diagnosis and treatment of dementia, reveals a thesis from the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Study Warns of Potential Adverse Drug Interactions from New Using Blood Thinners
(PhysOrg.com) -- Three new oral blood-thinning drugs nearing approval by the Food and Drug Administration are more convenient than the standard drug Coumadin because they do not require monthly visits to adjust doses.
The role of calcium in Randall's plaques (kidney stones)
Randall's plaques are soft tissue calcifications found in the deep renal medulla skirting the surface of the epithelium of the papilla, where they act as nucleating elements for renal calculi or stones. These plaques have been described until now as composed of carbapatite (poorly crystallized carbonated calcium phosphate or carbonated apatite, abbreviated to CA). Characterization of these plaques in real environments has led to more surprising results.
Chernobyl soil blamed for lung problems in children
(PhysOrg.com) -- Children living downwind of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukraine may have long-term problems affecting their lungs, according to a University of South Carolina study.
New target for antidepressants revealed in animal study
University of Michigan scientists have provided the most detailed picture yet of a key receptor in the brain that influences the effectiveness of serotonin-related antidepressants, such as Prozac.
Sugary band-aid may help heal post-operative tissue
A compound found in sunless tanning spray may help to heal wounds following surgery, according to new results published by plastic surgeons from NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York City and biomedical engineers at Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y., where the novel compound was developed.
Newly discovered kinase regulates cytoskeleton, and perhaps holds key to how cancer cells spread
Scientists at the University of California, San Diego have identified a previously unknown kinase that regulates cell proliferation, shape and migration, and may play a major role in the progression or metastasis of cancer cells.
Study: 10 minutes of exercise, hour-long effects
(AP) -- Ten minutes of brisk exercise triggers metabolic changes that last at least an hour. The unfair news for panting newbies: The more fit you are, the more benefits you just might be getting.
Breast Milk Protein Linked to Poorer Breast Cancer Survival in Younger Women
(PhysOrg.com) -- In a study that sheds light on why breast cancer may be deadlier for premenopausal women, a Yale School of Medicine team has linked breast cancer survival with levels of a transport protein that regulates milk production in mammary glands. The paper is published in the online early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Scientists identify molecules that ensure red blood cell production
(PhysOrg.com) -- Red blood cells, the delivery men that take oxygen to cells all around the body, have short lives. To keep enough of them in circulation, the human body produces around 2 million of these cells every second - even more in response to challenges like severe blood loss.
Biology news
Researcher develops bioreactor for cultivation of bone cells
A new bioreactor system for cultivating bone cells reduces the number of actions that need to be taken in the process, and so lowers the cost of tissue culture. Frank Janssen of the University of Twente (The Netherlands) developed this new bioreactor. With the new system the cells can be closely monitored during their growth, so that they grow as well as possible.
Oak has secret weapon against caterpillar
A plague of caterpillars is munching its way through the leaves on our trees. Oak forests are suffering the most, reports the Nature Calendar. Cause for concern? Not according to entomologist and expert on insect pests, Leen Moraal of Alterra, part of Wageningen University (The Netherlands).
Breakthrough in stem cell culturing
(PhysOrg.com) -- For the first time, human embryonic stem cells have been cultured under chemically controlled conditions without the use of animal substances, which is essential for future clinical uses. The method has been developed by researchers at Karolinska Institutet and is presented in the journal Nature Biotechnology.
Researchers Discover Secret of Success For Mysterious Hybridized Caribbean Bats
(PhysOrg.com) -- Sometime in the last 30,000 years or so, two separate bat species colonized the Caribbean and converged on islands in the southern Lesser Antilles. One came from Mexico while the other traveled from northern South America.
Scientists decipher structure of nature's 'light switch'
(PhysOrg.com) -- When the first warm rays of springtime sunshine trigger a burst of new plant growth, it's almost as if someone flicked a switch to turn on the greenery and unleash a floral profusion of color. Opening a window into this process, scientists at the DOE's Brookhaven National Laboratory and collaborators at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, have deciphered the structure of a molecular "switch" much like the one plants use to sense light. Their findings, described online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the week of May 31, 2010, help explain how the switch works and could be used to design new ways to modify plant growth.
Scientists breed goats that produce spider silk
(PhysOrg.com) -- Researchers from the University of Wyoming have developed a way to incorporate spiders' silk-spinning genes into goats, allowing the researchers to harvest the silk protein from the goats' milk for a variety of applications. For instance, due to its strength and elasticity, spider silk fiber could have several medical uses, such as for making artificial ligaments and tendons, for eye sutures, and for jaw repair. The silk could also have applications in bulletproof vests and improved car airbags.
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